Differences in Joint-Position Sense and Vibratory Threshold in Runners With and Without a History of Overuse Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Switlick ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Stacey Meardon
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
History Of

Context:A relationship between altered postural control and injury has been reported in sports. Sensorimotor function serves a fundamental role in postural control and is not often studied in runners. Persons who sustain running injury may have altered sensorimotor function contributing to risk of injury or reinjury.Objectives:To determine if differences in knee and ankle proprioception or plantar sensation exist between injured and noninjured runners.Design:Retrospective case-control study.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty runners with a history of lower-extremity overuse injury and 20 noninjured runners were examined. Injured runners were subcategorized into 2 groups based on site of injury: foot/ankle and knee/hip.Main Outcome Measures:Active absolute joint-repositioning error of the ankle at 20° inversion and 10° eversion and the knee at 15° and 40° flexion was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Vibratory threshold at the calcaneus, arch, and great toe was determined for each subject using a handheld electric sensory threshold instrument.Results:Runners in the injured-foot/ankle group had increased absolute error during ankle-eversion repositioning (6.55° ± 3.58°) compared with those in the noninjured (4.04° ± 1.78°, P = .01) and the hip/knee (3.63° ± 2.2°, P = .01) groups. Runners in the injured group, as a whole, had greater sensitivity in the arch of the plantar surface (2.94 ± 0.52 V) than noninjured runners (2.38 ± 0.53 V, P = .02).Conclusions:Differences in ankle-eversion proprioception between runners with a history of ankle and foot injuries and noninjured runners were observed. Runners with a history of injury also displayed an increased vibratory threshold in the arch region compared with noninjured runners. Poor ankle-joint-position sense and increased plantar sensitivity suggest altered sensorimotor function after injury. These factors may influence underlying postural control and contribute to altered loading responses commonly observed in injured runners.

Muscle Strength Deficit though Intact Proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain without Persistent Instability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M. Madkhali ◽  
Shibili Nuhmani
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Background Lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in competitive sports. Previous studies which investigated muscle strength and proprioception (joint position sense) focused on subjects who sustained ankle sprain with instability. It is also important to investigate strength deficits and proprioception in subjects with a history of ankle sprain without instability. Therefore the aim of the study is to investigate proprioception and muscle strength deficits in athletes with lateral ankle sprain. Methods Twenty-four male athletes with a history of lateral ankle sprain and 24 age-matched controls (mean age of 22.42±4.13 years, mean height of 173±5.73 cm, and mean weight of 71.20±7.55 Kg) participated in this cross-sectional study. Peak torque and peak torque ratio at speeds of 30 and 120°/s for concentric and eccentric ankle inversion/eversion were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. The joint position sense of the ankle joint was evaluated using an active angle reproduction test. Result Peak torque produced was significantly less in subjects with history of ankle sprain in concentric inversion 30°/s(t(47)=4.11; p=0.000, Cohen’s d=1.29), concentric inversion 120°/s (t(47)=3.01; p=0.006, Cohen’s d=1.13), concentric eversion 30°/s (t(47)=3.85; p=0.001, Cohen’s d=1.24) and concentric eversion 120°/s (t(47)=3.15; p=0.005, Cohen’s d=1.09). At the same time there was no significant difference observed in eccentric eversion peak torque in both speed (eccentric eversion 30°/s p=0.079; eccentric eversion 120°/s p=0.867) between experimental and control group. No significant difference was found in the joint position sense in the maximal active inversion −5° position (p=0.312) and the 15° inversion position (P=0.386) between both group. Conclusion The study’s results reported a significantly less peak torque of invertors and evertors during concentric movements in athletes with history of ankle sprain. At the same time, no significant difference reported in the evertor/invertor peak torque ratio, and active joint position sense between the 2 groups.

scholarly journals Effects of Tai Chi versus Proprioception Exercise Program on Neuromuscular Function of the Ankle in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xue-Qiang Wang ◽  
Jie-Jiao Zheng ◽  
Yu-Jian Pan ◽  
Ying-Hui Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Joint Position

