The Association of Positive and Negative Affect and Exercise Self-Efficacy in Older Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn V. Ostir ◽  
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield ◽  
Suzanne Leveille ◽  
Stefano Volpato ◽  
Jack M. Guralnik
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Independent Association

This study investigated whether positive or negative affect has an independent association with exercise self-efficacy. Participants (N= 324) age 75-85 were classified as high or at-risk performers, and three exercise-self-efficacy items (scored 1-10) were assessed. For at-risk performers, positive affect was significantly associated with confidence in the ability to perform strength and flexibility (b= 0.83,SE= 0.23,p= .001) and aerobic exercise (b= 0.59,SE= 0.28,p= .04) and with the perception that exercise would not worsen preexisting symptoms (b= 0.73,SE= 0.24,p= .001). Among high performers, nonsignificant associations were found for positive and negative affect and exercise-self-efficacy. For at-risk performers, higher positive affect was associated with an increased odds ratio of 2.72 for scoring 10 on the muscle strength and flexibility item, 4.08 on the aerobic item, and 2.94 on the item assessing preexisting symptoms. The results suggest that improving at-risk older adults’ positive affect might increase their participation in exercise.

scholarly journals Association of Affect and Gait Performance in Dual-Task Walking in Non-Demented Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Deepan Guharajan ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Aging populations are at increased risk to experience mobility disability, which is associated with falls, frailty, and mortality. Previous studies have not examined the concurrent associations of both positive and negative affect with gait velocity. We examined whether individual differences in positive and negative affect predicted dual-task performance decrements in velocity in a dual-task (DT) paradigm in non-demented older adults. We hypothesize that positive affect would be associated with lower DT costs, and negative affect would be associated with higher DT costs. Participants (N = 403; mean age, = 76.22 (6.55); females = 56%) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a DT paradigm that involved three task conditions: Single-Task-Walk (STW), Alpha (cognitive interference requiring participants to recite alternate letters of the alphabet), and Dual-Task-Walk (DTW) requiring participant to perform the two single tasks concurrently. Gait velocity was assessed via an instrumented walkway. As expected, results of a linear mixed effects model (LME) showed a significant decline in gait velocity (cm/s) from STW to DTW (estimate = -11.79; 95%CI = -12.82 to -10.77). LME results further revealed that negative affect was associated with greater decline in gait velocity from STW to DTW (ie., worse DT cost) (estimate = -0.38; 95%CI = -0.73 to -0.03). Positive affect did not, however, predict DT costs in gait velocity (estimate = -0.09; 95%CI = -0.23 to 0.05). These findings suggest that increased negative affect interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands inherent in the DT paradigm.

The association between psychological factors and pain exacerbations in hip osteoarthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Fu ◽  
Ben Metcalf ◽  
Kim L Bennell ◽  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Leticia A Deveza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Minimal Important Change ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing Scale ◽  
Stress Scale

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association between psychological factors and pain exacerbations in people with hip OA. Methods Eligible participants with symptomatic hip OA were instructed to complete online questionnaires every 10 days over a 90-day follow-up period. In addition, they were required to complete the questionnaire whenever they perceived they were experiencing a hip pain exacerbation. Hip pain exacerbation was defined as an increase of 2 points in pain intensity compared with baseline on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0–10). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were used to evaluate psychological factors. The associations of these with risk of hip pain exacerbation were examined by conditional logistic regression. Results Of 252 participants recruited, 131 (52.0%) contributed both case and control period data and were included in the analysis. A significant association was found between Pain Catastrophizing Scale overall score (1 point increase) with hip pain exacerbations (odds ratio: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11). An increase of a minimal important change (5.5 points) of Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire score was associated with a lower odds of pain exacerbations (odds ratio: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.85). No significant associations were found between Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items or Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scores with hip pain exacerbations. Conclusion Both pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy beliefs were associated with pain exacerbations in people with hip OA, but other psychological factors including depression, anxiety and stress or positive and negative affects, were not associated with pain exacerbations.

