scholarly journals Mapping of temperature and CO2 column density in a standard flame by multispectral imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Meléndez Sanchez ◽  
Javier Talavante ◽  
Guillermo Guarnizo ◽  
Fernando López
Keyword(s):  
Column Density ◽  
Multispectral Imaging

scholarly journals Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8395
Author(s):  
Juan Meléndez ◽  
Guillermo Guarnizo
Keyword(s):  
Column Density ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bunsen Flame ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Ir Camera

Accurate measurement of temperature in flames is a challenging problem that has been successfully addressed by hyperspectral imaging. This technique is able to provide maps of not only temperature T (K) but also of column density Q (ppm·m) of the main chemical species. Industrial applications, however, require cheaper instrumentation and faster and simpler data analysis. In this work, the feasibility and performance of multispectral imaging for the retrieval of T and QCO2 in flames are studied. Both the hyperspectral and multispectral measurement methods are described and applied to a standard flame, with known T and QCO2, and to an ordinary Bunsen flame. Hyperspectral results, based on emission spectra with 0.5 cm−1 resolution, were found in previous works to be highly accurate, and are thus considered as the ground truth to compare with multispectral measurements of a mid-IR camera (3 to 5 μm) with a six interference filter wheel. Maps of T and Q obtained by both methods show that, for regions with T ≳1300 K, the average of relative errors in multispectral measurements is ∼5% for T (and can be reduced to ∼2.5% with a correction based on a linear regression) and ∼20% for Q. Results obtained with four filters are very similar; results with two filters are also similar for T but worse for Q.

Multispectral Imaging to define morpho-molecular classes of human HCC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ritz ◽  
J Baues ◽  
O Krenkel ◽  
P Schirmacher ◽  
T Longerich
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging

scholarly journals PD-L1 targeting and subclonal immune escape mediated by PD-L1 mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e002844
Author(s):  
Alexander Stein ◽  
Donjete Simnica ◽  
Christoph Schultheiß ◽  
Rebekka Scholz ◽  
Joseph Tintelnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
High Affinity

BackgroundIn patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), immune checkpoint blockade is ineffective, and combinatorial approaches enhancing immunogenicity need exploration.MethodsWe treated 43 patients with predominantly microsatellite stable RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC on a phase II trial combining chemotherapy with the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab and the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody avelumab. We performed next-generation gene panel sequencing for mutational typing of tumors and liquid biopsy monitoring as well as digital droplet PCR to confirm individual mutations. Translational analyses included tissue immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging and repertoire sequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Detected PD-L1 mutations were mechanistically validated in CRISPR/Cas9-generated cell models using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by natural killer cell degranulation assay and LDH release assay as well as live cell imaging of T cell mediated tumor cell killing.ResultsCirculating tumor DNA showed rapid clearance in the majority of patients mirroring a high rate of early tumor shrinkage. In 3 of 13 patients expressing the high-affinity Fcγ receptor 3a (FcγR3a), tumor subclones with PD-L1 mutations were selected that led to loss of tumor PD-L1 by nonsense-mediated RNA decay in PD-L1 K162fs and protein degradation in PD-L1 L88S. As a consequence, avelumab binding and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity were impaired, while T cell killing of these variant clones was increased. Interestingly, PD-L1 mutant subclones showed slow selection dynamics reversing on avelumab withdrawal and patients with such subclones had above-average treatment benefit. This suggested that the PD-L1 mutations mediated resistance to direct antitumor effects of avelumab, while at the same time loss of PD-L1 reduced biological fitness by enhanced T cell killing limiting subclonal expansion.ConclusionThe addition of avelumab to standard treatment appeared feasible and safe. PD-L1 mutations mediate subclonal immune escape to avelumab in some patients with mCRC expressing high-affinity FcγR3a, which may be a subset experiencing most selective pressure. Future trials evaluating the addition of avelumab to standard treatment in MSS mCRC are warranted especially in this patient subpopulation.Trial registration numberNCT03174405.

Multispectral Imaging for Automated Fish Quality Grading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjaya Jayasundara ◽  
Lakshitha Ramanayake ◽  
Neranjan Senarath ◽  
Sanjaya Herath ◽  
Roshan Godaliyadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Fish Quality ◽  
Quality Grading

scholarly journals A synergy of the velocity gradients technique and the probability density functions for identifying gravitational collapse in self-absorbing media

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 1768-1784
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
A Lazarian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Column Density ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Self Gravity

ABSTRACT The velocity gradients technique (VGT) and the probability density functions (PDFs) of mass density are tools to study turbulence, magnetic fields, and self-gravity in molecular clouds. However, self-absorption can significantly make the observed intensity different from the column density structures. In this work, we study the effects of self-absorption on the VGT and the intensity PDFs utilizing three synthetic emission lines of CO isotopologues 12CO (1–0), 13CO (1–0), and C18O (1–0). We confirm that the performance of VGT is insensitive to the radiative transfer effect. We numerically show the possibility of constructing 3D magnetic fields tomography through VGT. We find that the intensity PDFs change their shape from the pure lognormal to a distribution that exhibits a power-law tail depending on the optical depth for supersonic turbulence. We conclude the change of CO isotopologues’ intensity PDFs can be independent of self-gravity, which makes the intensity PDFs less reliable in identifying gravitational collapsing regions. We compute the intensity PDFs for a star-forming region NGC 1333 and find the change of intensity PDFs in observation agrees with our numerical results. The synergy of VGT and the column density PDFs confirms that the self-gravitating gas occupies a large volume in NGC 1333.

