Physical and Motor Development of Neonates/Infants Prenatally Exposed to Drugs in Utero: A Meta-Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Tarr ◽  
Jean L. Pyfer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Length Of Gestation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of prenatal drug exposure on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, Apgar scores, length of gestation, and motor development (Psychomotor Development Index, PDI) scores. A meta-analytic review was conducted on 56 studies published between 1979 and June 25, 1993. There were 294 effect sizes computed using the means and standard deviations reported in each study. The composite effect sizes calculated for the growth and motor development variables were (a) –.55, p <.01, birth weight; (b) –.74, p < .01, birth length; (c) –.79, p < .01, head circumference; (d) –.45, p < .01, 1-min Apgar score; (e) –.62, p <.01, 5-min Apgar score; (f) –.36, p < .01, length of gestation; (g) –.07, p = .55, PDI score (3 months); (h) –.35, p <.01, PDI score (6 months); (i) –.74, p < .01, PDI score (12 months); (j) –.44, p <.01, PDI score (18 months); and (k) –.23, p <.01, PDI score (24 months). The results of this investigation demonstrated that the use/abuse of illicit substances, alcohol, or both by the mother does significantly affect the physical and motor development of neonates/infants exposed in utero.

scholarly journals Early registration for antenatal care was associated with improved birth outcomes in a low-income community in Harare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo ◽  
Shingai Mudzuri ◽  
Prosper Chopera
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Early Registration

Abstract Background : The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends early registration, regular and consistent attendance of antenatal care (ANC) sessions for all pregnant women. Specifically, if ANC services promote evidence-based practices this improves pregnancy outcomes and reduce maternal mortality. Yet there are worrying gaps in knowledge of antenatal care services in Zimbabwe. Objectives: To determine the relationship between early registration and frequency of ANC visits on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, Apgar score, birth complications, delivery mode, preterm birth and duration of labour among women aged 15-49 from Hatcliffe Polyclinic, Harare. Methods: This was a health facility based analytical cross-sectional study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, and associations between dependent and independent variables were determined using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Ethical approval was granted from the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/B/1438). Results: A total of 75 mother child pairs were interviewed. Most (77.3%) had more than four ANC visits. Only 36% registered early (during first trimester). Most of the children had normal birth weight ≥2500g (80.3%), birth length ≥47cm, (76%), head circumference ≥33cm (80%), and Apgar score ≥7 (96%). A positive association was observed between number of ANC visits and birth weight [Odds ratio (OR) 7.6; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6, 36.4 (p=0.013)], birth length [OR 6.1; 95%CI 1.8, 20.1 (p=0.010)], and head circumference [OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.3, 14.8 (p=0.013)]. Positive associations were also observed between timing of registration and birth weight [OR 1.2; 95% 1.05, 1.36 (p=0.045)], birth length [OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.03, 0.76 (p=0.012)]. Conclusions: In this study increased frequency and early registration for ANC visits had a positive relationship with birth weight, birth length and head circumference. These findings show the need for improving the uptake of ANC services, early registration for ANC in the first trimester and adoption of community wide strategies to ensure that pregnant women attend all recommended visits for improved birth outcomes in this and related settings.

scholarly journals The association of women’s birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie S. Sandvei ◽  
Signe Opdahl ◽  
Marit Valla ◽  
Pagona Lagiou ◽  
Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal B

Abstract Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc Level at Term Pregnancy and Newborn Anthropometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Seriana ◽  
Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum zinc level at term pregnancy and newborn anthropometry. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Serum zinc level at term pregnancy was measured and then anthropometric measurement was done to the newborn, including birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. The data were statistically analyzed using regression correlation test. Results: Mean serum zinc level at term pregnancy is 36.01 μg/dl (SD=18.34 μg/dl), the average birth weight is 3158 gr (SD=480.4 gr), the average birth length is 48.42 cm (SD=1.75 cm) and the average head circumference at birth is 33.13 cm (SD=1.14 cm). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum zinc levels at term pregnancy and birth weight (p-value=0.152). Meanwhile, there are statistically significant relationships between serum zinc level at term pregnancy with birth length and head circumference with pvalue 0.026 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Serum zinc level at term pregnancy is correlated with birth length and head circumference, but is not correlated with birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 3-4: 190-195] Keywords: birth length, birth weight, head circumference at birth, serum zinc level, term pregnancy

Changes in LDL and HDL Subclasses in Normal Pregnancy and Associations with Birth Weight, Birth Length and Head Circumference

