Oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate concentration during a normal training session of an aerobic dance class

Purpose: To compare the cardiorespiratory responses of a traditional session of high-intensity interval training session with that of a session of similar duration and average load, but with decreasing workload within each bout in cyclists and runners. Methods: A total of 15 cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake [] 62 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) and 15 runners ( 58 [4] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed both sessions at the maximal common tolerable load on different days. The sessions consisted of four 4-minute intervals interspersed with 3 minutes of active recovery. Power output was held constant for each bout within the traditional day, whereas power started 40 W (2 km·h−1) higher and finished 40 W (2 km·h−1) lower than average within each bout of the decremental session. Results: Average oxygen uptake during the high-intensity intervals was higher in the decremental session in cycling (89 [4]% vs 86 [5]% of , P = .002) but not in running (91 [4]% vs 90 [4]% of , P = .38), as was the time spent >90% of and the time spent >90% of peak heart rate. Average heart rate (P < .001), pulmonary ventilation (P < .001), and blood lactate concentration (P < .001) were higher during the decremental sessions in both cycling and running. Conclusions: Higher levels of physiological perturbations were achieved during decremental sessions in both cycling and running. These differences were, however, more prominent in cycling, thus making cycling a more attractive modality for testing the effects of a training intervention.

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Session RPE During Prolonged Exercise Training

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 292-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrea Fusco ◽

Christine Knutson ◽

Charles King ◽

Richard P. Mikat ◽

John P. Porcari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Training Session ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Rest Period ◽

High Volume ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Constant Intensity

Purpose: Although the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is primarily a marker of internal training load (TL), it may be sensitive to external TL determining factors, such as duration and volume. Thus, sRPE could provide further information on accumulated fatigue not available from markers of internal TL. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sRPE during heavy training bouts at relatively constant intensity. Methods: Eleven university swimmers performed a high-volume training session consisting of 4 × 10 × 100-yd (4 × 10 × 91.4 m). Repetition lap time and heart rate were measured for each repetition and averaged for each set. Blood lactate concentration was measured after each set. At the end of each set, a 10-minute rest period was allowed, during which sRPE values were obtained, as if the training bout had ended. Results: There were no differences between sets for lap time (P = .096), heart rate (P = .717), and blood lactate concentration (P = .466), suggesting that the subjects were working at the same external and internal intensity. There was an increase (P = .0002) in sRPE between sets (first 4 [1.2], second 5 [1.3], third 7 [1.3], and fourth 8 [1.5]), suggesting that even when maintaining the same intensity, the perception of the entire workload increased with duration. Conclusions: Increases in duration, although performed with a consistent internal and external intensity, influences sRPE. These findings support the concept that sRPE may provide additional information on accumulated fatigue not available from other markers of TL.

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Comparison of perceptual and physiological variables of running on a track, motorized treadmill, and non-motorized curved treadmill at increasing velocity

Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis ◽

10.12697/akut.2016.22.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Veronika Myran Wee ◽

Erna Von Heimburg ◽

Roland Van den Tillaar

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

The Difference

The aim of this study was to compare perceptual and physiological variables between running on three different modalities — an indoor athletics track, a motorized treadmill, and a non-motorized curved treadmill — for 1000 m at three different velocities. Ten male athletes (age 24±3 years, body mass 69.8±6.91 kg, height 1.80±0.06 m, VO2peak 69.0±6.70 ml/kg/ min) conducted three 1000 m laps at increasing velocity on three different running modalities. The athletes had a 3-minute recovery between each lap, where the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered and the blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured. Oxygen uptake was measured using a portable metabolic analyser. The physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (RPE) variables were higher when running on a non-motorized curved treadmill compared with running on the track or a motorized treadmill. No differences were found between running on a motorized treadmill and the track except for the RPE, which was lower when running on the track compared with the motorized treadmill. Running on a non-motorized curved treadmill at three different velocities results in a higher oxygen uptake (37%) and heart rate (22%) and is subjectively much harder than running on a track or a motorized treadmill at the same velocities. The difference is around 4 km/h when comparing the physiological and perceptual responses. Thus, when performing training sessions on a non-motorized curved treadmill, subjects should subtract 4 km/h from their regular pace on a track or motorized treadmill to get the same response considering oxygen uptake, heart rate, RPE and blood lactate concentration.

