Postprandial Metabolic Effects of Accelerometer Measured Spontaneous Low-Level Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith C. Peddie ◽  
Claire Cameron ◽  
Nancy Rehrer ◽  
Tracy Perry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Background:Interrupting sedentary time induces improvements in glucose metabolism; however, it is unclear how much activity is required to reduce the negative effects of prolonged sitting.Methods:Sixty-six participants sat continuously for 9 hours except for required bathroom breaks. Participants were fed meal replacement beverages at 60, 240 and 420 min. Blood samples were obtained hourly for 9 hours, with additional samples collected 30 and 45 min after each feeding. Responses were calculated as incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride. Participants wore a triaxial accelerometer and a heart rate monitor. Energy expenditure was estimated using indirect calorimetry.Results:After controlling for age, sex and BMI, every 100 count increase in accelerometer derived total movement was associated with a 0.06 mmol·L-1·9 hours decrease in glucose iAUC (95% CI 0.004–0.1; P = .035), but not associated with changes in insulin or triglyceride iAUC. Every 1 bpm increase in mean heart rate was associated with a 0.76 mmol·L-1·9 hours increase in triglyceride iAUC (95% CI 0.13–1.38).Conclusion:Accelerometer measured movement during periods of prolonged sitting can result in minor improvements in postprandial glucose metabolism, but not lipid metabolism.

Acute cardiometabolic effects of interrupting sitting with resistance exercise breaks

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kowalsky ◽  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Andrea Hergenroeder ◽  
Renee J. Rogers ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Exercise Breaks ◽  
The Impact

Interrupting prolonged sitting with light activity breaks, such as short walks, improves cardiometabolic outcomes, yet less is known about the impact of resistance exercise breaks. This study examined the effects of hourly, guidelines-based simple resistance exercise breaks on acute cardiometabolic health outcomes over a simulated work period. Fourteen adults (age: 53.4 ± 9.5 years, body mass index: 30.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed 2 randomized 4-h conditions: prolonged sitting (SIT) and hourly resistance exercise breaks (REX). Glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured at baseline and then hourly. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured before and after each condition. Linear mixed models evaluated overall condition effects and differences at each hour. Cohen’s d estimated magnitude of effects. Four-hour glucose area under the curve (AUC) did not differ by condition (REX vs. SIT: β = –0.35 mmol/L, p = 0.278, d = 0.51). However, an attenuation of postprandial glucose at 1 h (β = –0.69 mg/dL, p = 0.004, d = 1.02) in REX compared with SIT was observed. Triglyceride AUC, mean blood pressure, and PWV did not differ significantly between REX and SIT overall or any time point (all p > 0.05). Heart rate was higher across the experimental period in REX versus SIT (β = 3.3 bpm, p < 0.001, d = 0.35) and individual time points (β ≥ 3.2 bpm, p ≤ 0.044, d ≥ 0.34). Resistance exercise breaks can potentially improve 1-h postprandial glucose, but may not acutely benefit other cardiometabolic outcomes. Future studies employing guidelines-based resistance exercises to interrupt prolonged sitting with a larger sample and longer follow-up are warranted.

scholarly journals Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Takahashi ◽  
Mamiho Ozaki ◽  
Moon-Il Kang ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽  
Mayuko Fukazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
The Difference

We examined the effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism, including the incretin response and metabolites in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy young men completed two trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60 and 120 min after meal provision in a random order: (1) morning (~0900 h) and (2) evening (~1700 h). The blood metabolome of eight participants was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Postprandial glucose concentrations at 120 min (p = 0.030) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (p = 0.005) at 60 min in the evening trials were higher than those in the morning trials. The incremental area under the curve values of five glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleotide-related metabolites and 18 amino acid-related metabolites were higher in the morning trials than those in the evening trials (p < 0.05). Partial least-squares analysis revealed that the total metabolic change was higher in the morning. Our study demonstrates that a meal in the evening exacerbates the state of postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. In addition, this study provides insight into the difference of incretion and blood metabolites between breakfast and dinner, indicating that the total metabolic responses tends to be higher in the morning.

