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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Henriot-Jéhel ◽  
Jocelyn Lemire ◽  
Caroline Teulier ◽  
André Bussières ◽  
Arnaud Lardon

AbstractAssociated factors of back pain (BP) development before puberty and its persistence are poorly documented. We investigated the association and possible temporality between prior BP history (PBPH), muscular endurance (ME), aerobic capacity (AC), sport activity variables (SAV) and BP in children aged 6 to 12. We collected baseline characteristics (demographics, PBPH, ME, AC and SAV) of children from three primary schools in Canada. Parents replied to weekly text messages regarding their children BP status over an 8-month period. Logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounders. Data from 242 children (46% female; 8.6 ± 1.7 years) were included. Over the 8-month survey BP prevalence was 48.1%, while the cumulative incidence was 31.9%. The occurrence of at least one BP event was associated with PBPH [OR (IC 95%) = 6.33 (2.35–17.04)] and high AC [2.89 (1.21–6.90)]. High AC was also associated with the development of a first BP episode [2.78 (1.09–7.07)], but ME and SAV were not. BP appears to be relatively common before puberty. BP history seems to be strongly associated with BP recurrence in children. Aerobic capacity is associated with first BP episode development.


Author(s):  
Tracie O. Afifi ◽  
Tamara Taillieu ◽  
Samantha Salmon ◽  
Ashley Stewart-Tufescu ◽  
Shannon Struck ◽  
...  

AbstractAdolescents who have experienced adversity have an increased likelihood of using substances. This study examined if individual-, family-, school-, and community-level protective factors were associated with a decreased likelihood of substance use. Data from the Well-Being and Experiences Study (the WE Study) collected from 2017 to 2018 were used. The sample was adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (N = 1002) from Manitoba, Canada. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The prevalence of past 30-day substance use was 20.5% among boys and 29.2% among girls. Substance use was greater among adolescent girls compared to boys. Protective factors associated with an increased likelihood of not using substances included knowing culture or language, being excited for the future, picturing the future, sleeping 8 to 10 h per night (unadjusted models only), participating in non-sport activity organized by the school, having a trusted adult in the family, frequent hugs from parent, parent saying “I love you” (unadjusted models only), eating dinner together every day, mother and father understanding adolescent’s worries and problems, being able to confide in mother and father, feeling close to other students at school, having a trusted adult at school, feeling a part of school, having a trusted adult in the community (unadjusted models only), volunteering once a week or more, and feeling motivated to help and improve one’s community. Knowledge of protective factors related to decreased odds of substance use may help inform strategies for preventing substance use and ways to foster resilience among adolescents.


Author(s):  
Luis-de Cos Izaskun ◽  
Urrutia-Gutierrez Saioa ◽  
Luis-de Cos Gurutze ◽  
Arribas-Galarraga Silvia

Background: The practice of physical activity (PA) plays an important role in achieving an active-healthy lifestyle. Several authors have focused their studies on the relationship between motor competence (MC) and physical activity (PA). Stodden et al. proposed a conceptual model, where they postulated the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the two variables and that there are mediating variables that play a critical role in this relationship as perceived motor competence (PMC). Aims: Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence to support the conceptual model. The aim is to examine the association of PMC and MC with PA and to determine whether PMC is a mediator of the association between MC and PA in Basque adolescents. Methods: 897 students between 12 and 16 years old from the Basque Country (Spain) participated in this study. The SPORTCOMP battery was used to assess motor competence and the AMPET-R questionnaire was applied to measure the PMC. To know the level of PA participants were asked how many days per week they performed physical activity, considering physical activity to include any sport activity, organized or unorganized, that meets the conditions of a minimum duration of 60 min medium and vigorous intensity. A descriptive, correlational and direct/indirect effect approach was used, using the PROCESS macro for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results highlight that, on the one hand, PMC significantly correlates with both MC and PA and, on the other hand, it is corroborated that PMC is a mediator variable in the relationship between MC and PA. Conclusion: The mediation role of the PMC in the association between MC and PA raises the necessity not only to improve motor skills but also to provide successful experiences that allow adolescents to build a competent image of themselves that will contribute to the achievement and maintenance of an active lifestyle.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Falah Hassan Shadhan ◽  
Ali Abdulatif Ali

The importance of the research lies in creative administration and transformational leadership as new topics that play an integral role in scholastic sport development. The researchers came up with a question that they aim to answer through this researcher: what is the relationship between creative administration and transformational leadership? They used the descriptive method on (250) physical educators in preparatory school. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that physical educators have the ability to communicate with others and affect others positively. There is a relation between transformational leadership and creativity in physical educators.


