scholarly journals Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Douglas Turco ◽  
Dimitra Papadimitrou ◽  
Serkan Berber

Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade GamesConsiderable research has been devoted to sport mega-events including the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, and the Commonwealth Games. Yet few studies have focused on the lesser known or "second tier" international sport events in order to understand the patterns and the impact of participant consumption. Further, few sport event studies are extended beyond a single assessment. This study examines a recurring sport event, the World Universiade Summer Games, that took place in two different countries, Belgrade, Serbia and Bangkok, Thailand. A profile of participants at the 2007 and 2009 Universiades was generated to reveal and compare their consumer behaviour in the host cities and over time. Subjects were queried on-site during selected days of competition (N=441, 2007; N=221, 2009). Findings demonstrate a remarkable consistency in participant characteristics and local spend from 2007 to 2009, though the amount spent per night was considerably less than the average per night spend by other types of tourists in the host countries, suggesting that Universiade athletes are non high-value tourists. Discussion and implications of findings to sport and tourism destination scholars and marketers are presented.

Author(s):  
César Ricardo Maia de Vasconcelos ◽  
Fernando Cabral de Macedo Filho

The realization of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil generated meaningful transformations in the host cities. These transformations brought concerns over the sustainability of a mega-sport event. The present study tried to understand the sustainability resulting from the World Cup in the city of Natal, Brazil, from the perspective of local public managers. This qualitative, descriptive research, whose data were inductively analyzed, used a semi-open interview composed of 24 semi-structured questions in order to obtain information from the public managers at local and state levels and who are linked to the event. As a result, the managers involved concluded that the 2014 World Cup in Natal did not serve sustainability neither leave any sustainable effects. It was also observed that the lack of sustainability was due to the lack of adequate planning and technical projects, as well as to the lack of organization and social participation in the preparation and follow-up of the works and actions necessary for its accomplishment. Among the propositions of new works, there is the recommendation to analyze how the public managers and the normative regulations are dealing with sustainability in the planning and in the projects for the realization of two other mega-sport events, the FIFA 2018 World Cup in Russia and the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar.


2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1 (245)) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Dominik Kania

Wiele marek wykorzystuje w swoich kampaniach storytellingowych tematykę sportową. Nie zawsze jest ona związana z działalnością brandu lub jego ofertą. Mimo to sport wydaje się atrakcyjnym wątkiem, na podstawie którego firmy komunikują się z otoczeniem. Celem niniejszej pracy jest wyjaśnienie tej popularności sportowych tematów w storytellingu marek. Posłuży do tego analiza relacji branży sportowej i szeroko pojętego biznesu, a także udziału sportu w zachodzących procesach społecznych. Przez ukazanie wpływu, jaki rywalizacja sportowa wywiera na przeciętną jednostkę, zostaną wytłumaczone pobudki marek budujących swoje opowieści wokół zdarzeń lub postaci związanych ze sportem. Refleksji dotyczącej przyczyn popularności wątków sportowych w komunikacji brandów posłużyła analiza dotychczasowego stanu badań, szukająca wyjaśnienia związków pomiędzy sportem a życiem społeczeństwa, a także obserwacja studium przypadku Procter&Gamble – podmiotu, który wokół sportu zbudował swoją platformę komunikacyjną. Materiałem badawczym były więc nie tylko tezy naukowe szukające pomostu między sportem a filozofią, socjologią, psychologią czy biznesem, ale również praktyczne działania marki. Wyniki obserwacji nasuwają wnioski tłumaczące znaczenie sportu i aktywności fizycznej dla społeczeństw i ich jednostek, wskazują procesy przyczyniające się do popularyzacji tematyki w działaniach storytellingowych oraz klarownie podkreślają korzyści płynące z dialogu marek z odbiorcami, opartym na sportowych akcentach. Ponadto potwierdzają i uzasadniają tezę, że skuteczny storytelling implementujący w swoje treści sport wcale nie musi pochodzić od brandu bezpośrednio związanego z branżą sportową. Sport in storytelling. Why do brands adopt sport into narratives? Many brands adopt sports into their storytelling campaigns. This trend can be noticed even if a brand’s operations or its products are not related to sport. Nevertheless, it seems to be an attractive platform to communicate with the audience and present specific values. The purpose of this paper is to explain the popularity of sport themes in brand’s storytelling. To unveil this notion, the relationship between sport industry, global business and the influence of sport on social processes is analysed. By examining the impact of sport rivalry on an individual, brands’ motives and the phenomenon of building stories based on sport events or athletes’ lives are explained. This study seeks to describe mechanisms that are used by brands, which strive to mark their presence in people’s lives through storytelling. The methodological approach taken in this paper is a mixed methodology based on critical analysis of existing studies in philosophy, economy, sociology, psychology, and examination of Procter&Gamble’s communication case study. The first part investigates the theoretical reasons for adopting sport into narratives to influence society and individuals. The next section proceeds to an example of the brand which based its storytelling communication on sport event and themes. The results of this study show multidimensional motives and benefits of adopting sport into storytelling. These are connected to different areas of human life and remain critical for brands’ strategies. This examination also confirms high popularity of sport motives in communication of brands that do not belong directly to sport industry and whose offer is not associated with sport at all.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Fei Gao ◽  
Bob Heere ◽  
Samuel Y. Todd ◽  
Brian Mihalik