Background. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese medicine exercise used for improving neuromuscular function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tai Chi versus proprioception exercise program on neuromuscular function of the ankle in elderly people.Methods. Sixty elderly subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of 20 subjects per group. For 16 consecutive weeks, subjects participated in Tai Chi, proprioception exercise, or no structured exercise. Primary outcome measures included joint position sense and muscle strength of ankle. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire upon study completion in Tai Chi and proprioception groups.Results. (1) Both Tai Chi group and proprioception exercise group were significantly better than control group in joint position sense of ankle, and there were no significant differences in joint position sense of ankle between TC group and PE group. (2) There were no significant differences in muscle strength of ankle among groups. (3) Subjects expressed more satisfaction with Tai Chi than with proprioception exercise program.Conclusions. None of the outcome measures on neuromuscular function at the ankle showed significant change posttraining in the two structured exercise groups. However, the subjects expressed more interest in and satisfaction with Tai Chi than proprioception exercise.

Shoulder Joint Position Sense in Injured and Noninjured Judo Athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly May Green ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Judo Athletes

Context:A reduction in joint position sense (JPS) is sometimes a consequence of shoulder injury that may adversely affect the ability to maintain dynamic joint stability.Objective:To compare shoulder JPS between previously injured and noninjured judokas.Design:Cohort study.Participants:Twenty-nine noninjured subjects (10.93 ± 3.45 years) and eleven injured subjects (15.09 ± 3.39 years).Main Outcome Measures:JPS was tested at 45° and 80°of shoulder external rotation at 90° of abduction.Results:No signifcant difference in JPS was found between previously injured and noninjured judokas at either joint position.Conclusion:Despite evidence that JPS acuity decreases following shoulder injury, this study did not demonstrate a difference in average error between previously injured and noninjured judokas. Uncontrolled confounding factors, such as age and time since injury, may have affected the results. Sport-specifc shoulder joint loading patterns may also be an important factor that affects JPS.

The Effects of Sex, Limb Dominance, and Soccer Participation on Knee Proprioception and Dynamic Postural Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutlu Cug ◽  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Bahman Golshaei ◽  
Sadettin Kirazci
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Limb Dominance

Context:Both female athletes’ participation in soccer and associated injuries have greatly increased in recent years. One issue is the 2–9 times greater incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes relative to male athletes in comparable sports. Several factors such as limb dominance and sporting history have been proposed to play a role in ACL incidence rates between male and female athletes. However, evidence about the effects of these factors and how they interact with sex is mixed, and thus no consensus exists.Objective:To quantify the effects of sports participation, limb dominance, and sex on dynamic postural control and knee-joint proprioception.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:19 male soccer players, 17 female soccer players, 19 sedentary men, and 18 sedentary women.Intervention:Joint-position sense was tested using reproduction of passive positioning on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer (30°, 45°, and 60° from 90° of knee flexion). Three Star Excursion Balance Test directions were used to assess dynamic postural control.Main Outcome Measure:Normalized reach distance (% of leg length) in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on each leg quantified dynamic postural control. Average absolute error and constant error for both limbs quantified joint-position sense.Results:Posteromedial reach distance was significantly better in soccer players than sedentary individuals (P = .006). Anterior reach distance was significantly better (P = .04) in sedentary individuals than soccer players. No limb-dominance or sex differences were identified for dynamic postural control, and no differences in absolute- or constant-error scores were identified.Conclusion:Sporting history has a direction-specific impact on dynamic postural control. Sporting history, sex, and limb dominance do not influence knee-joint proprioception when tested in an open kinetic chain using passive repositioning.

The Effects of Calf-Muscle Fatigue on Sagittal-Plane Joint-Position Sense in the Ankle

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery L. Huston ◽  
Michelle A. Sandrey ◽  
Mathew W. Lively ◽  
Kevin Kotsko
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Plane Joint

Context:There is limited information on the effect of dynamic fatiguing of the plantar flexors on joint-position sense (JPS).Objective:To examine the effects of fatigue on JPS for ankle plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF).Design:A 2 × 2 factorial design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:20 healthy subjects (10 men, 10 women; age 21.75 ± 1.48 years).Interventions:The subjects were tested at 10° DF and 20° PF in the nonfatigued and fatigued conditions on a custom-built JPS device. To induce fatigue, subjects stood with both feet in the plantar-flexed position until they could no longer hold the posture.Main Outcome Measures:JPS absolute error was measured at 10° DF and 20° PF.Results:There was no significant main effect for condition, measurement, or interaction between condition and measurement.Conclusion:With no difference between conditions, the main controller of conscious JPS of the lower extremity might be the tibialis anterior.