Author(s):  
Ruth Cayero ◽  
Valentín Rocandio ◽  
Asier Zubillaga ◽  
Ignacio Refoyo ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
...  

Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes, defined as early as 4000 years ago (as a rope-less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings, and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art of TOW. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous information has been published on this topic. Anthropometric parameters for competitors are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 mL/kg/min. In terms of relative strength, the dynamic leg power is 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. Injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder–upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases, namely the “drop”, “hold” and “drive” phases. The maximal pulling force was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in the static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles: indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important in determining a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. A waist belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in TOW entails a high degree of dorsal muscle activity during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82 ± 5.59 for two contenders to 19.74 ± 2.22 for eight athletes, 6.4% in the sum of two pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5% of the pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.


Author(s):  
Dávid Molnár ◽  
Gabriella Gálffy ◽  
Alpár Horváth ◽  
Gábor Tomisa ◽  
Gábor Katona ◽  
...  

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of asthma and its associating environmental factors within a 6–12-year-old population. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in primary schools located in the capital of Hungary; 3836 eligible parent-reported questionnaires were evaluated. Besides the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three core questions for asthma, the survey also assessed various potential risk factors. We introduced the umbrella term cumulative asthma as the union of physician-diagnosed asthma and current wheezing to estimate the lifetime prevalence of asthma. Current wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma showed a frequency of 9.5% and 6.3%, respectively. They contributed to a cumulative asthma prevalence of 12.6% among the sampled population, with a girl-boy percentage of 37.4% to 62.6%. Air-pollution and weedy areas were associated with greater risk for asthma, while a suburban residence showed lesser odds. Indoor smoking, visible mold, and keeping a dog were defined as risk factors for asthma, while the presence of plants in the bedroom and pet rodents were associated with lower odds ratios. The consumption of fast food, beverages containing additives and margarine were significantly higher in asthmatics, while we found frequent sport activity and cereal intake associated with lower odds ratios for asthma. In this urban environment, we identified an increased asthma prevalence compared to some previously published studies, but the cross-sectional design and the different methodology did not permit us to draw timeframe-dependent conclusions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Licciardello ◽  
Michele Golino ◽  
Francesca Seganfreddo ◽  
Federica Matteo ◽  
Fulvio Lorenzo Francesco Giovenzana ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) is a cardiac conduction system disorder characterized by abnormal accessory conduction pathways between the atria and the ventricles. Palpitations, presyncope, or syncope that result from supraventricular tachycardia represent classic symptoms; however, especially in young athletes, the syndrome can occur with sudden cardiac death. As result, the presence of an accessory pathway (AP) and tachycardia induced by physical activity contraindicates agonist physical activity and represents an indication to perform an electrophysiology (EP) study to stratify the arrhythmic risk, also allowing an eventual transcatheter ablation (TCA) of the AP. Methods and results An agonist football player, known since the age of 6 years for Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome from an intermittent right midseptal parahissian AP, underwent a transesophageal EP study and subsequently ineffective TCA with radiofrequency when he was 13 years old. For evidence of intermittent ventricular preexcitation (VPE), at the age of 15 he underwent a further endocavitary EP study with documentation of poor conductive abilities of the AP. Subsequently, at the age of 17, he had a resumption of palpitation and lipotimie during effort; during another sport medical examination with an exercise stress test (EST), a persistent VPE with the start of an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia during the recovery phase was documented. A new EP study with isoprenaline infusion confermed the precence of the parahissian AP and the inducibility of an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (Picture 1-2B); therefore, after mapping the arrhythmia, a cryoablation of AP was performed (Picture 1c-1d). Nevertheless, 12 h after the procedure, there was still evidence of intermittent VPE. The patient was then discharged and, after a month, he repeated the EST with documentation of persistent VPE which suddenly disappeared at the peak of the exercise and reappeared during the recovery phase. At the 1-year follow-up, no arrhythmic recurrence but persistence of VPE was reported and a successive EST confirmed abrupt interruption of VPE at the peak of the exercise. Due to the low arrhythmic risk, sport activity was not more restricted. Conclusions This represents an original clinical case, as it raises the question of what practical criteria should be defined as an effective TCA of AP in a competitive athlete with unfavorable anatomy. The current guidelines (Sport Cardiology and Exercise 2020) provide useful indications in linear and common cases, but may be a source of doubts in particular cases. Therefore, only the experience and the careful evaluation of the individual patient can provide the key to a correct management of the cases like this.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
María Teresa Ortiz Romero ◽  
María Garrido Guzmán ◽  
Carolina Castañeda Vázquez

