Electromyographic and Systemic Physiological Thresholds in Single-Joint Elbow Flexion Movements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Markus Tilp ◽  
Lukas Kitzberger ◽  
Gudrun Schappacher-Tilp ◽  
Philipp Birnbaumer ◽  
Peter Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Close Relationship

Purpose: Reported relationships between electromyographic (EMG) thresholds and systemic thresholds based on lactate, ventilation, or heart rate are contradictory. This might be related to the complexity of the investigated whole-body movements involving many muscles with different activation patterns. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate these relationships during an incremental single-joint exercise. Methods: Eighteen male subjects (29.7 [4.4] y) performed single-arm elbow flexions on a biceps curl machine with loads increasing every minute until exhaustion. EMG signals of the main elbow flexors (short and long head of the biceps brachii, flexor carpi radialis, and brachioradialis) as well as gas exchange variables, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate were measured, and 2 turn points based on a 3-phase model of metabolism were determined for each variable. Results: The first and second turn points for EMG were determined at 32.0% to 33.1% and 64.4% to 66.5% of maximal achieved performance (maximum weight), respectively. Systemic turn points were determined at 33.3% to 34.4% and 65.9% to 66.7% of maximum weight and were not significantly different from EMG turn points. Furthermore, systemic and EMG turn points showed a strong or very strong relationship at the first (ρ = .54–.93, P < .05) and second turn point (ρ = .76–.93, P < .01). Conclusions: A close relationship between EMG and systemic turn points could be confirmed for the applied movement of a small muscle group. The determination of local single muscle thresholds using EMG provides additional muscle-specific information about performance-limiting properties of muscles involved in endurance-type incremental exercise.

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

scholarly journals Effects of a 2-km Swim on Markers of Cycling Performance in Elite Age-Group Triathletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Rothschild ◽  
George H. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Age Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 2-km swim on markers of subsequent cycling performance in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Fifteen participants (10 males, five females, 38.3 ± 8.4 years) performed two progressive cycling tests between two and ten days apart, one of which was immediately following a 2-km swim (33.7 ± 4.1 min). Cycling power at 4-mM blood lactate concentration decreased after swimming by an average of 3.8% (p = 0.03, 95% CI −7.7, 0.2%), while heart rate during submaximal cycling (220 W for males, 150 W for females) increased by an average of 4.0% (p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.7, 9.7%), compared to cycling without prior swimming. Maximal oxygen consumption decreased by an average of 4.0% (p = 0.01, 95% CI −6.5, −1.4%), and peak power decreased by an average of 4.5% (p < 0.01, 95% CI −7.3, −2.3%) after swimming, compared to cycling without prior swimming. Results from this study suggest that markers of submaximal and maximal cycling are impaired following a 2-km swim.

scholarly journals Fetal heart rate short term variation during labor in relation to scalp blood lactate concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1274-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Lu ◽  
Malin Holzmann ◽  
Fahrad Abtahi ◽  
Kaj Lindecrantz ◽  
Pelle G Lindqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Variation

Temporal sequence of recovery-related events following maximal exercise assessed by heart rate variability and blood lactate concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Akemi Hoshi ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Moacir Fernandes de Godoy ◽  
Fábio do Nascimento Bastos ◽  
Jayme Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Temporal Sequence

scholarly journals A multidisciplinary approach to overreaching detection in endurance trained athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Le Meur ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
Françoise Natta ◽  
Antoine Couturier ◽  
Frank Bignet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Running Pattern

