Pelvic Kinematic Method for Determining Vertical Jump Height

Sacral marker and pelvis reconstruction methods have been proposed to approximate total body center of mass during relatively low intensity gait and hopping tasks, but not during a maximum effort vertical jumping task. In this study, center of mass displacement was calculated using the pelvic kinematic method and compared with center of mass displacement using the ground-reaction force-impulse method, in experienced athletes (n= 13) performing restricted countermovement vertical jumps. Maximal vertical jumps were performed in a biomechanics laboratory, with data collected using an 8-camera motion analysis system and two force platforms. The pelvis center of mass was reconstructed from retro-reflective markers placed on the pelvis. Jump height was determined from the peak height of the pelvis center of mass minus the standing height. Strong linear relationships were observed between the pelvic kinematic and impulse methods (R2= .86;p< .01). The pelvic kinematic method underestimated jump height versus the impulse method, however, the difference was small (CV = 4.34%). This investigation demonstrates concurrent validity for the pelvic kinematic method to determine vertical jump height.

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Vertical jump fatigue does not affect intersegmental coordination and segmental contribution

Motriz Revista de Educação Física ◽

10.1590/s1980-65742014000300009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gleber Pereira ◽

Paulo B. de Freitas ◽

Jose A. Barela ◽

Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽

André L. F. Rodacki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Coordination Pattern ◽

Jump Height ◽

Movement Duration ◽

Intersegmental Coordination ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Movement Synergy ◽

Vertical Jumps

The aim of this study was to describe the intersegmental coordination and segmental contribution during intermittent vertical jumps performed until fatigue. Seven male visited the laboratory on two occasions: 1) the maximum vertical jump height was determined followed by vertical jumps habituation; 2) participants performed intermittent countermovement jumps until fatigue. Kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded. The overall reduction in vertical jump height was 5,5%, while the movement duration increased 10% during the test. The thigh segment angle at movement reversal significantly increased as the exercise progressed. Non-significant effect of fatigue on movement synergy was found for the intersegmental coordination pattern. More than 90% of the intersegmental coordination was explained by one coordination pattern. Thigh rotation contributed the most to the intersegmental coordination pattern, with the trunk second and the shank the least. Therefore, one intersegmental coordination pattern is followed throughout the vertical jumps until fatigue and thigh rotation contributes the most to jump height.

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Ankle Orthosis-induced Decrease in Repetitive Rebound Jump Height: Relationship With Restriction in Sagittal Ankle Range of Motion

10.21203/rs.3.rs-892632/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Morikawa Masanori ◽

Maeda Noriaki ◽

Komiya Makoto ◽

Kobayashi Toshiki ◽

Urabe Yukio

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Athletic Performance ◽

Contact Time ◽

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Jump Height ◽

Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Vertical Ground

Abstract Background: Ankle orthotics decreases the maximal vertical jump height. It is essential to maximize jump height and minimize ground contact time during athletic performance. However, the effect of ankle orthotics on athletic performance has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of ankle orthotics on squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and repetitive rebound jump (RJ) performance and the relationship between jump performance and restriction in sagittal ankle range of motion. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers performed SJ, CMJ, repetitive RJ under no-orthosis and two orthotic conditions (orthosis 1 and orthosis 2). During SJ and CMJ, we measured the vertical ground reaction force and calculated the following parameters: jump height, peak vertical ground reaction force, rate of force development, net vertical impulse, and peak power. During repetitive RJ, the jump height, contact time, and RJ index were measured. A two-dimensional motion analysis was used to quantify the ankle range of motion in the sagittal plane during SJ, CMJ, and repetitive RJ. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance and the post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the vertical jump height (p = 0.003), peak power (p = 0.007), and maximum plantarflexion and dorsiflexion angles (p <0.001) during SJ using orthosis 2 compared to those using the no-orthosis condition. Additionally, orthosis 2 significantly decreased the jump height at the end of repetitive RJ (p = 0.046), during which a significant negative correlation was found between jump height and maximum dorsiflexion angle (r = 0.485, p = 0.030). Conclusions: An ankle orthosis-induced restriction of dorsiflexion is associated with a reduction in jump height during static jump and repetitive RJ performance.

