The Singularity Paramagnetic Peak of Bi0.3Sb1.7Te3 with p-type Surface State

The magnetization measurement was performed in the Bi0.3Sb1.7Te3 single crystal. The magnetic susceptibility revealed a paramagnetic peak independent of the experimental temperature variation. It is speculated to be originated from the free-aligned spin texture at the Dirac point. The ARPES reveals that the Fermi level lies below the Dirac point. The Fermi wavevector extracted from the de Haas–van Alphen oscillation is consistent with the energy dispersion in the ARPES. Our experimental results support that the observed paramagnetic peak in the susceptibility curve does not originate from the free-aligned spin texture at the Dirac point.

Designing spin-textured flat bands in twisted graphene multilayers via helimagnet encapsulation

Twisted graphene multilayers provide tunable platforms to engineer flat bands and exploit the associated strongly correlated physics. The two-dimensional nature of these systems makes them suitable for encapsulation by materials that break specific symmetries. In this context, recently discovered two-dimensional helimagnets, such as the multiferroic monolayer NiI2, are specially appealing for breaking time-reversal and inversion symmetries due to their nontrivial spin textures. Here we show that this spin texture can be imprinted on the electronic structure of twisted bilayer graphene by proximity effect. We discuss the dependence of the imprinted spin texture on the wave-vector of the helical structure, and on the strength of the effective local exchange field. Based on these results we discuss the nature of the superconducting instabilities that can take place in helimagnet encapsulated twisted bilayer graphene. Our results put forward helimagnetic encapsulation as a powerful way of designing spin-textured flat band systems, providing a starting point to engineer a new family of correlated moire states.

Spin mapping of intralayer antiferromagnetism and field-induced spin reorientation in monolayer CrTe2

Intrinsic antiferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) monolayer (ML) crystals enriches our understanding of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic orders and presents several advantages over ferromagnetism in spintronic applications. However, studies of 2D intrinsic antiferromagnetism are sparse, owing to the lack of net magnetisation. Here, by combining spin-polarised scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we investigate the magnetism of vdW ML CrTe2, which has been successfully grown through molecular-beam epitaxy. We observe a stable antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at the atomic scale in the ML crystal, whose bulk is ferromagnetic, and correlate its imaged zigzag spin texture with the atomic lattice structure. The AFM order exhibits an intriguing noncollinear spin reorientation under magnetic fields, consistent with its calculated moderate magnetic anisotropy. The findings of this study demonstrate the intricacy of 2D vdW magnetic materials and pave the way for their in-depth analysis.

Unveiling the three-dimensional magnetic texture of skyrmion tubes

Magnetic skyrmions are stable topological solitons with complex non-coplanar spin structures. Their nanoscopic size and the low electric currents required to control their motion has opened a new field of research, skyrmionics, that aims for the usage of skyrmions as information carriers. Further advances in skyrmionics call for a thorough understanding of their three-dimensional (3D) spin texture, skyrmion–skyrmion interactions and the coupling to surfaces and interfaces, which crucially affect skyrmion stability and mobility. Here, we quantitatively reconstruct the 3D magnetic texture of Bloch skyrmions with sub-10-nanometre resolution using holographic vector-field electron tomography. The reconstructed textures reveal local deviations from a homogeneous Bloch character within the skyrmion tubes, details of the collapse of the skyrmion texture at surfaces and a correlated modulation of the skyrmion tubes in FeGe along their tube axes. Additionally, we confirm the fundamental principles of skyrmion formation through an evaluation of the 3D magnetic energy density across these magnetic solitons.

Phase shift in skyrmion crystals

The magnetic skyrmion crystal is a periodic array of a swirling topological spin texture. Since it is regarded as an interference pattern by multiple helical spin density waves, the texture changes with the relative phase shifts among the constituent waves. Although such a phase degree of freedom is relevant to not only magnetism but also transport properties, its effect has not been elucidated thus far. We here theoretically show that a phase shift in the skyrmion crystals leads to a tetra-axial vortex crystal and a meron-antimeron crystal, both of which show a staggered pattern of the scalar spin chirality and give rise to nonreciprocal transport phenomena without the spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate that such a phase shift can be driven by exchange interactions between the localized spins, thermal fluctuations, and long-range chirality interactions in spin-charge coupled systems. Our results provide a further diversity of topological spin textures and open a new field of emergent electromagnetism by the phase shift engineering.

Emergence of the topological Hall effect in a tetragonal compensated ferrimagnet Mn2.3Pd0.7Ga

Topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions have attracted considerable interest due to their potential application in spintronic devices. However, there still remain several challenges to overcome before their practical application, for instance, achieving high scalability and thermal stability. Recent experiments have proposed a new class of skyrmion materials in the Heusler family, Mn1.4Pt0.9Pd0.1Sn and Mn2Rh0.95Ir0.05Sn, which possess noncollinear magnetic structures. Motivated by these experimental results, we suggest another Heusler compound hosted by Mn3Ga to overcome the above limitations. We fabricate Mn3-xPdxGa thin films, focusing on the magnetic compensation point. In Mn2.3Pd0.7Ga, we find a spin-reorientation transition around TSR = 320 K. Below the TSR, we observe the topological Hall effect and a positive magnetic entropy change, which are the hallmarks of a chiral noncollinear spin texture. By integrating all the data, we determine the magnetic phase diagram, displaying a wide chiral noncollinear spin phase even at room temperature. We believe that this compensated ferrimagnet shows promise for opening a new avenue toward chiral spin-based, high-density, and low-power devices.

Random-Gate-Voltage Induced Al’tshuler–Aronov–Spivak Effect in Topological Edge States

Helical edge states are the hallmark of the quantum spin Hall insulator. Recently, several experiments have observed transport signatures contributed by trivial edge states, making it difficult to distinguish between the topologically trivial and nontrivial phases. Here, we show that helical edge states can be identified by the random-gate-voltage induced Φ 0/2-period oscillation of the averaged electron return probability in the interferometer constructed by the edge states. The random gate voltage can highlight the Φ 0/2-period Al’tshuler–Aronov–Spivak oscillation proportional to sin2(2πΦ/Φ 0) by quenching theΦ 0-period Aharonov–Bohm oscillation. It is found that the helical spin texture induced π Berry phase is key to such weak antilocalization behavior with zero return probability at Φ = 0. In contrast, the oscillation for the trivial edge states may exhibit either weak localization or antilocalization depending on the strength of the spin-orbit coupling, which has finite return probability at Φ = 0. Our results provide an effective way for the identification of the helical edge states. The predicted signature is stabilized by the time-reversal symmetry so that it is robust against disorder and does not require any fine adjustment of system.

The dynamic chirality flips of Skyrmion bubbles

Magnetic skyrmion, a topological magnetic domain with complex non-coplanar spin texture, appears a disk-like structure in two dimensions. Exploring three-dimensional spin texture and related chirality switching has drawn enormous interests from the perspective of fundamental research. Here, the three-dimensional magnetic moment of the skyrmion bubbles in centrosymmetric Mn-Ni-Ga were reconstructed with the vector field tomography approach via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The type of the bubbles was determined from investigating the magnetic vectors in entire space. We found that the bubbles switched their chirality easily but still keep the polarity to remain the singularity of the bubbles within the material. Our results offer valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the spin chirality flips dynamics of skyrmion bubbles.