Knee Strength Capabilities and Slip Severity

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Wyszomierski ◽  
April J. Chambers ◽  
Rakié Cham
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Muscle Moments

Slips and falls are a serious public health concern in older populations. Reduced muscle strength is associated with increased age and fall incidence. Understanding the relationships between specific joint muscle strength characteristics and propensity to slip is important to identify biomechanical factors responsible for slip-initiated falls and to improve slip/fall prevention programs. Knee corrective moments generated during slipping assist in balance recovery. Therefore, the study goal was to investigate the relationship between knee flexion/extension strength and slip severity. Isometric knee flexion/extension peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) of the slipping leg were measured in 29 young and 28 older healthy subjects. Motion data were collected for an unexpected slip during self-paced walking. Peak slip velocity (PSV) of the slipping heel served as a slip severity measure. Within-sex and age group regressions relating gait speed-controlled PSV to strength of the slipping leg revealed significant inverse PSV-knee extension peak torque and PSV-knee flexion/extension RTD relationships in young males only. Differences in PSV-strength relationships between sex and age groups may be caused by greater ranges of strength capabilities in young males. In conclusion, the ability to generate higher, more rapid knee flexion/extension muscle moments (greater peak torque/RTD) may assist in recovery from severe slips.

Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus during a Single Leg Squat

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Claiborne ◽  
Charles W. Armstrong ◽  
Varsha Gandhi ◽  
Danny M. Pincivero
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Single Leg Squat

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hip and knee strength, and valgus knee motion during a single leg squat. Thirty healthy adults (15 men, 15 women) stood on their preferred foot, squatted to approximately 60 deg of knee flexion, and returned to the standing position. Frontal plane knee motion was evaluated using 3-D motion analysis. During Session 2, isokinetic (60 deg/sec) concentric and eccentric hip (abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation) and knee (flexion/extension) strength was evaluated. The results demonstrated that hip abduction (r2= 0.13), knee flexion (r2= 0.18), and knee extension (r2= 0.14) peak torque were significant predictors of frontal plane knee motion. Significant negative correlations showed that individuals with greater hip abduction (r= –0.37), knee flexion (r= –0.43), and knee extension (r= –0.37) peak torque exhibited less motion toward the valgus direction. Men exhibited significantly greater absolute peak torque for all motions, excluding eccentric internal rotation. When normalized to body mass, men demonstrated significantly greater strength than women for concentric hip adduction and flexion, knee flexion and extension, and eccentric hip extension. The major findings demonstrate a significant role of hip muscle strength in the control of frontal plane knee motion.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan Su ◽  
Nai-Jen Chang ◽  
Wen-Lan Wu ◽  
Lan-Yuen Guo ◽  
I-Hua Chu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling

Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.

Sex Differences in Lower Limb Proprioception and Mechanical Function Among Healthy Adults

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-587
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Hu ◽  
Jingxian Li ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Limb Proprioception

Twenty-four healthy adults, including 12 females and 12 males, participated in the study. Each female participant completed three trials in three different phases of one menstrual cycle, which included follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases. The study aimed to investigate whether there is any difference in joint kinetic sense, neuromuscular coordination, and isokinetic muscle strength (a) between healthy males and females at different phases of the menstrual cycle and (b) between females at different phases of the menstrual cycle. The outcome measures included the number of jumps in the square-hop test and ankle and knee proprioception, which were assessed by an electric-driven movable frame rotated at 0.4 deg/s and isokinetic muscle strength measured by a computerized dynamometer (Biodex). For the square-hop test (p = .006), ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (p < .05), knee flexion/extension (p < .05), the relative peak torque of the isokinetic muscle strength at the 60° and 180° knee flexion/extension (p < .001), and the 30° and 120° ankle plantar flexion/dorsiflexion (p < .05) between females and males showed significant differences. For the females at different phases of the menstrual cycle, significant differences were found on ankle dorsiflexion (p = .003), plantar flexion (p = .023), knee extension (p = .029), the square-hop test (p = .036), and relative peak torque of isokinetic muscle strength at 180° knee flexion (p = .029). This study demonstrated that there are sex differences in lower limb proprioception and mechanical function. Females at ovulatory and luteal phases have better lower limb proprioception than at the follicular phase.

scholarly journals Reliability of a New Portable Dynamometer for Assessing Hip and Lower Limb Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Jan Marušič ◽  
Goran Marković ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Maximal Peak

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-session reliability of the new, portable, and externally fixated dynamometer called MuscleBoard® for assessing the strength of hip and lower limb muscles. Hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion, and Nordic hamstring exercise strength were measured in three sessions (three sets of three repetitions for each test) on 24 healthy and recreationally active participants. Average and maximal value of normalized peak torque (Nm/kg) from three repetitions in each set and agonist:antagonist ratios (%) were statistically analyzed; the coefficient of variation and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,k) were calculated to assess absolute and relative reliability, respectively. Overall, the results display high to excellent intra- and inter-session reliability with low to acceptable within-individual variation for average and maximal peak torques in all bilateral strength tests, while the reliability of unilateral strength tests was moderate to good. Our findings indicate that using the MuscleBoard® dynamometer can be a reliable device for assessing and monitoring bilateral and certain unilateral hip and lower limb muscle strength, while some unilateral strength tests require some refinement and more extensive familiarization.