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Effect of Landing Posture on Jump Height Calculated from Flight Time

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10030776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 776 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daichi Yamashita ◽

Munenori Murata ◽

Yuki Inaba

Keyword(s):

Vertical Velocity ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Flight Time ◽

Whole Body ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Jump Height ◽

Postural Changes

Flight time is widely used to calculate jump height because of its simple and inexpensive application. However, this method is known to give different results than the calculation from vertical velocity at takeoff. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of postural changes between takeoff and landing on the jump height from flight time. Twenty-seven participants performed three vertical jumps with arm swing. Three-dimensional coordinates of anatomical landmarks and the ground reaction force were analyzed. Two methods of calculating jump height were used: (1) the vertical velocity of the whole-body center of mass (COMwb) at takeoff and (2) flight time. The jump height from flight time was overestimated by 0.025 m compared to the jump height from the takeoff velocity (p < 0.05) due to the lower COMwb height at landing by −0.053 m (p < 0.05). The postural changes in foot, shank, and arm segments mainly contributed to decreasing the COMwb height (−0.025, −0.014, and −0.017 m, respectively). The flight time method is reliable and had low intra-participant variability, but it cannot be recommended for a vertical jump when comparing with others (such as at tryouts) because of the potential “cheating” effect of differences in landing posture.

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Effects Of Different Levels Of Assisted Jumping On Vertical Jump Height And Relative Ground Reaction Force

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000384662.00137.eb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 370-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tai T. Tran ◽

Lee E. Brown ◽

Jared W. Coburn ◽

Scott K. Lynn ◽

Nicole C. Dabbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Reaction Force ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Jump Height ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Different Levels

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Efecto de modificar la profundidad y velocidad del contramovimiento durante el salto vertical (Effects of countermovement depth and velocity modifications during the vertical jump)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i34.64854 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 287-290

Author(s):

Alberto Sánchez-Sixto ◽

Julio López-Álvarez ◽

Pablo Floría

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Jump Height ◽

Downward Movement ◽

Movement Velocity ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Mass Displacement ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Initial Force ◽

Propulsion Phase

Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de modificar la profundidad y la velocidad del contramovimiento en el salto vertical. Material y método. Once jugadores de deportes colectivos participaron en este estudio y realizaron 9 saltos con contramovimiento: 3 en los que ellos seleccionaban la velocidad y profundidad del contramovimiento (CMJ), 3 en los que incrementaban la profundidad del contramovimiento y seleccionaban libremente su velocidad (CMJP) y 3 en los que incrementaban la profundidad y velocidad del contramovimiento (CMJPR). La altura máxima, el tiempo, la fuerza, la velocidad y el desplazamiento del centro de masas fueron calculadas durante la fase de contramovimiento y de propulsión. Resultados. No se encontraron mejoras substanciales entre ninguno de los tres tipos de salto llevados a cabo por los participantes. En el CMJPR se consiguió incrementar substancialmente la fuerza máxima y la fuerza inicial con respecto al CMJ. En el CMJP todas las variables de fuerza fueron inferiores que en el CMJ. El tiempo de la fase de contramovimiento fue inferior en el CMJ en comparación con el CMJP, no existiendo diferencias con el CMJPR. El tiempo de la fase de propulsión fue inferior en el CMJ en comparación con los otros dos saltos. Conclusión. Incrementos en la profundidad del contramovimiento del CMJ a través de una orden simple, no fueron capaces de conseguir un aumento del rendimiento en el salto vertical en la presente investigación.Abstract. Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of countermovement depth and velocity modification in the vertical jump. Materials and methods. Eleven team sport players participated in this investigation performing nine countermovement jumps: 3 self-selected countermovement jumps (CMJ), 3 countermovement jumps with a deeper countermovement depth (CMJP) and 3 countermovement jumps with a deeper countermovement depth and a higher downward movement velocity (CMJPR). Jump height, time, force, velocity and center of mass displacement were measured during the countermovement and the propulsion phase. Results. No differences in jump height were found between the three types of jump. CMJPR showed a substantial increase in maximum force and initial force in comparison with the CMJ. CMJP force variables were lower than the values obtained during the CMJ. The time of the countermovement phase was lower in the CMJ in comparison with the CMJP, and no differences were found between the CMJ and the CMJPR. The time of the propulsion phase was lower than the other countermovement jumps performed. Conclusion. Increases in the countermovement depth of the CMJ through a simple instruction did not increase the vertical jump performance in the present investigation.

