<title>2D and 3D printing of biomolecules employing femtosecond lasers</title>

AbstractAmong 2D materials, MXenes (especially their most studied member, titanium carbide) present a unique opportunity for application via colloidal processing, as they are electrically conductive and chemically active, whilst still being easily dispersed in water. And since the first systematic study of colloidal MXene rheology was published in 2018 (Rheological Characteristics of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Dispersions: A Guide for Processing MXenes by Akuzum, et al.), numerous works have presented small amounts of rheological data which together contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic. This work reviews the published rheological data on all MXene-containing formulations, including liquid crystals, mixtures and non-aqueous colloids, which have been used in processes such as stamping, patterning, 2D and 3D printing. An empirical model of aqueous titanium carbide viscosity has been developed, and recommendations are made to help researchers more effectively present their data for future rheological analysis. Graphic abstract

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NRAGE, a potential biomarker, induces radioresistance in two- and three-dimensional culture and confers poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104545/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huandi Zhou ◽

Guohui Wang ◽

Zhiqing Xiao ◽

Yu Yang ◽

Chen Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

3D Printing ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Radical Radiotherapy ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Nuclear Expression ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Gsk 3Β ◽

2D And 3D

Abstract Background To explore the mechanism of NRAGE enhancing radioresistance of ESCC in 2D and 3D levels. Methods Stably NRAGE-overexpressed ESCC cells and 3D-printing models for ESCC cells were established. Then, cellular malignancy indexes, such as cell morphology, proliferation, radioresistance, motility, apoptosis, cell cycle, and proteins of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were compared between radioresistant and its parental cells in 2D and 3D levels. Additionally, 44 paraffin ESCC specimens with radical radiotherapy were selected to examine NRAGE and β-catenin protein expression and analyze the clinical correlation. Results Experiments in 2D culture showed that Eca109/NRAGE cells’ morphology was more irregular, elongated spindle-shaped and disappeared polarity. It obtained faster growth ability, stronger resistance to irradiation, enhanced motility, reduced apoptosis ratio and cell cycle rearrangement. Moreover, Western blot results showed β-catenin, p-Gsk-3β and CyclinD1 expressions were induced, while p-β-catenin and Gsk-3β expressions decreased in Eca109/NRAGE cells. Experiments in the 3D-printing model showed Eca109/NRAGE cell-laden 3D scaffolds had the advantage on growth and spheroiding according to the brigbtfield observation, scanning electron microscopy and Ki-67 IHC staining, and higher expression at the β-catenin protein. Clinical analysis showed that NRAGE expression was higher in tumor tissues than in control tissues of ESCC patients from the Public DataBase. Compared with radiotherapy effective group, both NRAGE total and nuclear and β-catenin nuclear expressions were significantly upregulated from ESCC specimens in invalid group. Further analysis showed a positive and linear correlation between NRAGE nuclear and β-catenin nuclear expressions. Additionally, results from univariate and multivariate analyses revealed NRAGE nuclear expression could serve as a risk factor for ESCC patients receiving radical radiotherapy. Conclusion ESCC cells with NRAGE nuclear accumulation demonstrated greater radioresistance, which may be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It indicated that NRAGE nuclear expression was a potential biomarker for monitoring radiotherapeutic response.

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Micro and nanoscale 3D printing using optical pickup unit from a gaming console

Communications Physics ◽

10.1038/s42005-021-00532-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tien-Jen Chang ◽

Lukas Vaut ◽

Martin Voss ◽

Oleksii Ilchenko ◽

Line Hagner Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Femtosecond Lasers ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Oxygen Radical ◽

Laser Exposure ◽

Optical Pickup ◽

Lateral Direction ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Printing System

AbstractConventional photopolymerization-based 3D printing still requires developing a concise and cost-effective method to improve the printing resolution at the nanoscale. Here, we propose the use of a gaming console optical drive pickup unit for 3D photopolymerization. This mass-produced optical pickup unit features a finely adjustable diode laser, allowing us to adjust the printing resolution from tens of micrometres down to hundreds of nanometres without requiring oxygen radical scavenging or costly femtosecond lasers. We evaluate the 3D printing performance using a commercial photopolymer under different laser exposure parameters. The proposed printing system achieves a resolution of 385 nm along the lateral direction and XYZ nano-resolution linear stages enable a printing volume of up to 50 × 50 × 25 mm3. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of 3D stereoscopic microstructures. The substantially simplified optics proposed here paves the way for affordable high-resolution micro/nanoscale 3D fabrication.

