The Initial Intentions for Social Leveraging of a Mega Sport Event Among Stakeholders of a Newly Formed Interorganizational Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Fei Gao ◽  
Bob Heere ◽  
Samuel Y. Todd ◽  
Brian Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Interorganizational Relationship ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sport Events

Although the concept of social leverage has been a key component of research on mega sport events, authors know little about how the initial partnership between stakeholders of the event allows for social leveraging prior to the event. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand what intentions stakeholders of a newly formed interorganizational relationship for the 2019 Federation of International Basketball Associations World Cup have toward social leverage initiatives and whether they coordinate such efforts with other stakeholders. Data were collected through two rounds of interviews with high-ranking leaders in the stakeholder organizations. The authors found that social leverage is not part of the early planning for the event because (a) different stakeholders/organizations have little knowledge of social leverage, (b) the media amplifies current values and beliefs of the interorganizational relationship stakeholders, and (c) the Chinese culture has an implicit/explicit influence on the interorganizational relationship. The study contributes to our understanding of challenges surrounding social leveraging.

scholarly journals The mediated live experience and the spatial reconfiguration of the sport act

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Diana Luiza Dumitriu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Changes ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
New Model ◽  
Scattering Model ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sport Events

The media-sport relation of interdependency has influenced both the commodity value of sport actors and events, as well as the mere sport experience. The present study focuses on the reconfiguration process of the spectatorship experience through media, addressing two of its central dimensions: the emotional and physical one. Along with the wide accessibility to sport events and a progressive grow of audiences, media provided a mediated live experience that ended up competing with the genuine live experience. Strongly related and dependent on the technological changes and the dynamics of the globalization process, media went beyond simply transmitting the sport event, engaging in a process of redefining it. In doing so, they generated a deterritorialized laboratory sport experience, “hotting-up” the spectatorship experience and minimizing the perceptual constrains. This, in turn, ended up by making this media-sport hyperreality more appealing than the genuine live experience of sport acts. In addressing the spatial reconfiguration of the spectatorship experience, I have built up a new model in order to better respond to the primacy of connectivity over the space-dependent experience of sport acts: the scattering model of sport spectatorship. Moreover, I discuss the mixture of the private and public zones as a strategic way of maximizing the accessibility and customization of sport media-products, inside the wider process of sport commodification.

scholarly journals Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Douglas Turco ◽  
Dimitra Papadimitrou ◽  
Serkan Berber
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Commonwealth Games ◽  
International Sport ◽  
The Impact

Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade GamesConsiderable research has been devoted to sport mega-events including the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, and the Commonwealth Games. Yet few studies have focused on the lesser known or "second tier" international sport events in order to understand the patterns and the impact of participant consumption. Further, few sport event studies are extended beyond a single assessment. This study examines a recurring sport event, the World Universiade Summer Games, that took place in two different countries, Belgrade, Serbia and Bangkok, Thailand. A profile of participants at the 2007 and 2009 Universiades was generated to reveal and compare their consumer behaviour in the host cities and over time. Subjects were queried on-site during selected days of competition (N=441, 2007; N=221, 2009). Findings demonstrate a remarkable consistency in participant characteristics and local spend from 2007 to 2009, though the amount spent per night was considerably less than the average per night spend by other types of tourists in the host countries, suggesting that Universiade athletes are non high-value tourists. Discussion and implications of findings to sport and tourism destination scholars and marketers are presented.

scholarly journals Perception of public managers on the sustainability of sports mega-events: the case of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Ricardo Maia de Vasconcelos ◽  
Fernando Cabral de Macedo Filho
Keyword(s):  
World Cup ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The City

The realization of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil generated meaningful transformations in the host cities. These transformations brought concerns over the sustainability of a mega-sport event. The present study tried to understand the sustainability resulting from the World Cup in the city of Natal, Brazil, from the perspective of local public managers. This qualitative, descriptive research, whose data were inductively analyzed, used a semi-open interview composed of 24 semi-structured questions in order to obtain information from the public managers at local and state levels and who are linked to the event. As a result, the managers involved concluded that the 2014 World Cup in Natal did not serve sustainability neither leave any sustainable effects. It was also observed that the lack of sustainability was due to the lack of adequate planning and technical projects, as well as to the lack of organization and social participation in the preparation and follow-up of the works and actions necessary for its accomplishment. Among the propositions of new works, there is the recommendation to analyze how the public managers and the normative regulations are dealing with sustainability in the planning and in the projects for the realization of two other mega-sport events, the FIFA 2018 World Cup in Russia and the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar.