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zeljkovic ◽  
Jelena Vekic ◽  
Slavica Spasic ◽  
Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic ◽  
Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Birth Length

scholarly journals Physical birth outcomes in neonates prenatally exposed to buprenorphine - our first experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
Natasha Simonovska ◽  
Beti Zafirova-Ivanovska ◽  
Aleksandra Babulovska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Opioid Use

Introduction/Objective. Buprenorphine appears generally similar to, and in some cases superior to, methadone in terms of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess some physical birth outcomes in neonates prenatally exposed to buprenorphine. Methods. During a seven-year period, nine patients have been treated with buprenorphine during their pregnancy. All women underwent interview, clinical investigations, biochemical analysis, toxicological screening, viral markers for hepatitis B, C, HIV, with regular check-ups by an obstetrician and a psychiatrist. Newborn outcomes included: birth weight in grams, birth length in centimeters, physical anomalies, head/chest circumference in centimeters, Apgar score at 1 minute / 5 minutes, gestational age (weeks), newborn length of hospital stay in days, breast-feeding, the newborn?s need for pharmacologic treatment after delivery. Results. The mean birth weight was 2,991.11 ? 37 g; birth length was 49.44 ? 2.29 cm; head circumference was 33.11 ? 0.78 cm; chest circumference was 32.33 ? 1 cm; first minute Apgar score was 8.22, fifth minute 9.22; age at delivery was 38.77 ? 1.09 weeks; hospitalization after delivery 4.44 ? 1.13 days. None of the newborns had physical anomalies. Six of the newborns were breastfed. Conclusion. Buprenorphine is a safe and important part of a complete comprehensive treatment approach in pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine treatment of maternal opioid use disorder indicated a low risk of preterm birth, normal birth weight and length, head and chest circumference, Apgar score, short hospitalization after delivery.

scholarly journals A retrospective cross-sectional study of delayed closure of anterior fontanelle in healthy infants and its associated factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MengYan Tang ◽  
Fei Xiong ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Limin Zeng ◽  
SuFei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anterior Fontanelle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Delayed Closure

Abstract Background: Anterior fontanelle (AF) is a regular feature of developing infants, and its delayed closure (AFDC) is highly valued in clinical child healthcare. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with a 3-year follow-up to understand the occurrence of AFDC in healthy infants and its associated factors.Results: 61 out of 792 infants examined had AFDC, resulting in an incidence rate of 7.71% of AFDC in healthy infants. 92.29% of infants were found to have experienced AF closure by the age of 24 months, while up to 99.87% of them achieved closure before 36 months. From the age of 1 month to 36 months, the median AF size of the AFDC group was significantly larger than that of the normal closure (AFNC) group. Between 6 and 36 months, the median weight as well as length/height of the AFDC infants were both lower than those of their counterparts. Additionally, there indicated no difference in head circumference between two groups. Several factors were associated with AFDC in healthy infants, which were heavier birth weight (OR=1.001), longer birth length (OR=0.778), larger AF size at 1 month (OR=4.196), and being male (OR=1.851).Conclusion: AFDC in healthy infants was considered within a normal range for AF development and thus not pathological in this case. AF development was correlated to infant weight as well as length/height, but had no significant relationship with head circumference. Congenital factors such as birth weight, birth length, AF size at birth, and gender were found associated with AFDC in healthy infants.

scholarly journals Perinatal characteristics and breast cancer risk in daughters: a Scandinavian population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Troisi ◽  
T. Grotmol ◽  
J. Jacobsen ◽  
S. Tretli ◽  
H.T. Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Birth Registries

The in utero origins of breast cancer are an increasing focus of research. However, the long time period between exposure and disease diagnosis, and the lack of standardized perinatal data collection makes this research challenging. We assessed perinatal factors, as proxies for in utero exposures, and breast cancer risk using pooled, population-based birth and cancer registry data. Birth registries provided information on perinatal exposures. Cases were females born in Norway, Sweden or Denmark who were subsequently diagnosed with primary, invasive breast cancer (n = 1419). Ten controls for each case were selected from the birth registries matched on country and birth year (n = 14,190). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional regression models. Breast cancer risk rose 7% (95% CI 2–13%) with every 500 g (roughly 1 s.d.) increase in birth weight and 7% for every 1 s.d. increase in birth length (95% CI 1–14%). The association with birth length was attenuated after adjustment for birth weight, while the increase in risk with birth weight remained with adjustment for birth length. Ponderal index and small- and large-for-gestational-age status were not better predictors of risk than either weight or length alone. Risk was not associated with maternal education or age, gestational duration, delivery type or birth order, or with several pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia. These data confirm the positive association between birth weight and breast cancer risk. Other pregnancy characteristics, including complications such as preeclampsia, do not appear to be involved in later breast carcinogenesis in young women.

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