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Teaching periodicity and aperiodicity using 3D-printed tiles and polyhedra

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576720011772 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 1583-1592

Author(s):

Lluís Casas

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Hands On ◽

Key Concepts ◽

Hands On Learning ◽

3D Printed ◽

Definition Of ◽

Aperiodic Crystals ◽

2D And 3D

Unit cell and periodicity are key concepts in crystallography and classically were thought to be inherent properties of ordered media like crystals. Aperiodic crystals (including quasicrystals) forced a change of paradigm, affecting the actual definition of a crystal. However, aperiodicity is usually not taught in crystallography undergraduate courses. The emergence of low-cost 3D-printing technologies makes it possible to tackle hands-on learning of the commonly taught crystallography concepts related to periodicity and to introduce in an uncomplicated manner aperiodic crystals and their related concepts that usually are skipped. In this paper, several examples of the use of 3D printing are shown, including 2D and 3D examples of periodic and aperiodic ordered media; these are particularly useful to understand both conventional periodic crystals and quasicrystals. The STL files of the presented models are made available with the paper.

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Upscaling Sensing Materials With Challenges of Sensors Embedding in Powder Based Materials and Polymers

Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems ◽

10.1115/smasis2015-8859 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Samir Mekid ◽

Nouari Saheb ◽

Hammam Daraghma ◽

Asad Butt ◽

Khurram Qureshi

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Fiber Optics ◽

Layered Manufacturing ◽

External Effects ◽

Additive Process ◽

New Concepts ◽

Host Materials ◽

Macro Scale ◽

And Performance ◽

2D And 3D

This paper has explored and analyzed new routes to design new concepts of materials capable of feeling external effects and feed information back to a monitor and/or react through embedded actuators to resist any deformation. The material with its new artificial sensing property can be easily scaled-up to govern a whole structure at macro scale. The research has investigated a variety of manufacturing routes to build prototypes to be tested for the sake of characterization and performance assessment as well as cost analysis to assess effectiveness. This has included ultrasonic fiber optics embedding in thin Metals e.g. Aluminum which has shown some challenges to be discussed. The host materials included mainly layered manufacturing based materials e.g. powder based materials (Alloy Al6061) and additive process e.g. 3D printing with ABS material. This work has considered samples with concepts having embedded fiber optics in 1D, 2D and 3D. The integrity of the fiber optics and the host materials as well as the sensors performance has been investigated under several conditions of pressure, temperature and geometric placement of the fiber optics. A parametric compromise between materials standard performance and integrity of the sensors is to be found.

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Fabrication antennas with 2D and 3D printing technologies: review

Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2019 ◽

10.1117/12.2536828 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dariusz Grudziński ◽

Marcin Słoma

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

2D And 3D

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Graphic Swim: 2D and 3D Printing in Glass Casting

Arts ◽

10.3390/arts8010029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Jeffrey Sarmiento

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

The Other ◽

Graphic Image ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Cast Glass

This document is a report on developing processes to encourage flow of the graphic image in kilnformed glass. It is also a description and reflection on a body of artworks in glass in which new visual qualities were exposed through a mishap and turned into an aesthetic choice. The research links 2D print approaches to 3D printing and their integration in cast glass. It updates the author’s practice-based PhD research, a study that utilizes glass printing, cutting and fusing processes to combine the printed image within the glass object. The outcomes of the study can be organized under two approaches that have been developed, one appropriate to practical workshop teaching, and the other for the conceptualization and fabrication of new personal artworks.

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