Although the concept of social leverage has been a key component of research on mega sport events, authors know little about how the initial partnership between stakeholders of the event allows for social leveraging prior to the event. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand what intentions stakeholders of a newly formed interorganizational relationship for the 2019 Federation of International Basketball Associations World Cup have toward social leverage initiatives and whether they coordinate such efforts with other stakeholders. Data were collected through two rounds of interviews with high-ranking leaders in the stakeholder organizations. The authors found that social leverage is not part of the early planning for the event because (a) different stakeholders/organizations have little knowledge of social leverage, (b) the media amplifies current values and beliefs of the interorganizational relationship stakeholders, and (c) the Chinese culture has an implicit/explicit influence on the interorganizational relationship. The study contributes to our understanding of challenges surrounding social leveraging.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahit Armenakyan ◽  
Norm O’Reilly ◽  
Louise Heslop ◽  
John Nadeau ◽  
Irene R. R. Lu

The hosting of a mega–sport event (MSE) has a number of implications for a host country, some positive and some negative. This research explores the influence of the on-field performance of the host country’s national team (NT), in this case for the Olympic Games, on the decision to bid for and potentially host such an MSE. Previous studies have normally focused on residents and international tourists who attend the event, thereby not considering the views of (i) nonresident communities of the host country and (ii) international and domestic spectators. This research responds by investigating the impact of individual associations with the (Olympic) NT through examining the expectations for and perceived performance of the NT on behavioral attitudes of domestic (Canadian) and foreign (American) residents toward the NT itself, the MSE, and the host country, around the 2010 Winter Vancouver Olympic Games.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-479
Author(s):  
Eunjung Kim ◽  
Graham Cuskelly ◽  
Liz Fredline

This study investigated sport event volunteer motivation and psychological contract (PC) with regard to the relationship between PC fulfilment, satisfaction, and future behavioral intention. Motivation-based volunteer subgroups based on cluster analysis were compared regarding their expectations and experiences of PC types as well as their overall satisfaction and future behavioral intention in a pre- and posttest study. The gap between expectations and experiences of PC types (PC fulfilment by gap: PCFg), and second, experience (satisfaction) of PC types (PC fulfilment by experience: PCFe) were tested using regression analysis to investigate the impact of PC fulfilment on satisfaction and future behavioral intention. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 261 sport event volunteers from three sport events in southeast Queensland, Australia. Among this volunteer sample, ideological PC was considered as the most important PC type overall, but different motivations were associated with different PC preferences. Volunteers who had different motivations had varying experiences of PC types, overall satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering. PCFe was highly related to overall satisfaction and future behavioral intention and was found to be a better predictor of volunteer satisfaction than PCFg. This study provides important theoretical and practical implications for sport event volunteerism approached from the perspective of PC types and motivations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric MacIntosh ◽  
Keita Kinoshita ◽  
Popi Sotiriadou

Competing at major sport events represents a significant experience for elite athletes. Research has determined that event services can affect athlete satisfaction, yet little is known about any influence on athlete performances. This study adapted the lens of transformative service research to examine, through survey research, the athletes’ perceptions of the impact that the service environment of the Commonwealth Games 2018 on the Gold Coast in Australia had on their satisfaction and subsequent performance. The results from 430 athlete surveys showed the significant relationships between service environment factors and athlete satisfaction and the indirect effects of the service environment on performance, through satisfaction. Thus, satisfaction acts as a mediator between the service environment and athlete performance. The effects of the service environment on athlete satisfaction and performance highlight the areas for future development across the athletes’ experience, from accommodations to social activities, that managers and event planners can enhance.


2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Kaplanidou ◽  
Jeremy S. Jordan ◽  
Daniel Funk ◽  
Lynn L. Ridinger

Hosting recurring sport events can be a solution for sustainable tourism development resulting in destination loyalty and higher place attachment levels. This study proposes active event sport tourists may include in their destination perceptions a number of destination and event attributes, given the direct association of the event with the place. The feasibility of the convergence of event and destination image attributes in one scale was explored and that scale’s influence on place attachment and on specific active sport tourists’ behaviors was examined. Data were collected from sport event tourist participants (n= 2,015) at a recurring marathon event via an online survey. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the factor structure of destination image to include event characteristics. Regression analysis was used to test the impact of destination image factors on behavioral intentions and place attachment and supported the predictive validity of destination image factors. Implications for event and destination marketers are discussed.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Filo ◽  
Daniel C. Funk ◽  
Danny O’Brien

Participatory sport events have emerged as viable fundraising mechanisms for charitable organizations. This article examines the impact that motives for charitable giving and sport event participation have on charity sport events. The authors examine the factors that attract participants to a charity sport event, while the role of charity in fostering attachment to the event is explored. Focus groups were conducted with charity sport event participants to discuss what motivated their participation. Results revealed that intellectual, social, and competency motives along with the motives of reciprocity, self-esteem, need to help others, and desire to improve the charity contribute to attraction. In addition, the results suggest that the charitable component influences social and competency motives and contributes to the development of attachment to the event. The authors recommend event managers work to foster and leverage the sense of community created through these events.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Twila-Mae Logan ◽  
Eritha Huntley Lewis ◽  
Clive Scott

This study examines changes in international tourist arrivals in Melbourne, Australia after the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and tourist arrivals in Jamaica after the 2007 Cricket World Cup matches to answer the questions: do international arrivals increase as a result of hosting a large sporting event, and how long is the impact sustained over the post-event period? Using data prior to the Games, autoregressive models with independent variables were used to model these series. The differences between the actual and predicted series after the Games were attributed to shocks caused by hosting the Commonwealth Games. In the Australian case, the results indicate that after the Games, international arrivals were marginally higher than before the Games. In the Jamaican case, the data indicate that while there was an increase in international tourist arrivals for the event, the international tourist arrivals from non-traditional countries increased after the World Cup Cricket matches.


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