Effects of ewe size and nutrition during pregnancy on glucose metabolism, fat metabolism and adrenal function of postpubertal female twin offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. van der Linden ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
H. T. Blair ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
C. M. C. Jenkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Ad Libitum

Little is known about the long-term metabolic effects of maternal constraint on the offspring and whether a possible interaction of dam size and nutrition during gestation exists, affecting postnatal metabolic functions in the offspring. Four hundred and fifty heavy (H) (60.8 ± 0.18 kg) and 450 light (L) (42.5 ± 0.17 kg) Romney dams were allocated to ad libitum (A) or maintenance (M) nutritional regimens under New Zealand pastoral grazing conditions, from Day 21 to 140 after insemination. One week before lambing, all dams and offspring were managed as one group and provided with ad libitum feeding. At 16 months of age, female twin-born offspring (n = 12 per size by nutrition group) were catheterised and given intravenous insulin (0.15 IU/kg) (ITT), glucose (0.17 g/kg) (GTT) and epinephrine (1 μg/kg) (ETT) challenges to assess their glucose and fat metabolism and adrenal function. No effects of dam size or interactions between dam size and dam nutrition were found on glucose or fat metabolism or adrenal function. In response to the ETT, M-dam offspring showed greater (P < 0.05) peak glucose concentrations, increased (P < 0.05) glucose area under the curve and tended (P < 0.10) to have increased maximum change in glucose and non-esterified free fatty acid concentrations compared with A-ewes. No effects of dam nutrition were found on glucose tolerance, insulin resistance or adrenal function in response to GTT and ITT. In conclusion, dam size had no effect on glucose metabolism, adrenal function or fat metabolism in 16-month-old female twin offspring. Dam nutrition during pregnancy from Day 21 to 140 had no major effect on glucose metabolism, adrenal function or lipolysis; however, it did potentially affect gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis, as increased glucose concentrations in ewes born to M-fed dams were observed in response to ETT. These results indicate that M-ewes could have an advantage over A-ewes in physiological stressful situations in life (e.g. pregnancy, lactation) as their liver may be able to supply more glucose to support their growing conceptus and milk production to increase the chances of survival of their offspring.

scholarly journals Combined effects of continuous exercise and intermittent active interruptions to prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglycerides in adults with obesity: a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wheeler ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Kathryn A. Ellis ◽  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

Abstract Background Postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride metabolism is impaired by prolonged sitting, but enhanced by exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a continuous exercise bout with and without intermittent active interruptions to prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. Methods Sedentary adults who were overweight to obese (n = 67; mean age 67 yr SD ± 7; BMI 31.2 kg∙m− 2 SD ± 4.1), completed three conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting (8-h, control); EX+SIT: sitting (1-h), moderate-intensity walking (30-min), uninterrupted sitting (6.5-h); EX+BR: sitting (1-h), moderate-intensity walking (30- min), sitting interrupted every 30-min with 3-min of light-intensity walking (6.5 h). Participants consumed standardized breakfast and lunch meals and blood was sampled at 13 time-points. Results When compared to SIT, EX+SIT increased total area under the curve (tAUC) for glucose by 2% [0.1–4.1%] and EX+BR by 3% [0.6–4.7%] (all p < 0.05). Compared to SIT, EX+SIT reduced insulin and insulin:glucose ratio tAUC by 18% [11–22%] and 21% [8–33%], respectively; and EX+BR reduced values by 25% [19–31%] and 28% [15–38%], respectively (all p < 0.001 vs SIT, all p < 0.05 EX+SIT-vs-EX+BR). Compared to SIT, EX+BR reduced triglyceride tAUC by 6% [1–10%] (p = 0.01 vs SIT), and compared to EX+SIT, EX+BR reduced this value by 5% [0.1–8.8%] (p = 0.047 vs EX+SIT). The magnitude of reduction in insulin tAUC from SIT-to-EX+BR was greater in those with increased basal insulin resistance. No reduction in triglyceride tAUC from SIT-to-EX+BR was apparent in those with high fasting triglycerides. Conclusions Additional reductions in postprandial insulin-glucose dynamics and triglycerides may be achieved by combining exercise with breaks in sitting. Relative to uninterrupted sitting, this strategy may reduce postprandial insulin more in those with high basal insulin resistance, but those with high fasting triglycerides may be resistant to such intervention-induced reductions in triglycerides. Trial registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000737639).

The effect of frequency of activity interruptions in prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose metabolism: A randomized crossover trial

Metabolism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida K. Thorsen ◽  
Mette Y. Johansen ◽  
Nanna S. Pilmark ◽  
Naja Z. Jespersen ◽  
Cecilie F. Brinkløv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial

scholarly journals Hydration Marker Diagnostic Accuracy to Identify Mild Intracellular and Extracellular Dehydration

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian A. Owen ◽  
Matthew B. Fortes ◽  
Saeed Ur Rahman ◽  
Mahdi Jibani ◽  
Neil P. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Negative Effects

