Interaural level differences and the level-meter model

Single units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of unanesthetized decerebrate cats can be grouped into three distinct types (V, I, and O) according to the patterns of excitation and inhibition revealed in contralateral frequency response maps. This study extends the description of these response types by assessing their ipsilateral and binaural response map properties. Here the nature of ipsilateral inputs is evaluated directly using frequency response maps and compared with results obtained from methods that rely on sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs). In general, there is a one-to-one correspondence between observed ipsilateral input characteristics and those inferred from ILD manipulations. Type V units receive ipsilateral excitation and show binaural facilitation (EE properties); type I and type O units receive ipsilateral inhibition and show binaural excitatory/inhibitory (EI) interactions. Analyses of binaural frequency response maps show that these ILD effects extend over the entire receptive field of ICC units. Thus the range of frequencies that elicits excitation from type V units is expanded with increasing levels of ipsilateral stimulation, whereas the excitatory bandwidth of type I and O units decreases under the same binaural conditions. For the majority of ICC units, application of bicuculline, an antagonist for GABAA-mediated inhibition, does not alter the basic effects of binaural stimulation; rather, it primarily increases spontaneous and maximum discharge rates. These results support our previous interpretations of the putative dominant inputs to ICC response types and have important implications for midbrain processing of competing free-field sounds that reach the listener with different directional signatures.

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A Reading Recognition Model of Pointer Type Oil-level Meter Based on Improved Resnet

2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE) ◽

10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279457 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuanhong Liang ◽

Youyuan Wang ◽

Yubo Zhang ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Deying Ma

Keyword(s):

Recognition Model ◽

Level Meter

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A compact and low‐cost do‐it‐yourself water level meter

Hydrological Processes ◽

10.1002/hyp.14205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Nils Michelsen

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Low Cost ◽

Do It Yourself ◽

Level Meter

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Measurement of Noise inside the Compartment and Vibration on both Sides of Elastomeric Powertrain Mounts of Passenger Car

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.59 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 471 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Mohd Noor Arib Rejab ◽

Roslan Abd Rahman ◽

Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah ◽

Jawaid Iqbal Inayat Hussain ◽

Nazirah Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fast Response ◽

Sound Level ◽

Measurement Noise ◽

The Other ◽

Vibration Level ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Exhaust Noise ◽

Run Up ◽

Level Meter ◽

High Level

This paper presents an evaluation on elastomeric mount used to isolate vibration from powertrain to chassis or structure vehicle. The assessments started with measurement of noise inside compartment, and exhaust noise. This is followed by the measurement of vibration on both sides of elastomeric mounts. The noise in the compartment and exhaust noise is measured according to BS 6086: 1981 and BS ISO 5130: 2007. The noise in the compartment and vibration is tested in three conditions. Firstly, engine is run-up with load (driving at second gear); secondly, without load; and thirdly, without load but hanging. A microphone is fixed at the ear of the mannequin. The fast response and A weighting sound level meter were used for measurement noise in the compartment and exhaust noise. The vibration is measured in terms of acceleration on both sides of each elastomeric powertrain mounts. Two accelerometer transducers are fixed on both sides of powertrain elastomeric mounts. One side was identified as a source of vibration and the other as receiver of vibrations. The results showed that the pattern of overall vibration level on source and receiver increased from 1050 RPM (idling) to 4000 RPM on all test conditions. Vibration transmitted to chassis or receiver structure was analyzed using transmissibility concept. By evaluating test condition of engine run-up without load, informed that the front and rear mounts showed a high level transmissibility contributing to structure-borne noise.

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The Finite Element Analysis in Measurement System of Airplane Fuel Mass

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.147 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301-303 ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Xiu Wu Sui ◽

Xiao Guang Qi ◽

Da Peng Li ◽

Guo Xiong Zhang ◽

Yu Ming Fan

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Measurement System ◽

Mass Measurement ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Fuel Mass ◽

The Finite Element Analysis ◽

Level Sensor ◽

Level Meter ◽

Fuel Level

The paper presents the measurement system of the air plane fuel mass consisting of cylinder shell resonating density meter and double cylinders capacitance level meter. The finite element analysis method of ANSYS10.0 is used to analyze the performance of cylinder shell resonator density meter and double cylinders capacitance fuel level sensor. On the base of simulation, the cylinder shell is 45mm in length, 9mm in radius, and 0.08mm in thickness, the material is 3J53; the double cylinders capacitance is 8mm in inside diameter, 23.6mm in outside diameter, and 550 mm in length. The experiments show the uncertainty of cylinder shell resonating density meter is only 0.12%, the uncertainty of double cylinders capacitance level meter is only 0.2%, and the uncertainty of the fuel mass measurement system is 0.4%.