Tourism and recurring sport events

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kwiatkowski ◽  
Thomas Könecke
Keyword(s):  
Event Management ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Event Category ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Sport Events

Purpose Both groups are profiled in terms of travel-related and socio-demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to address determinants of spending for each spectator group. Data collection was conducted using an on-site questionnaire. Analysis of variance between profile characteristics is based on χ2 and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests, whereas the analysis of determinants of spending builds on the Tobit model. Design/methodology/approach Recurring sport events that do not count among the mega sport event category have become a popular means of attracting tourists to a destination. Thus, research on different spectator groups attending such events is very relevant, yet surprisingly scarce. This study helps filling this void by a comparative analysis of two types of spectators present at the Professional Windsurf Association Windsurf World Cup on the German island of Sylt: travellers who come to Sylt solely for the event (event tourists) and travellers whose motivation to visit the island was not primarily driven by the event (regular tourists). Findings The results show that the two examined groups are clearly distinguishable, both in terms of profile characteristics and determinants of spending. This indicates that specific strategies seem advisable for sport event and tourism destination managers at mature tourist destinations. Originality/value The study’s major contribution to both tourism and event management literature is that it exposes key characteristics of and differences between both groups within a specific setting at a non-mega sport event at a mature tourist destination.

Coping with dilemma: How German sport media users respond to sport mega events in autocratic countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Flemming ◽  
Marco Lünich ◽  
Frank Marcinkowski ◽  
Christopher Starke
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sport Events

In recent years, sport mega events have been frequently awarded to autocratic countries whose regimes violate democratic values and human rights. Based on the theory of cognitive dissonance, we assume that this is a potential source of internal conflict for viewers, especially for sports enthusiasts and politically aware recipients. Special attention rests on the consequences of the recipients’ strategies of addressing this predicament for important stakeholders of these events, namely the reporting media, the host country and sponsors. We conducted an online survey among 711 German respondents to examine how recipients cope with this dilemma using the forthcoming FIFA soccer World Cup 2018 in Russia as an example. Our results show that while recipients are strongly interested in soccer and politics, most of them do not necessarily perceive these two spheres as inextricably connected. Their awareness of sociopolitical issues in the context of sport events—and thus the decisive factor to explain cognitive dissonance—is arguably low. Still, when recipients experience cognitive dissonance they rely on certain strategies to reduce or avoid dissonance. They do not elude this dilemma by preferring sports broadcasting without coverage of the event’s negative circumstances, but are actually willing to pass on parts of the tournament. They also do not denigrate the credibility of the media or emphasize positive aspects of the host country Russia. In fact, the recipients would prefer if the World Cup had not been awarded to Russia in the first place. However, respondents experiencing cognitive dissonance are also more likely to engage in political consumerism, by deliberately deciding against or in favor of products and sponsors depending on whether or not those are associated with the event.

Ensuring volunteer impacts, legacy and leveraging is not “fake news”

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Dickson ◽  
Simon Darcy ◽  
Caitlin Pentifallo Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Fake News ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to explore the legacy potential of the FIFA Women’s World Cup (FWWC) 2015, for the host communities across Canada. Design/methodology/approach The mixed-methods study included a link to an online anonymous survey being sent to all volunteers at the FWWC that explored their prior volunteering experience, motivations for volunteering, perceived skill development and future volunteering intentions. Documents were reviewed, and key stakeholders were interviewed. Findings The results support previous research that mega-sport event (MSE) volunteers are typically older females with prior volunteering experience. Those most likely to indicate they wanted to volunteer more are younger volunteers without prior volunteering experience. While legacy was discussed as a desired outcome, this was not operationalised through strategic human resource strategies such as being imbedded in the position descriptions for the volunteer managers. Research limitations/implications As this study was conducted in the real-world context of a sport event, the timing of the survey was determined by the organising committee. Practical implications Mega sport events typically draw upon existing host-city social and human capital. For future event organising committees planning for and delivering a volunteer legacy may require better strategic planning and leveraging relationships with existing host-city volunteer networks. In the context of a single sport, women’s MSE, multi-venue, multi-province event, greater connection was required to proactively connect younger women for volunteers to their geographic sport and event volunteering infrastructure. Originality/value This is the first research of volunteers for the largest women’s mega single-sport event. There are three theoretical contributions of the paper to: the socio-ecological lens, motivational theory of single event MSE and the contribution of social and human capital to understandings of legacy.