scholarly journals Muscle Strength Variations of Knee Joint Muscles in Elite Female Handball Players after Pre-Season Conditioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Gonosova ◽  
Petr Stastny ◽  
Jan Belka ◽  
Lucia Bizovska ◽  
Michal Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Abstract Monitoring seasonal variations in strength performance and the relative risk of injury indicators related to strength of hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) in female elite athletes is beneficial for the training process. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the level of muscle strength, the conventional ratio (HCONC/QCONC) as well as two functional and strength ratios reflecting the movement of knee extension (HECC/QCONC) and flexion (HCONC/QECC), and the bilateral percentage strength deficit (BSD) in elite female handball players. The concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque was measured at an angular velocity of 60°/s on three occasions (in-season cessation, 4 weeks of rest followed by 4 weeks of individual conditioning and 6 weeks of group conditioning) in eleven female handball players (age: 23.1 ± 3.5 years, body height: 1.73 ± 0.6 m). According to ANOVA results, the BSD of H muscles in the concentric mode decreased between the in-season cessation and the end of the pre-season, and HCONC/QCONC increased at the beginning of the pre-season and at the end of the pre-season in comparison with inseason cessation measurement. The effect size analyses showed that the off-season rest followed by 10 weeks of the conditioning programme increased Q and H strength in comparison with the previous season with a large effect. Coaches should include progressive conditioning in the pre-season phase to decrease the bilateral strength deficit and to support further conditioning development.

scholarly journals Association of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) with Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Ji Kim ◽  
Byeong-Hun Kang ◽  
Soo-Hyun Park ◽  
Bokyoung Kim ◽  
Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Womac Function

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between muscle strength and knee symptoms (pain, stiffness, and functional limitation) regardless of the presence of radiologic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) in community-dwelling elderly. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Namgaram-2 cohort. The Namgaram-2 cohort consisted of participants living in three rural communities. Such participants were included for studies on activity limitation due to age-related musculoskeletal disorders including knee osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), a health assessment tool for patients with arthritis in lower extremities, was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Muscle strengths were measured by knee strength (by using the isokinetic dynamometer) and hand grip strength. Results: The WOMAC pain of Kallgren–Lawrence (K/L) grade < 2 was correlated with age, grip strength, nutrition status, and knee extension 180 peak torque. The WOMAC pain of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with age, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC stiffness of K/L grade < 2 was correlated with having a spouse, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC stiffness of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC function of K/L grade < 2 was correlated with age, grip strength, osteoporosis, nutrition status, and knee extension 180 peak torque. The WOMAC function of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with age, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. Conclusion: Muscle strength as measured by grip strength and knee extension was statistically significantly correlated with the WOMAC scores in patients with knee symptoms regardless of whether radiologic signs of knee osteoarthritis were observed.

scholarly journals KNEE ISOKINETIC TORQUE IMBALANCE IN FEMALE FUTSAL PLAYERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina de Mello Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Nathália Arnosti Vieira ◽  
Ana Lorena Marche ◽  
Juliana Exel Santana ◽  
Marco Aurélio Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Isokinetic Torque ◽  
Extensor Torque ◽  
Joint Range

ABSTRACT Introduction: The specificity of sports training can lead to muscle specialization with a possible change in the natural hamstring/quadriceps torque ratio (HQ ratio), constituting a risk factor for muscle injury at the joint angles in which muscle imbalance may impair dynamic stability. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the torque distribution of the hamstrings and quadriceps and the HQ ratio throughout the range of motion in order to identify possible muscle imbalances at the knee of female futsal athletes. Methods: Nineteen amateur female futsal athletes had their dominant limb HQ ratio evaluated in a series of five maximum repetitions of flexion/extension of the knee at 180°/second in the total joint range of motion (30° to 80°). The peak flexor and extensor torque and the HQ ratio (%) were compared each 5° of knee motion using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05) to determine the joint angles that present muscular imbalance. Results: Quadriceps torque was higher than 50° to 60° of knee flexion, while hamstrings torque was higher than 55° to 65°. The HQ ratio presented lower values than 30° to 45° of knee flexion and four athletes presented values lower than 60%, which may represent a risk of injury. However, the HQ ratio calculated by the peak torque showed only one athlete with less than 60%. Conclusion: The HQ ratio analyzed throughout the knee range of motion allowed identifying muscle imbalance at specific joint angles in female futsal players.