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Optimum Drop Jump Height in Division III Athletes: Under 75% of Vertical Jump Height

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0043-114011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 842-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hsien-Te Peng ◽

Cong Khuat ◽

Thomas Kernozek ◽

Brian Wallace ◽

Shin-Liang Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Force ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Jump Height ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Division Iii ◽

Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽

Joint Power ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Vertical Ground

AbstractOur purpose was to evaluate the vertical ground reaction force, impulse, moments and powers of hip, knee and ankle joints, contact time, and jump height when performing a drop jump from different drop heights based on the percentage of a performer’s maximum vertical jump height (MVJH). Fifteen male Division III athletes participated voluntarily. Eleven synchronized cameras and two force platforms were used to collect data. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance tests were used to examine the differences between drop heights. The maximum hip, knee and ankle power absorption during 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than those during 75%MVJH. The impulse during landing at 100%MVJH, 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than 75%MVJH. The vertical ground reaction force during 150%MVJH was greater than 50%MVJH, 75%MVJH and 100%MVJH. Drop height below 75%MVJH had the most merits for increasing joint power output while having a lower impact force, impulse and joint power absorption. Drop height of 150%MVJH may not be desirable as a high-intensity stimulus due to the much greater impact force, increasing the risk of injury, without increasing jump height performance.

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Effect of Knee Compression on Kinetic Variables During Vertical Jumps

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/prolas-2018-0045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 327-333

Author(s):

Seung Hyun Hyun ◽

Hyeonseong Jin

Keyword(s):

Loading Rate ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Passive Force ◽

Active Force ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Vertical Jumps ◽

Compression Condition

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how knee compression affected kinetic variables during vertical jumps. Ten healthy males, age 20s, performed a single maximum vertical jump and a ten-consecutive vertical jump trial without knee compression (control condition) and with knee compression. The collected data of ground reaction force were used to analyse the vertical jump height (VJH), peak active force (PAF), decay rate (DR), peak passive force (PPF), loading rate (LR), and the coefficient of variation (CV). During a maximum vertical jump, knee compression increased the magnitudes of DR, PAF, and VJH by 19.8%, 3.41%, and 4.87%, respectively, compared to those under a control condition. During ten consecutive vertical jumps, PAF and VJH showed statistically significant difference according to the repetition count. Also, the mean and CV of PAF, DR, LR, and VJH over consecutive jumps were higher in magnitude under knee compression condition than under the control condition.

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Physical and performance characteristics related to starter status, position, and division in Japanese collegiate American-football players

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-200222 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Junta Iguchi ◽

Minoru Matsunami ◽

Tatsuya Hojo ◽

Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽

Kenji Kuzuhara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Jump Height ◽

Test Results ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Division 1 ◽

And Performance

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the variations in body composition and performance in Japanese collegiate American-football players. OBJECTIVE: To clarify what characterizes competitors at the highest levels – in the top division or on the starting lineup – we compared players’ body compositions and performance test results. METHODS: This study included 172 players. Each player’s body composition and performance (one-repetition maximum bench press, one-repetition maximum back squat, and vertical jump height) were measured; power was estimated from vertical jump height and body weight. Players were compared according to status (starter vs. non-starter), position (skill vs. linemen), and division (1 vs. 2). Regression analysis was performed to determine characteristics for being a starter. RESULTS: Players in higher divisions and who were starters were stronger and had more power, greater body size, and better performance test results. Players in skill positions were relatively stronger than those in linemen positions. Vertical jump height was a significant predictor of being a starter in Division 1. CONCLUSION: Power and vertical jump may be a deciding factor for playing as a starter or in a higher division.

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