scholarly journals Using self-categorization theory to uncover the framing of the 2015 Rugby World Cup: A cross-cultural comparison of three nations’ newspapers

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olan Kees Martin Scott ◽  
Andrew C Billings ◽  
John Harris ◽  
John Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Categorization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sport Events

Research into the framing of sporting events has been extensively studied to uncover newspaper bias in the coverage of global sporting events. Through discourse, the media attempt to capture, build, and maintain audiences for the duration of sporting events through the use of multiple narratives and/or storylines. Little research has looked at the ways in which the same event is reported across different nations, and media representations of the Rugby World Cup have rarely featured in discussions of the framing of sport events. The present study highlights the different ways in which rugby union is portrayed across the three leading Southern Hemisphere nations in the sport. It also shows the prominence of nationalistic discourse across those nations and importance of self-categorizations in newspaper narratives.

Reading the Tea Leaves—the News about the News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Costley White
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Fox News ◽  
The Media

This chapter looks at how the media explained, critiqued, and reported on their own role in the branding and coverage of the Tea Party, and what that says about news media function and convergence in a headphone culture. Whether it was a “media war” on Fox News, a reporter’s rant at CNBC, or a defamatory online video triggering the dismissal of a high-ranking Obama appointee for “racism,” one thing was clear—at its core, Tea Party news narratives were also a story about modern journalism. This section of the book explains how members of the news media portrayed (implicitly and explicitly) their own roles, functions, and values as they advanced the Tea Party’s recognition, messaging, and growth through the logics, action, and discourse of branding.

scholarly journals Festival or Sport? Chinese Motivations to a Modern Urban Hiking Event

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402098615
Author(s):  
Fangfang Chen ◽  
Michael Naylor ◽  
Yanning Li ◽  
Shanshan Dai ◽  
Peng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Recreational Sport ◽  
Sport Events

Festive sport events provide an opportunity for people to engage in leisure in an atmosphere of celebration. It has become increasingly popular in China. Although motivations have been explored thoroughly in the context of participant and recreational sport, events, and festivals, no research has yet focused on the overlap among these domains. To address the gap, this study is an investigation of what motivates people to participate in festive sport events as an emerging subcategory of more traditional events and festivals. After the development of a new motives scale, a questionnaire was administered to 894 participants in a festive sport event for hikers in China. The sample was split in three to validate the scale using factor analysis. Six participant motives in the context of a festive sport event emerged including Physical Health, Achievement, Socialization, Mental Health, Novelty/Excitement, and Culture/Event. Important implications of this study are also discussed.

Charity Sport Event Sponsorship as Value Creation Strategy: An Event Participant Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
David Fechner ◽  
Kevin Filo ◽  
Sacha Reid ◽  
Robyn Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Internet Service Provider ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Value Creation Process

Sponsoring charity sport events (CSEs) represents an opportunity for businesses to achieve a variety of marketing objectives. Event sponsors need to promote their brand in an authentic manner because CSE participants may be skeptical of the sponsor if they believe the organization is supporting the event solely for commercial purposes. The current research examines the perceptions that CSE participants have for a sponsor’s contribution to the value creation process of the event. Semistructured interviews (N = 17) were conducted with MS (multiple sclerosis) Moonlight Walk 2018 participants to explore how this key stakeholder perceives the contribution of the sponsor (Harbour ISP [Internet service provider]) in the event experience. Five themes were uncovered: raising CSE awareness, cultivating a fundraising network, engaging authentically, celebrating constituents, and providing operational support. Building on the findings of this research, CSE managers and sponsors should work to share the story behind their partnership while integrating event participants in the development of the sponsorship program.

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