Lower-Extremity Isokinetic Strength Profiling in Professional Rugby League and Rugby Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Brown ◽  
Matt Brughelli ◽  
Peter C. Griffiths ◽  
John B. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Hip Extension

Purpose:While several studies have documented isokinetic knee strength in junior and senior rugby league players, investigations of isokinetic knee and hip strength in professional rugby union players are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide lower-extremity strength profiles and compare isokinetic knee and hip strength of professional rugby league and rugby union players.Participants:32 professional rugby league and 25 professional rugby union players.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque and strength ratios of the dominant and nondominant legs during seated knee-extension/flexion and supine hip-extension/flexion actions at 60°/s.Results:Forwards from both codes were taller and heavier and had a higher body-mass index than the backs of each code. Rugby union forwards produced significantly (P < .05) greater peak torque during knee flexion in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.81 and 2.02) compared with rugby league forwards. Rugby league backs produced significantly greater hip-extension peak torque in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 0.83 and 0.77) compared with rugby union backs. There were no significant differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios between code, position, or leg. Rugby union forwards and backs produced significantly greater knee-flexion-to-hip-extension ratios in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.49–2.26) than rugby union players.Conclusions:It seems that the joint torque profiles of players from rugby league and union codes differ, which may be attributed to the different demands of each code.

scholarly journals Effects of Chemotherapy Treatment on Muscle Strength, Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Anxiety in Women with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor A. Marques ◽  
João B. Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Thiago V. Lemos ◽  
Rafael F. Moraes ◽  
José Roberto de S. Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy treatment on muscle strength, quality of life, fatigue, and anxiety in women with breast cancer. Nineteen women who were undergoing a chemotherapy treatment (breast cancer treatment [BCT] group, 52.2 ± 13.1 years) and 18 women without cancer (control [CNT] group, 55.8 ± 8.4 years) answered questionnaires for evaluation of fatigue (Fatigue Scale), quality of life (Short-Form Healthy Survey [SF-36] questionnaire), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [IDATE]) levels. Muscle strength was also assessed by an isometric grip test and an isokinetic knee extension test. Physical limitations, social and emotional domains of quality of life were lower in the BCT group in comparison to the CNT group (p = 0.002; p = 0.003; p = 0.0003, respectively). The other domains did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). There were no differences in fatigue and anxiety levels between both the BCT and CNT groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, isometric grip strength was higher in the CNT group when compared to the BCT group (p = 0.048). However, there were no differences between the BCT and CNT groups for peak torque and total work at both 60°.s−1 (p = 0.95 and p = 0.61, respectively) and 180°.s−1 (p = 0.94 and p = 0.72, respectively). These results suggest that three cycles of chemotherapy treatment may impair handgrip isometric strength and quality of life in women with breast cancer.

scholarly journals A comparison of wrist isokinetic muscle strength in wheelchair table tennis and wheelchair basketball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0006
Author(s):  
Bihter Akınoğlu ◽  
Tuğba Kocahan ◽  
Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽  
Çağlar Soylu ◽  
Ufuk Apur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Wrist Flexors

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare isokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexor and extensor muscles in paralympic athletes. Methods: This study was carried out with the participation of 9 (4 females and 5 males) wheelchair (WC) table tennis players aged 24+3 and 8 male WC basketball players aged 26+3, met the criteria and voluntarly participate in the study. Body weight, height, body mass index and dominant extremity of the study subjects were recorded. İsokinetic measurement were performed with Isomed 2000® device. İsokinetic testing protocol; before the test all players performed the wrist flexion and extension isokinetic test with the 5 repeating at 90º/sec as a warm-up and comprehending the test. Then, wrist flexion and extension concentric-concentric strength measurements were performed with the 5 repeating at 60º/sec and with the 15 repeating at 240º/sec with the angle between 50 degrees of wrist flexion and 60 degrees of wrist extension and peak torque, peak torque/kg values and flexion/extension ratios were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare isokinetic muscle strength quantitative variables in athletes. Findings: Isokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexors and extensors was higher in both sides in WC table tennis players with 60º/sec speed (p<0,05). İsokinetic muscle strength of wrist flexors and extensors was higher in both sides in WC basketball players with 240º/sec speed (p<0,05). There was no significant difference statistically between the groups in isokinetic wrist flexion and extansion peak torque/kg ratio in all speeds (p>0,05). Wrist flexion/extension peak torque ratios were similar in both groups. When examining the athletes flexion/extension ratios, wrist extensor muscles were weaker than flexor muscles and flexor muscles were average twice stronger than extensor muscles in both sports ( Table1 ). [Table: see text] Results: We thought that imbalance of muscle strength in the wrist may have occurred because of the use of a WC and requiring the intensive wrist flexors in playing sports. In both groups wrist ekstansor muscles were found to be weaker than wrist flexors and flexor/extensor ratio was found to be imbalance. We believe that all athletes using WC such as WC table tennis and WC basketball players have a strenght imbalance in the muscle of the wrist and as a result, this situation will increase the possibility of injury. Therefore, our study showed that weakness of wrist extensors and imbalance of muscle stenght should be taken into account in WC athletes in athletic training and exercise programs.

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