747 Evaluation of immune microenvironment of primary lung cancer and synchronous liver metastasis with multispectral imaging system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A795-A795
Author(s):  
Hyeonbin Cho ◽  
Jae-Hwan Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Synchronous Liver Metastasis ◽  
Immune Microenvironment

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy (CIT) has substantially improved the survival of cancer patients. However, according to recent studies, liver metastasis was reported to predict worse outcomes for CIT. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the differences in the immune microenvironment (IME) between the primary lung cancer (PL) and synchronous liver metastasis (LM) using a multispectral imaging system.MethodsSix immune markers (CD4, CD8, CTLA-4, granzyme B (GZB), Foxp3 and PD-L1) were analyzed using a multiplex IHC system and inForm program (Akoya) on paired lung-liver samples of 10 patients. Cells were categorized into tumor nest and stroma, and cell counts per unit area were measured for comparison.ResultsThe number of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (TIL) in PL (262.5 cells/mm2) was higher than that of LM (113.3 cells/mm2). Additionally, the ratio between the number of TIL and non-TIL was greater in PL (0.31) compared to that of LM (0.26). A similar trend appeared for Helper T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), as PL consisted of higher numbers of T cells (791.8 Helper T cells/mm2, 195.7 Treg/mm2) than LM (626.3 Helper T cells/mm2, 121.3 Treg/mm2). However, cytotoxic T cells exhibiting GZB+ and CTLA-4- were fewer in PL (140.2 cells/mm2) than in LM (203.3 cells/mm2), and the ratio is 0.69. The mean number of GZB+ TIL in PL (32.5 cells/mm2) was lower than in LM (35.3 cells/mm2), and their proportions among total TIL counts were 0.12 and 0.31, respectively. In PL, GZB+: GZB- ratio is 0.16 while the ratio is 1.91 for LM. A fewer number of TILs exhibiting GZB suggests that PL has lower efficiency in immune response than LM. Another crucial checkpoint receptor that inhibits immune response, CTLA-4, was more prevalent in PL, with CTLA-4+: CTLA-4- ratio in Treg being 0.36 in PL, compared to 0.11 in LM. The tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 was higher in PL than LM (40.0 vs. 6.6).ConclusionsIn our study, we showed the differences in the numbers of TIL or regulatory T cells and expressions of immune checkpoint receptors (PD-L1, CTLA-4), which significantly influence outcomes for CIT. The study is ongoing to confirm different IME between the PL and LM groups in a larger tumor cohort.ReferencesPeng, Jianhong, et al., Immune Cell Infiltration in the Microenvironment of Liver Oligometastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Intratumoural CD8/CD3 Ratio Is a Valuable Prognostic Index for Patients Undergoing Liver Metastasectomy. Cancers 2019 Dec; 11(12): 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121922Tumeh, Paul C., et al., Liver Metastasis and treatment outcome with Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in patients with melanoma and NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res 2017 May; 5(5): 417–424. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0325Parra, E.R., Immune Cell Profiling in Cancer Using Multiplex Immunofluorescence and Digital Analysis Approaches; Streckfus, C.F., Ed.; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2018; pp. 1–13. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.80380Ribas, A., Hu-Lieskovan, S., What does PD-L1 positive or negative mean?. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2016;213(13):2835–2840. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20161462

scholarly journals The stratified disc wind of MCG-03-58-007

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
V Braito ◽  
J N Reeves ◽  
P Severgnini ◽  
R Della Ceca ◽  
L Ballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Line ◽  
Velocity Component ◽  
Column Density ◽  
Accretion Disc ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
High Column

ABSTRACT Past Suzaku, XMM–Newton, and NuSTAR observations of the nearby (z = 0.03233) bright Seyfert 2 galaxy MCG-03-58-007 revealed the presence of two deep and blue-shifted iron K-shell absorption line profiles. These could be explained with the presence of two phases of a highly ionized, high column density accretion disc wind outflowing with vout1 ∼ −0.1c and vout2 ∼ −0.2c. Here we present two new observations of MCG-03-58-007: one was carried out in 2016 with Chandra and one in 2018 with Swift. Both caught MCG-03-58-007 in a brighter state ($F_{{\mathrm{2}-10\, keV}} \sim 4 \times 10^{-12}$ erg cm−2 s−1) confirming the presence of the fast disc wind. The multi-epoch observations of MCG-03-58-007 covering the period from 2010 to 2018 were then analysed. These data show that the lower velocity component outflowing with vout1 ∼ −0.072 ± 0.002c is persistent and detected in all the observations, although it is variable in column density in the range NH ∼ 3–8 × 1023 cm−2. In the 2016 Swift observation we detected again the second faster component outflowing with vout2 ∼ −0.2c, with a column density ($N_{\mbox{H}}=7.0^{+5.6}_{-4.1}\times 10^{23}$ cm−2), similar to that seen during the Suzaku observation. However during the Chandra observation 2 yr earlier, this zone was not present (NH < 1.5 × 1023 cm−2), suggesting that this faster zone is intermittent. Overall the multi-epochs observations show that the disc wind in MCG-03-58-007 is not only powerful, but also extremely variable, hence placing MCG-03-58-007 among unique disc winds such as the one seen in the famous QSO PDS456. One of the main results of this investigation is the consideration that these winds could be extremely variable, sometime appearing and sometime disappearing; thus to reach solid and firm conclusions about their energetics multiple observations are mandatory.

Automated Detection of Bleeding in Capsule Endoscopy using on-chip Multispectral Imaging Sensors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mohebbian ◽  
Md Hanif Ali Sohag ◽  
Seyed Shahim Vedaei ◽  
Khan A. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Imaging Sensors
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document