El estudio de la autoeficacia y la resiliencia favorece en el deportista el desarrollo de la fuerza mental, el control y mejora el rendimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el grado de autoeficacia y el nivel de resiliencia de deportistas de culturismo, fitness y en sujetos no entrenados. Se comprobaron las diferencias en las variables autoeficacia y resiliencia en función del sexo, la práctica deportiva de fitness o culturismo, o la ausencia de ésta. Participaron 179 personas de entre 18 y 69 años (51,4% hombres y 48,6% mujeres; 58,1% culturistas o practicantes de fitness y 41,9% no hacían ningún tipo de práctica deportiva). Se usó la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarzer (1996) para medir la autoeficacia y la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC10) para medir la resiliencia. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque los hombres presentaron un perfil más resiliente que las mujeres, fueron las personas que no realizaban práctica deportiva quienes mayormente reunían dicho rasgo, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas en este aspecto. Los resultados mostraron mejores percepciones de autoeficacia en culturistas y practicantes de fitness, así como de autoeficacia en los hombres sobre las mujeres. Se demostró la variabilidad de la resiliencia y sus dimensiones en función del deporte practicado, mostrándose los factores resilientes más débiles y que deberían ser desarrollados para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en situaciones adversas. Abstract. The study of self-efficacy and resilience is a challenge for sports psychology, favoring in the athlete the development of mental strength, control and improvement of performance. The objective of this research is to analyze the degree of self-efficacy and the level of resilience of the subjects. It is verified if there are significant differences in these variables, depending on sex, sports practice of fitness or bodybuilding and the absence of practice. This descriptive and cross-sectional study carry out using a sample of 179 people residing in Spain, between 18 and 69 years old (51.4% are men and 48.6% women; 58,1% bodybuilders or fitness people and 41,9% didn’t do any type of sports practice). The Baessler and Schwarzer (1996) General Self-Efficacy Scale is used to measure self-efficacy and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) to measure resilience. The results obtained show, according to sex, that men present higher values ​​in resilience and self-efficacy than women and, according to sport activity, that bodybuilders and fitness practitioners present better perceptions of self-efficacy, although not of resilience, than those who don´t do any sport. In conclusion, the variability of resilience and its dimensions depending on the sport practiced is demonstrated, showing the weakest resilient factors that should be developed to improve sports performance in adverse situations.


Author(s):  
Alaattin ARIKAN

Orienteering is an increasingly popular sport activity. Because orienteering is believed to improve cognitive, affective, and behavioural skills, it is used in many classes such as social studies, geography, and physical education. It is, thus, of critical importance to know attitudes towards orienteering, especially among middle school students to use orienteering more effectively and efficiently. This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure middle school students’ attitudes towards orienteering. To this end, the study sampled 600 students who were attending fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grades during the fall term of the 2019-2020 academic year. Expert opinion was sought for the content and face validity of the scale. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) conducted for the construct validity indicated a three-factor structure consisting of sixteen items, which accounted for 65.06% of the total variance. The factor loadings of the scale items ranged from 0.61 and 0.94. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the goodness of fit indices (GFI) were as follows: χ2/df = 2.37, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.88, SRMR = 0.05, RFI = 0.95, CFI =0.97, IFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.96, and NNFI = 0.97. The reliability of the scale was tested using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability coefficient, the significance of the correlation coefficients for the scale and subscales, and the upper and lower 27%. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be .92 for the total scale, .89 for the affective subscale, .89 for the behavioural subscale, and .72 for the cognitive subscale. Based on the findings, the Orienteering Attitudes Scale is a valid and reliable measure and can be used to measure middle school students’ attitudes towards orienteering.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11752
Author(s):  
Petra Pačesová

Sport activity can be a moderator of change in the level of cognitive and executive functions. This research sample consisted of 71 men aged 22.66 ± 1.91 years. This group was split into two subgroups: nonathletes (n = 26) and athletes (n = 45). The athletes included open skill sport athletes (n = 21) and closed skill sport athletes (n = 24). We used a standardized S-test to detect the level of cognitive functions, a standardized EPQ-R questionnaire to find out the degree of neuroticism and a standardized IVE questionnaire to measure the level of impulsivity. For data processing, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test following the Mann–Whitney test. To calculate the effect of size differences we used the coefficients η2 and r. Our research showed a higher level of cognitive function of athletes compared to nonathletes. More detailed data analysis showed that open skill sport disciplines are influential. There is also a negative relationship between the level of cognitive function and the degree of impulsivity and neuroticism. It seems that sport activity, specifically open skill sport disciplines, has the potential to increase the cognitive functions of young adult men. Personality traits—neuroticism and impulsivity—have a negative relationship with the level of cognitive functions of young men.


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