Precompetition Self-Confidence: The Role of the Self

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Beattie ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Higgins’ (1987) self-discrepancy theory holds that certain emotions occur as a result of discrepancies between pairs of psychological entities called self-guides. The present study explored self-discrepancies in self-confidence in relation to performance and cognitive anxiety. Slalom canoeists (n = 81) reported ideal, ought, and feared levels of self-confidence 3 hours before a national ranking slalom tournament. Within a half-hour of the start of the race, canoeists reported their actual self-confidence and cognitive anxiety levels. Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that self-discrepancies predicted significantly more performance variance than actual self-confidence alone. Additionally, hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that, contrary to the specific predictions of self-discrepancy theory, ideal and feared discrepancies (not “ought” and “feared” discrepancies) significantly predicted cognitive anxiety. Additional findings, implications, and directions for further research into the nature of the self in sport are discussed.

Self, Career, and Gender Issues

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-111
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Self Discrepancy

This chapter aims to: demonstrate the role of individual differences; identify how issues of the self, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, can influence women’s career choice and career outcomes; discuss self-discrepancy theory in relation to gender role conflict in the workplace; evaluate if high self-esteem and self-efficacy can be advantageous to women working in male dominated occupations and industries; describe how internalised self-view, may contribute to gendered occupational segregation; and discuss the concept of the psychological contract and job satisfaction.

The Impact of Discrimination Beyond Sense of Belonging: Predicting College Students’ Confidence in Their Ability to Graduate

2020 ◽  
pp. 152102512095760
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Jackson ◽  
I. Shevon Harvey ◽  
Ledric D. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Extracurricular Activity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Impact

Data from the Healthy Mind Study were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the role of discriminatory experience in students’ confidence in their ability to persist through graduation, controlling for age, extracurricular activity participation, housing, years in their degree program, and their sense of belonging. The final sample consists of 4,708 college students—57.1% women, 70.8% Whites, 7.4% Blacks, 10.4% Asians, and 10.4% Latinx. A final hierarchical multiple regression with discrimination and covariates revealed an overall model that explained 15.5% of the total variance of confidence to persist (F [12, 4574] = 76.762, p < .001). The frequency of discriminatory experiences explains a statistically significant percentage of the variance in students’ confidence in their ability to persist. Thus, efforts to minimize students’ discriminatory experiences need to be increased. This study offers an initial step that institutions can implement to serve and retain their students better.

Impulsiveness and Child-to-Parent Violence: The Role of Aggressor’s Sex

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rico ◽  
Jaime Rosado ◽  
David Cantón-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Consumption Habits

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze the role of minors’ impulsiveness in the perpetration of child-to-parent violence (CPV), controlling for sex, age, interest allocated to studies, and participant´s and parent´s drug consumption habits, as well as to test the moderating role of the aggressor’s sex on impulsiveness. The sample comprised 934 students from high school centers (438 boys and 496 girls), aged between 13 and 21 years. Impulsiveness was assessed through the Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), whereas CPV perpetration was assessed employing the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that both attentional (β = .09, p < .05; β = .12, p < .001) and motor impulsiveness (β = .26, p < .001; β = .25, p < .001) were related to the perpetration of CPV. Interaction analyses showed a moderating role of the aggressor’s sex over motor impulsiveness in the case of CPV towards the father (β = .29, p < .05), and over attentional impulsiveness in the case of CPV towards the mother (β = .45, p < .001). Results confirm the idea that minors’ impulsiveness has an effect on the probability of CPV perpetration, which differs according to the sex of the perpetrator.

AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS IN DYSPHORIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Eschen ◽  
David S. Glenwick
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesized interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.

scholarly journals M61. THE ROLE OF PERSONAL WORLDVIEW IN PREDICTING DELUSION PRONENESS IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
Georgia Zamperoni ◽  
Eric Tan ◽  
Erica Neill ◽  
Susan Rossell ◽  
Eric Tan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Unusual thought processes, often referred to as delusion proneness, are not unique to clinical populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to delusion proneness has important theoretical and clinical implications in prodromal psychosis. Methods This study ascertained the presence of delusion proneness and associated levels of distress, preoccupation and conviction in a large sample of healthy participants (N=258, M= 33.62 years, SD =12.04), and subsequently investigated two aspects of personal worldview in predicting delusion proneness: Locus of control (LOC) and core positive and negative schemas of the self and others. This data was collected via an online survey. Results Stepwise regression analyses indicated that negative schemas of others predicted the presence of delusion proneness (p&lt;.001) and associated levels of distress (p= .012) and preoccupation (p= .025); whilst negative schemas of the self predicted only the presence of delusion proneness (p= .001). Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that LOC was not a significant predictor of the presence of delusion proneness (p= .141), or associated features of distress (p =.281), preoccupation (p=.220) and conviction (p= .660). Discussion The current study found that negative schemas of others accounted for more variance in predicting delusion proneness and aspects of experience (distress and preoccupation) than negative self- schemas. Our study may suggest that therapy focusing on one’s regulation of emotions and assumptions about others in individuals with delusion-like beliefs may be more critical in alleviating delusional symptoms than exclusively focusing on self-schemas.

Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

Violent audiovisual content and social consequences: The moderating role of aggression in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar Brändle ◽  
Miguel Angel M. Cardaba ◽  
Reynaldo G. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Aggressive Cognitions ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractNumerous studies have linked the consumption of violent audiovisual content to the increase of aggressive cognitions and behaviors. This research aims to clarify whether the possible harmful consequences of violent videogames might vary depending on an individual variable such as trait aggressiveness. A correlational study was carried out among 6,130 teenagers (average age of 13.8 years) from two European countries, in which it became evident, by means of multiple regression analyses, that there was a positive correlation between the use of violent videogames and aggressive behavioral intentions. More relevantly, these correlations were greater amongst those subjects with higher scores on the Aggression Scale. Finally, when analyzing the subjective experiences of users of violent videogames, the more aggressive individuals manifested a greater desire to imitate the characters of the interactive content, admitting that they ended up more agitated even when their initial objective was to relieve tension or relax. Practical and theoretical implications (e.g., Catharsis theory) of those results are discussed.

scholarly journals Antecedents of State Anxiety in Rugby

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Lane ◽  
Jody S. E. Rodger ◽  
Costas I. Karageorghis
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to extend research investigating the antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety into the sport of rugby. Participants ( N = 86; age: M = 23.7 yr., SD = 4.8 yr.) completed a 10-item Prematch Questionnaire developed to assess the antecedents of anxiety and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr. prior to competition. Factor analysis of intercorrelations of scores on the Prematch Questionnaire indicated that three factors accounted for 63.3% of the variance. These were labelled Perceived Readiness, Match Conditions, and Coach Influence. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that Perceived Readiness predicted rated Self-confidence and Somatic Anxiety. Game conditions also predicted Self-confidence. Collectively, these factors accounted for 30% of Self-confidence and 11% of Somatic Anxiety. No factor predicted Cognitive Anxiety. Findings support the notion that each sport has unique stressors and that researchers should seek sport-specific measures of the antecedents of anxiety.

scholarly journals Face mask wearing rate predicts country’s COVID-19 death rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Miyazawa ◽  
Gen Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

AbstractIdentification of biomedical and socioeconomic predictors for the number of deaths by COVID-19 among countries will lead to the development of effective intervention. While previous multiple regression studies have identified several predictors, little is known for the effect of mask non-wearing rate on the number of COVID-19-related deaths possibly because the data is available for limited number of countries, which constricts the application of traditional multiple regression approach to screen a large number of potential predictors. In this study, we used the hypothesis-driven regression to test the effect of limited number of predictors based on the hypothesis that the mask non-wearing rate can predict the number of deaths to a large extent together with age and BMI, other relatively independent risk factors for hospitalized patients of COVID-19. The mask non-wearing rate, percentage of age ≥ 80 (male), and male BMI showed Spearman’s correlations up to about 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 with the number of deaths per million from 22 countries from mid-March to mid-June, respectively. The observed number of deaths per million were significantly correlated with the numbers predicted by the lasso regression model including four predictors, age ≥ 80 (male), male BMI, and mask non-wearing rates from mid-March and late April to early May (Pearson’s coefficient = 0.918). The multiple linear regression models including the mask non-wearing rates, age, and obesity-related predictors explained up to 79% variation of the number of deaths per million. Furthermore, 56.8% of the variation of mask non-wearing rate in mid-March, the strongest predictor of the number of deaths per million, was predicted by age ≥ 80 (male) and male BMI, suggesting the confounding role of these predictors. Although further verification is needed to identify causes of the national differences in COVID-19 mortality rates, these results highlight the importance of the mask, age, and BMI in predicting the COVID-19-related deaths, providing a useful strategy for future regression analyses that attempt to contribute to the mechanistic understanding of COVID-19.

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