scholarly journals LINKS BETWEEN POSITIVE AFFECT AND DISENGAGEMENT FROM NEGATIVE STIMULI IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
Kathryn L Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Abstract Older adults attend to more positive than negative content compared to younger adults; this “age-related positivity” effect is often thought of as a way older adults may be regulating their moods. However, attentional disengagement abilities decline with age, which may make positive looking more challenging for older adults in some cases. To evaluate links between early attentional processes and affect, 48 younger adult and 49 older adult participants reported levels of positive and negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and completed a spatial cueing task evaluating attentional orienting and disengagement from emotional stimuli. Participants were tasked with responding to the location of a spatial target after seeing a cue (emotional image) that either appeared on the same (orienting) or opposite (disengagement) side of the screen. Multilevel modeling analyses were conducted using age and self-reported affect from the PANAS as predictors at level-2, and trial characteristics as predictors at level-1. Positive affect (PA) was unrelated to task performance for younger adults. Older adults reporting higher PA responded more slowly overall, and higher PA scores predicted similar response times to positive and negative stimuli on both trial types. Older adults reporting lower PA oriented attention more quickly to positive stimuli, but took longer to disengage from negative. These results suggest that there may be a relationship between the ability to flexibly disengage from negative content and PA for older, but not younger adults, and also highlight the importance of teasing apart specific attentional processes when evaluating positivity effects.

scholarly journals Predicting Control Beliefs in Older Adults: A Micro-Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. e1-e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Alyssa A Gamaldo ◽  
Shevaun D Neupert ◽  
Jason C Allaire
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control

Abstract Objectives The present study examined potential sources of intra- and inter-individual differences in older adults’ control beliefs using a micro-longitudinal design. Method Older adults (n = 205) ranging in age from 60 to 94 (M = 72.70, SD = 6.72) completed 8 in-person testing sessions within 3 weeks which included assessments of control beliefs (Locus of Control and Perceived Competence), physical health (physical symptoms and sleep self-efficacy), stressors, emotional well-being (Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and cognition (basic cognition tests, everyday cognition, and memory failures). Results Multilevel models indicated that on days when older adults had higher sleep self-efficacy, more positive affect, and less negative affect, they also had more internal locus of control and higher perceived competence. Having stressors on the previous occasion was associated with lower internal locus of control on the subsequent occasion. Physical symptoms, everyday cognition, and memory failures could be predictive of locus of control for some older adults. Discussion Our findings showed the differentiated antecedents of locus of control and perceived competence, the unique role of sleep self-efficacy, positive affect, and negative affect in understanding antecedents of both, as well as the need to study well-being and cognition antecedents of control beliefs in future studies.

scholarly journals Impact of Affect on Lung Transplant Candidate Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Pennington ◽  
Roberto P. Benzo ◽  
Terry D. Schneekloth ◽  
Marie Budev ◽  
Satish Chandrashekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Positivity Ratio ◽  
Transplant Candidate ◽  
Transplant Candidates

Background: We examined the association of adult lung transplant candidates’ self-reported affect with transplant-related outcomes, evaluating whether a positive (vs negative) frame of mind might be protective. Method: Consenting waitlisted candidates from 6 centers completed the questionnaires including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule annually and posttransplant. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of baseline affect with outcomes of death or delisting. Models were subsequently adjusted for age, marital status, and education. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 169 candidates (77.9% participation). Mean positive affect, negative affect, and positive-to-negative affect ratio (positivity ratio) were similar to expected norms. The scores of the questionnaire did not change significantly over time. Fifteen (8.9%) waitlisted participants died. Candidates who died while waiting had lower positivity ratios compared to those who survived (1.82 vs 2.45; P = .02). A more negative affect was associated with increased death on the waiting list (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.10; P = .021). Conversely, a higher positivity ratio was associated with decreased death while waiting (adjusted OR: 0.45; P = .027). Conclusion: Negative affect may represent a novel risk factor for death on the waitlist. Enhancing positive affect may represent a useful target for psychological optimization in lung transplant candidates.

Joint effects of creative self-efficacy, positive and negative affect on creative performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas G. Thundiyil ◽  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Dave T. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
Creative Self ◽  
Positive And Negative Affects

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test a model connecting Chinese employees’ positive and negative affect and creative self-efficacy with supervisor-rated creative performance in Chinese business. Building on the cognitive tuning theory, this paper answers several calls for research to examine the joint effects of positive and negative affects on creative performance in the China business environment. Design/methodology/approach The participants were drawn from one of the largest petrochemical companies in China. We drew 459 leader-subordinate dyads across different jobs situated in multiple divisions to complete our surveys. The authors used hierarchical linear modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings suggest that creative self-efficacy has a positive influence on creative performance during low PA scenarios. The authors also demonstrated that for employees in China, creative self-efficacy has a positive influence on creativity when employees experience both low levels of positive affect and high levels of negative affect. Originality/value As the findings suggest, Chinese employees who experience positive affect may engage in heuristic, top-down cognitive processes. Furthermore, findings from the present study also serve to extend the scope of the cognitive tuning model by testing the informational roles of positive and negative affects in self-regulatory processes rather than focusing directly on the main effects of employee affect. An important finding in this study is the three-way interaction indicating that individuals experiencing low positive affect and high negative affect will see a strong connection between creative self-efficacy and creative performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Job-Related Well-Being on the Relationship of Self-Efficacy With Burnout