Identifying mild dehydration (≤2% of body mass) is important to prevent the negative effects of more severe dehydration on human health and performance. It is unknown whether a single hydration marker can identify both mild intracellular dehydration (ID) and extracellular dehydration (ED) with adequate diagnostic accuracy (≥0.7 receiver-operating characteristic–area under the curve [ROC-AUC]). Thus, in 15 young healthy men, the authors determined the diagnostic accuracy of 15 hydration markers after three randomized 48-hr trials; euhydration (water 36 ml·kg−1·day−1), ID caused by exercise and 48 hr of fluid restriction (water 2 ml·kg−1·day−1), and ED caused by a 4-hr diuretic-induced diuresis begun at 44 hr (Furosemide 0.65 mg/kg). Body mass was maintained on euhydration, and dehydration was mild on ID and ED (1.9% [0.5%] and 2.0% [0.3%] of body mass, respectively). Urine color, urine specific gravity, plasma osmolality, saliva flow rate, saliva osmolality, heart rate variability, and dry mouth identified ID (ROC-AUC; range 0.70–0.99), and postural heart rate change identified ED (ROC-AUC 0.82). Thirst 0–9 scale (ROC-AUC 0.97 and 0.78 for ID and ED) and urine osmolality (ROC-AUC 0.99 and 0.81 for ID and ED) identified both dehydration types. However, only the thirst 0–9 scale had a common dehydration threshold (≥4; sensitivity and specificity of 100%; 87% and 71%, 87% for ID and ED). In conclusion, using a common dehydration threshold ≥4, the thirst 0–9 scale identified mild intracellular and ED with adequate diagnostic accuracy. In young healthy adults’, thirst 0–9 scale is a valid and practical dehydration screening tool.

scholarly journals P007 Eating in alignment with the circadian clock: A strategy to reduce the metabolic impact of nightwork

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A23-A24
Author(s):  
S Centofanti ◽  
L Heilbronn ◽  
G Wittert ◽  
A Coates ◽  
J Dorrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nightwork disrupts circadian rhythms and impairs glucose metabolism, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes. We investigated eliminating or reducing the amount of food consumed during simulated nightwork as a countermeasure to reduce the impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism. N=52 healthy, non-shiftworking participants (24.4±4.9 years; 26 Females; BMI 23.8±2.5kg/m2) underwent a 7-day laboratory protocol with an 8h TIB baseline sleep, followed by 4 simulated nightshifts with 7h TIB daytime sleep and an 8h TIB recovery sleep in groups of 4 participants. Each group was randomly assigned to a meal-at-midnight (n=17, 30% energy requirements), snack-at-midnight (n=16, 10% energy requirements) or no-eating-at-midnight (n=19) condition. Total 24h energy and macronutrient intake were constant across conditions. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted on day2 (baseline), and day7 (recovery). Plasma was sampled at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 mins, assayed for glucose and insulin. Area under the curve (AUC) was the calculated. Mixed model analyses of glucose AUC found a condition-by-day interaction (p&lt;0.001). Glucose responses to OGTT did not change with nightwork in the no-eating-at-midnight condition (p=0.219) but worsened in the meal-at-midnight (p&lt;0.001) and snack-at-midnight (p=0.022) conditions. Insulin AUC was different by condition (p=0.047). Insulin was highest after nightwork in the no-eating-at-midnight compared to meal-at-midnight (p=0.014) but not snack-at-midnight (p=0.345). Glucose tolerance was impaired by eating-at-midnight, associated with a lower than expected insulin response. Further work is required to determine the effect of meal or snack composition as a strategy to mitigate adverse metabolic effects of nightwork.

scholarly journals Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Fiona S. Atkinson ◽  
Gabriella A. Heruc ◽  
Verena M. H. Tan ◽  
Peter Petocz ◽  
Jennie C. Brand-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Standard Breakfast ◽  
Insulin Responses

Fasting for over 24 h is associated with worsening glucose tolerance, but the effect of extending the overnight fast period (a form of time-restricted feeding) on acute metabolic responses and insulin sensitivity is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the acute impact of an increased fasting period on postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and acute insulin sensitivity responses to a standard meal. Twenty-four lean, young, healthy adults (12 males, 12 females) consumed a standard breakfast after an overnight fast of 12, 14, and 16 h. Each fast duration was repeated on three separate occasions (3 × 3) in random order. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were measured at regular intervals over 2 h and quantified as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostatic modelling assessment (HOMA). After 2 h, ad libitum food intake at a buffet meal was recorded. In females, but not males, insulin sensitivity improved (HOMA%S +35%, p = 0.016, marginally significant) with longer fast duration (16 h vs. 12 h), but paradoxically, postprandial glycaemia was higher (glucose iAUC +37%, p = 0.002). Overall, males showed no differences in glucose or insulin homeostasis. Both sexes consumed more energy (+28%) at the subsequent meal (16 h vs. 12 h). Delaying the first meal of the day by 4 h by extending the fasting period may have adverse metabolic effects in young, healthy, adult females, but not males.

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