The Effect of Target Position on the Accuracy of Cervical-Spine-Rotation Active Joint-Position Sense

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nagai ◽  
Nicholas C. Clark ◽  
John P. Abt ◽  
Timothy C. Sell ◽  
Nicholas R. Heebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Active Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Rotation

Context:The cervical spine can be divided into upper and lower units, each making a different contribution to the magnitude of rotation and proprioception. However, few studies have examined the effect of the cervical-rotation positions on proprioception.Objective:To compare cervical-spine rotation active joint-position sense (AJPS) near midrange of motion (mid-ROM; 30°) and near end-ROM (60°).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Human performance research laboratory.Participants:53 military helicopter pilots (age 28.4 ± 6.2 y, height 175.3 ± 9.3 cm, weight 80.1 ± 11.8 kg).Main Outcome Measures:A motion-analysis system was used to record cervical-rotation kinematics. Subjects sat in a chair wearing a headband and blindfold. First, they actively rotated the head right or left to a target position (30°/60°), with real-time verbal cues provided by the tester. Subjects held the target position for 5 s and then returned to the start position. After this, they replicated the target position as closely as possible. Five trials were performed in both directions to both target positions (R30/R60/L30/L60). Order of direction/position was randomized. The difference between target and replicated positions was calculated and defined as absolute error (AE), and the mean of 5 trials was used for analyses. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to compare AJPS at the different target positions (P < .0125 with Bonferroni adjustments).Results:End-ROM AEs were significantly more accurate than mid-ROM AEs (P = .001).Conclusion:Cervical-spine-rotation AJPS is more accurate near end-ROM than mid-ROM. Both target positions should be used to examine cervical-spine-rotation AJPS of both the upper and lower units.

The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Walking on Joint-Position Sense: A Study on Healthy Knees

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliamarta Bottoni ◽  
Dieter Heinrich ◽  
Philipp Kofler ◽  
Michael Hasler ◽  
Werner Nachbauer
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Uphill Walking

Context:During sport activity, knee proprioception might worsen. This decrease in proprioceptive acuity negatively influences motor control and therefore may increase injury risk. Hiking is a common activity characterized by a higher-intensity-exercise phase during uphill walking and a lower-intensity-exercise phase during downhill walking. Pain and injuries are reported in hiking, especially during the downhill phase.Objective:To examine the effect of a hiking-fatigue protocol on joint-position sense.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:24 nonprofessional sportswomen without knee injuries.Main Outcome Measures:Joint-position sense was tested at the beginning, after 30 min uphill walking, and after 30 min downhill walking on a treadmill (continuous protocol).Results:After downhill walking, joint-position sense was significantly worse than in the test at the beginning (P = .035, α = .05). After uphill walking, no differences were observed in comparison with the test at the beginning (P = .172, α = .05) or the test after downhill walking (P = .165, α = .05).Conclusion:Downhill walking causes impairment in knee-joint-position sense. Considering these results, injury-prevention protocols for hiking should focus on maintaining and improving knee proprioception during the descending phase.

Assessing Functional Ankle Instability with Joint Position Sense, Time to Stabilization, and Electromyography

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathleen Brown ◽  
Scott Ross ◽  
Rick Mynark ◽  
Kevin Guskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Time To Stabilization

Context:Functional ankle instability (FAI) is difficult to identify and quantify.Objective:To compare joint position sense (JPS), time to stabilization (TTS), and electromy-ography (EMG) of ankle musculature in recreational athletes with and without FAI.Design:Case-control compared withttests and ANOVAs.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Participants:20 recreational athletes.Main Outcome Measures:Passive angle reproduction, TTS, and mean EMG amplitude of the tibialis anterior, peroneals, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles during single-leg-jump landing.Results:No differences in JPS or medial-lateral TTS measures between groups. Significantly longer anterior-posterior TTS (P< .05) in the unstable ankle group. The stable ankle group had significantly higher mean EMG soleus amplitude after landing (P< .05). No other significant differences were found for mean EMG amplitudes before or after landing.Conclusions:Subjects with FAI demonstrated deficits in landing stability and soleus muscle activity during landing that may represent chronic adaptive changes following injury.

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