In sport, high training load required to reach peak performance pushes human adaptation to their limits. In that process, athletes may experience general fatigue, impaired performance, and may be identified as overreached (OR). When this state lasts for several months, an overtraining syndrome is diagnosed (OT). Until now, no variable per se can detect OR, a requirement to prevent the transition from OR to OT. It encouraged us to further investigate OR using a multivariate approach, including physiological, biomechanical, cognitive, and perceptive monitoring. Twenty-four highly trained triathletes were separated into an overload group and a normo-trained group (NT) during 3 wk of training. Given the decrement of their running performance, 11 triathletes were diagnosed as OR after this period. A discriminant analysis showed that the changes of eight parameters measured during a maximal incremental test could explain 98.2% of the OR state (lactatemia, heart rate, biomechanical parameters and effort perception). Variations in heart rate and lactatemia were the two most discriminating factors. When the multifactorial analysis was restricted to these variables, the classification score reached 89.5%. Catecholamines and creatine kinase concentrations at rest did not change significantly in both groups. Running pattern was preserved and cognitive performance decrement was observed only at exhaustion in OR subjects. This study showed that monitoring various variables is required to prevent the transition between NT and OR. It emphasized that an OR index, which combines heart rate and blood lactate concentration changes after a strenuous training period, could be helpful to routinely detect OR.

scholarly journals Análisis de la intensidad de juego durante los partidos de play-off en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (Game intensity analysis of wheelchair basketball players during play-off matches)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Iturricastillo Urteaga ◽  
Javier Yanci Irigoyen ◽  
Itziar Barrenetxea Iriondo ◽  
Cristina Granados Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Los Grupos

El principal objetivo del estudio fue analizar la intensidad de juego en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR) durante los partidos de play-off. En este estudio participaron nueve jugadores masculinos de BSR de primera división (34,8 ± 7,8 años). En total se analizaron seis partidos y los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos según los minutos jugados: jugadores que jugaron 30-40 minutos (BSR30-40), jugadores que jugaron 20-29 minutos (BSR20-30) y los que jugaron entre 1 segundo y 19 minutos (BSR1-19). Durante todos los partidos se monitorizó la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), y además, se obtuvo la temperatura timpánica y la concentración de lactato sanguíneo antes e inmediatamente después de cada partido. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en todas las zonas de intensidad entre el grupo BSR30-40 y BSR1-19. Los jugadores BSR30-40 pasaron un 36,4% del tiempo total por encima del 85% de la FCmáx, mientras que los jugadores BSR20-30 y BSR1-19 solo pasaron un 16,1 y un 9,2% del tiempo total. En todos los grupos tanto la temperatura timpánica (1,5-2,0%, P<0,05) como la concentración de lactato (81,1-125,0%, P<0,05) aumentó significativamente. Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio exponen que los jugadores del grupo BSR30-40 pasaron mayor porcentaje de tiempo a alta intensidad (>85% de la FCmáx), con un aumento significativo de la temperatura y la concentración de lactato sanguíneo. Los entrenadores y preparadores físicos deberían tener en cuenta estas diferencias fisiológicas en función de los minutos jugados a la hora de planificar la temporada y los descansos post partido.Abstract. The main objective of the study was to analyze the game intensity in wheelchair basketball players (WB) during play-off matches. This study involved nine WB players of Spanish first division league (34.8 ± 7.8 years). Six play-off matches were analyzed and participants were divided into three groups according to the minutes they had played: players who had played between 30-40 minutes (WB30-40), players who had played between 20-30 minutes (WB20-30) and players who had played between 1 second and 20 minutes (WB1-19). For every game the heart rate (HR) was monitored by telemetry, and in addition, the tympanic temperature and blood lactate concentration samples were obtained before and immediately after each match. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in all intensity zones between WB30-40 and WB1-19 groups. The WB30-40 players spent 36.4% of the total time over 85% of maximum HR, while WB20-30 and WB1-19 players only spent 16.1 and 9.2% of the total time. Moreover, in all groups both tympanic temperature (from 1.5 to 2.0%, P<0.05) and lactate concentration (81.1 to 125.0%, P <0.05) increased significantly. The game intensity monitored by HR is different for WB players according to the minutes they had played (WB30-40, WB20-30 and WB1-19). The results of our study showed that the WB30-40 group obtained higher percentage of time spent at high intensity (> 85% of maximum HR) than other groups, with a significant increase in body temperature and blood lactate concentration. Coaches and physical trainers should be aware of these physiological differences when planning the season and post-match sessions.

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