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Testing of Sonic-Absorbent Panels’ Behavior in Open-Air Environment

Volume 12: Vibration, Acoustics and Wave Propagation ◽

10.1115/imece2012-86823 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Petru A. Pop ◽

Patricia A. Ungur ◽

Liviu Lazar ◽

Mircea Gordan ◽

Florin M. Marcu

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Sound Level ◽

Sound Level Meter ◽

Data Logger ◽

Public Buildings ◽

Gypsum Plaster ◽

Level Meter ◽

And Control

One wildly used method to reduce and control the noise pollution in green city’s buildings is using sonic-absorbent panels. Their applications can be multiple, such as the insulation of buildings, acoustic barriers and fences along the highway or in front of supermarkets, hospitals and other public buildings. This paper presents a method for testing the behavior of sonic-absorbent panels in open-air environment. The work represents a carrying on of previous research about absorbent materials from gypsum family, tested in lab conditions. The experiment setup used a dynamic installation and as a sample a stand formed by six sonic-absorbent panels from special modeling alpha-gypsum plaster. This installation has been composed of two loudspeakers for emitting the sound at a well-defined frequency by the first laptop, the microphone for detecting and transmitting the signal to the second laptop for analyzing and processing the data. All operations were performed using MATLAB Programs, while a Data Logger Sound Level Meter type CENTER 332 was put on near the microphone to compare both results. The first experiment of acoustic stand has been realized by setting up the installation at a frequency from 50 Hz to 1250 Hz and altering the distance between loudspeakers and stand at 0.5m to 1m and 1.5m, respectively. The second experiment kept the same test’s conditions, while two and three layers of sonic-absorbent panels formed the stand, respectively, but at same distance from source of 0.5 m. In both tests, the results underlined the good sonic-absorbent properties of these panels, especially at medium and high frequency, which can recommend using the panels for multiple outside applications.

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Pemetaan Dan Perhitungan Pemaparan Tingkat Kebisingan Pada Industri Pengolahan Kayu Di Kecamatan Siak, Provinsi Riau

Al-Ard Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan ◽

10.29080/alard.v6i2.1185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 68-76

Author(s):

Aryo Sasmita ◽

Muhammad Reza ◽

Rodesia Mustika Rozi

Keyword(s):

Sound Level ◽

Sound Level Meter ◽

Noise Mapping ◽

Level Meter

Dalam kegiatan operasionalnya CV. X yang bergerak pada pengolahan kayu, berpotensi menimbulkan kebisingan yang berasal dari mesin-mesin yang digunakan dalam proses produksi pallet. Kebisingan di perusahaan ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan kenyamanan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas kebisingan yang dihasilkan oleh mesin produksi, lama waktu pemaparan, pemetaan kebisingan dan upaya pengendalian kebisingan. Metode pengukuran kebisingan mengacu pada metode noise mapping dan alat yang digunakan adalah Sound Level Meter. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menjadi peta kontur dengan variasi warna biru, hijau, kuning, ungu dan merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kebisingan tertinggi sebesar 99,4 dB dan tingkat kebisingan terendah sebesar 67,3 dB. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan persamaan NIOSH dari 128 titik pengukuran metode noise mapping terdapat 38 titik dengan tingkat kebisingan >85 dB yang menunjukkan waktu pemaparan di atas standar yang sudah direkomendasikan NIOSH. Tingkat kebisingan tertinggi sebesar 99,4 dB dengan lama pemaparan selama 0,3 jam dan tingkat kebisingan terendah sebesar 67,3 dB dengan lama pemaparan selama 475 jam. Upaya pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kebisingan seperti pengendalian dari sumber, jalur transmisi, dan penerima.

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