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (63) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Pinto Pizarro Freitas ◽  
Claudia Sampaio Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Bruno Figueiredo Damásio ◽  
Sílvia Helena Koller ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Abstract The levels of job-related affective well-being and occupational self-efficacy may act as protective factors against the development of burnout. Therefore, this study investigated the role of positive and negative affect as a mediator in the relations between occupational self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout. The research participants were 584 professionals (87% female), mean age 37.8 (SD= 10.8). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the relations of occupational self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were completely mediated by positive and negative affect. The relation between occupational self-efficacy and personal accomplishment was partially mediated by positive affect. Occupational self-efficacy was positively associated to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. This study adds by showing the importance of developing interventions that promote the experience of positive affect and reduction of negative affect in occupational settings as a preventive strategy of burnout.

scholarly journals Affect and psychological well-being in spouses of cancer patients: the mediating role of meaning in life and self-efficacy

Family Forum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krok
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Well Being

The examination of the psychological functioning of cancer patients’ spouses implies that affect and personal resources play an important role in their psychological well-being. This is a consequence of the severe stress caused by the medical conditions of a spouse and of responsibilities related to caregiving. This study aimed to examine the role of affect and purpose-oriented personal resources (meaning in life and self-efficacy) in shaping psychological well-being in the spouses of cancer patients. The participants were 214 spouses of gastrointestinal patients who were either undergoing medical treatment in hospital units or attending scheduled clinic appointments at outpatient medical clinics. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used. The results indicated that positive affect was positively correlated with meaning in life, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. In contrast, negative affect was negatively correlated with positive affect, meaning in life, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. The mediation analyses demonstrated that meaning in life and self-efficacy were mediators between positive and negative affect and psychological well-being. The mediating function of meaning in life and self-efficacy revealed the significant role of personal resources based on purpose and self-motivation in the relationship between affect and psychological well-being. Positive and negative affect can influence motivational processes that enable patients and their families to constructively deal with challenging and illness-related situations. Caregivers and medical staff could take into account the important role of purpose-oriented resources as they affect the functioning of both patients and their families.

scholarly journals The Positive and Negative Affect Relation in the Context of Stress and Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 846-847
Author(s):  
Jessica Blaxton ◽  
Niccole Nelson ◽  
Cindy Bergeman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Research suggests that the within-person inverse relationship between negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) indicates poorer emotional well-being, and this interaffect correlation fluctuates in relation to the context of the individual. Specifically, age, stress, and global PA all relate to changes in the interaffect correlation. The current study uses comprehensive data from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well Being (NDHWB), which allows us to uniquely examine between-person differences in within-person change and variability in the interaffect correlation, thereby examining these constructs from a process-oriented perspective. Midlife and later life participants (N = 965) completed daily questionnaires assessing stress, NA, and PA. Three-level multi-level models illustrated that the interaffect correlation becomes more negative during times of stress, adults with greater global PA experience a stronger inverse interaffect correlation during times of stress, and days of higher stress relate to a stronger inverse interaffect correlation for older adults compared to midlife adults. The findings illustrate the idiographic nature of these relationships and suggest that later life adults and adults with high levels of global PA undergoing higher than typical stressful situations experience stronger inverse interaffect correlations.

scholarly journals Daily Memory Lapses in Adults: Characterization and Influence on Affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Elizabeth Muñoz ◽  
Nikki L Hill ◽  
Joshua M Smyth ◽  
Martin J Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective The current analyses examined the impact of daily memory lapses on daily affect and whether this impact varied across age. Method One hundred sixty-six adults (ages 20–79) completed assessments of memory lapses and affect each day for 7 consecutive days. Assessments included retrospective and prospective memory lapses as well as the impact of these lapses (how irritating, interfering, and consequential). Affect was assessed using ratings of daily positive and negative affect. Results Participants reported memory lapses on 33.3% of days. Prospective lapses were consistently rated as more consequential. Regardless of age, participants had significantly lower in positive affect and significantly higher in negative affect on days with a prospective lapse. Effects of retrospective lapses depended on age: compared to older adults, younger adults reported lower positive affect on days with a retrospective lapse. Discussion Previous work on daily memory lapses has focused on prospective lapses. Although retrospective lapses occurred more frequently in this sample, prospective lapses appeared to have a greater impact on daily experiences regardless of age. By measuring daily memory lapses and affect over consecutive days, we can begin to understand how the experience of forgetting impacts individuals at a micro-level.

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