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Physical Training in Sedentary Middle-aged and Older Men II. Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Blood Lactate Concentration at Submaximal and Maximal Exercise

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365516909080169 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 323-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

B. Saltin ◽

L. H. Hartley ◽

Åsa Kilbom ◽

Irma Åstrand

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Physical Training ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Older Men ◽

Middle Aged

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The High-Pull Exercise: A Comparison Between a VersaPulley Flywheel Device and the Free Weight

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 527-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Javier Núñez ◽

Luis J. Suarez-Arrones ◽

Paul Cater ◽

Alberto Mendez-Villanueva

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Training Session ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Free Weight ◽

Force Velocity ◽

S Peak ◽

Rugby Players ◽

Eccentric Overload

The aim of this study was to examine the kinematics and kinetics (force, velocity, and acceleration) and blood lactate concentration with the VersaPulley (VP) device in comparison with free-weight (FW) exercise at a similar external load. Fifteen rugby players randomly performed 2 training sessions of 6 sets of 6 repetitions with 20 s of recovery between sets of the high-pull exercise with the VP and the FW. The training sessions were separated by 72 h. Barbell displacement (cm), peak velocity (m/s), peak acceleration (m/s2), mean propulsive velocity (m/s), mean propulsive acceleration (m/s2), propulsive phase (%), and mean and maximal force (N) were continuously recorded during each repetition. Blood lactate concentration was measured after each training session (end) and 3 min and 5 min later. Barbell displacement (+4.8%, small ES), peak velocity (+4.5% small ES), mean propulsive acceleration (+8.8%, small ES), and eccentric force (+26.7, large ES) were substantially higher with VP than with FW. Blood lactate concentration was also greater after the VP exercise (end +32.9%, 3 min later +36%, 5 min later +33.8%; large ES). Maximal concentric force was substantially higher with FW than VP during the 6th set (+6.4%, small ES). In the cohort and exercise investigated in the current study, VP training can be considered an efficient training device to induce an accentuated eccentric overload and augmented metabolic demands (ie, blood lactate concentration).

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Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0252 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Nicola Giovanelli ◽

Lara Mari ◽

Asia Patini ◽

Stefano Lazzer

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Vertical Velocity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Average Intensity ◽

Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽

Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

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Effects of a 2-km Swim on Markers of Cycling Performance in Elite Age-Group Triathletes

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7040082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Jeffrey Rothschild ◽

George H. Crocker

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Age Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 2-km swim on markers of subsequent cycling performance in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Fifteen participants (10 males, five females, 38.3 ± 8.4 years) performed two progressive cycling tests between two and ten days apart, one of which was immediately following a 2-km swim (33.7 ± 4.1 min). Cycling power at 4-mM blood lactate concentration decreased after swimming by an average of 3.8% (p = 0.03, 95% CI −7.7, 0.2%), while heart rate during submaximal cycling (220 W for males, 150 W for females) increased by an average of 4.0% (p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.7, 9.7%), compared to cycling without prior swimming. Maximal oxygen consumption decreased by an average of 4.0% (p = 0.01, 95% CI −6.5, −1.4%), and peak power decreased by an average of 4.5% (p < 0.01, 95% CI −7.3, −2.3%) after swimming, compared to cycling without prior swimming. Results from this study suggest that markers of submaximal and maximal cycling are impaired following a 2-km swim.

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Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alessandro Piras ◽

Francesco Campa ◽

Stefania Toselli ◽

Rocco Di Michele ◽

Milena Raffi

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Strength Training ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Training Session ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Passive Recovery ◽

Partial Body

This investigation examined the effect of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) performed in the recovery time between a strength training and an interval running (IR) session. Nine rugby players (age, 23.7 ± 3.6 years; body mass index, 28.0 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) were randomly exposed to 2 different conditions: (i) PBC: 3 min at −160 °C, and (ii) passive recovery at 21 °C. We performed the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and recorded temperature and cardiac autonomic variables at 3 time points: at baseline, after strength training, and after 90 min of recovery. In addition, blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min before and 2.5 min after the IR. Heart rate (HR), energy cost, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and metabolic power were assessed during the IR. Homeostatic hydration status was affected by the execution of an intense strength training subsession. Then, after PBC, the BIA vector was restored close to normohydration status. Autonomic variables changed over time in both conditions, although the mean differences and effect sizes were greater in the PBC condition. During IR, HR was 3.5% lower after PBC, and the same result was observed for oxygen uptake (∼4.9% lower) and ventilation (∼6.5% lower). The energy cost measured after cryotherapy was ∼9.0% lower than after passive recovery. Cryotherapy enhances recovery after a single strength training session, and during subsequent IR, it shows a reduction in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters. PBC may be useful for those athletes who compete or train more than once in the same day, to improve recovery between successive training sessions or competitions.

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