Joint Torques and Patellofemoral Force During Single-Leg Assisted and Unassisted Cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo R. Bini ◽  
Tiago C. Jacques ◽  
Marco A. Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Leg Cycling

Context:Unassisted single-leg cycling should be replaced by assisted single-leg cycling, given that this last approach has potential to mimic joint kinetics and kinematics from double-leg cycling. However, there is need to test if assisting devices during pedaling effectively replicate joint forces and torque from double-leg cycling.Objectives:To compare double-leg, single-leg assisted, and unassisted cycling in terms of lower-limb kinetics and kinematics.Design:Cross-sectional crossover.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:14 healthy nonathletes.Interventions:Two double-leg cycling trials (240 ± 23 W) and 2 single-leg trials (120 ± 11 W) at 90 rpm were performed for 2 min using a bicycle attached to a cycle trainer. Measurements of pedal force and joint kinematics of participants’ right lower limb were performed during double- and single-leg trials. For the single-leg assisted trial, a custom-made adaptor was used to attach 10 kg of weight to the contralateral crank.Main Outcome Measures:Peak hip, knee, and ankle torques (flexors and extensors) along with knee-flexion angle and peak patellofemoral compressive force.Results:Reduced peak hip-extensor torque (10%) and increased peak knee-flexor torque (157%) were observed at the single-leg assisted cycling compared with the double-leg cycling. No differences were found for peak patellofemoral compressive force or knee-flexion angle comparing double-leg with single-leg assisted cycling. However, single-leg unassisted cycling resulted in larger peak patellofemoral compressive force (28%) and lower knee-flexion angle (3%) than double-leg cycling.Conclusions:These results suggest that although single-leg assisted cycling differs for joint torques, it replicates knee loads from double-leg cycling.

scholarly journals Kinematic Comparison between Medially Congruent and Posterior-Stabilized Third-Generation TKA Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Stefano Ghirardelli ◽  
Jessica L. Asay ◽  
Erika A. Leonardi ◽  
Tommaso Amoroso ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Posterior Stabilized ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: This study compares knee kinematics in two groups of patients who have undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using two different modern designs: medially congruent (MC) and posterior-stabilized (PS). The aim of the study is to demonstrate only minimal differences between the groups. Methods: Ten TKA patients (4 PS, 6 MC) with successful clinical outcomes were evaluated through 3D knee kinematics analysis performed using a multicamera optoelectronic system and a force platform. Extracted kinematic data included knee flexion angle at heel-strike (KFH), peak midstance knee flexion angle (MSKFA), maximum and minimum knee adduction angle (KAA), and knee rotational angle at heel-strike. Data were compared with a group of healthy controls. Results: There were no differences in preferred walking speed between MC and PS groups, but we found consistent differences in knee function. At heel-strike, the knee tended to be more flexed in the PS group compared to the MC group; the MSKFA tended to be higher in the PS group compared to the MC group. There was a significant fluctuation in KAA during the swing phase in the PS group compared to the MC group, PS patients showed a higher peak knee flexion moment compared to MC patients, and the PS group had significantly less peak internal rotation moments than the MC group. Conclusions: Modern, third-generation TKA designs failed to reproduce normal knee kinematics. MC knees tended to reproduce a more natural kinematic pattern at heel-strike and during axial rotation, while PS knees showed better kinematics during mid-flexion.

scholarly journals Quadriceps Strength Symmetry Does Not Modify Gait Mechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Return-to-Sport Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652098007
Author(s):  
Elanna K. Arhos ◽  
Jacob J. Capin ◽  
Thomas S. Buchanan ◽  
Lynn Snyder-Mackler
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), biomechanical asymmetries during gait are highly prevalent, persistent, and linked to posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. Quadriceps strength is an important clinical measure associated with preoperative gait asymmetries and postoperative function and is a primary criterion for return-to-sport clearance. Evidence relating symmetry in quadriceps strength with gait biomechanics is limited to preoperative and early rehabilitation time points before return-to-sport training. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the relationship between symmetry in isometric quadriceps strength and gait biomechanics after return-to-sport training in athletes after ACLR. We hypothesized that as quadriceps strength symmetry increases, athletes will demonstrate more symmetric knee joint biomechanics, including tibiofemoral joint loading during gait. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Of 79 athletes enrolled in the ACL-SPORTS Trial, 76 were participants in this study after completing postoperative rehabilitation and 10 return-to-sport training sessions (mean ± SD, 7.1 ± 2.0 months after ACLR). All participants completed biomechanical walking gait analysis and isometric quadriceps strength assessment using an electromechanical dynamometer. Quadriceps strength was calculated using a limb symmetry index (involved limb value / uninvolved limb value × 100). The biomechanical variables of interest included peak knee flexion angle, peak knee internal extension moment, sagittal plane knee excursion at weight acceptance and midstance, quadriceps muscle force at peak knee flexion angle, and peak medial compartment contact force. Spearman rank correlation (ρ) coefficients were used to determine the relationship between limb symmetry indexes in quadriceps strength and each biomechanical variable; alpha was set to .05. Results: Of the 76 participants, 27 (35%) demonstrated asymmetries in quadriceps strength, defined by quadriceps strength symmetry <90% (n = 23) or >110% (n = 4) (range, 56.9%-131.7%). For the biomechanical variables of interest, 67% demonstrated asymmetry in peak knee flexion angle; 68% and 83% in knee excursion during weight acceptance and midstance, respectively; 74% in internal peak knee extension moment; 57% in medial compartment contact force; and 74% in quadriceps muscle force. There were no significant correlations between quadriceps strength index and limb symmetry indexes for any biomechanical variable after return-to-sport training ( P > .129). Conclusion: Among those who completed return-to-sport training after ACLR, subsequent quadriceps strength symmetry was not correlated with the persistent asymmetries in gait biomechanics. After a threshold of quadriceps strength is reached, restoring strength alone may not ameliorate gait asymmetries, and current clinical interventions and return-to-sport training may not adequately target gait.

Investigating the Effect of Real-Time Center of Pressure (CoP) Feedback Training on the Swing Phase of Lower Limb Kinematics in Transfemoral Prostheses with SACH foot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
Abhijeet Kujur ◽  
Jyoti Kumar ◽  
Deepak Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Angles

Abstract Transfemoral amputee often encounters reduced toe clearance resulting in trip-related falls. Swing phase joint angles have been shown to influence the toe clearance therefore, training intervention that targets shaping the swing phase joint angles can potentially enhance toe clearance. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of the shift in the location of the center of pressure (CoP) during heel strike on modulation of the swing phase joint angles in able-bodied participants (n=6) and transfemoral amputees (n=3). We first developed a real-time CoP-based visual feedback system such that participants could shift the CoP during treadmill walking. Next, the kinematic data were collected during two different walking sessions- baseline (without feedback) and feedback (shifting the CoP anteriorly/posteriorly at heel strike to match the target CoP location). Primary swing phase joint angle adaptations were observed with feedback such that during the mid-swing phase, posterior CoP shift feedback significantly increases (p&lt;0.05) the average hip and knee flexion angle by 11.55 degrees and 11.86 degrees respectively in amputees, whereas a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in ankle dorsiflexion, hip and knee flexion angle by 3.60 degrees, 3.22 degrees, and 1.27 degrees respectively compared to baseline was observed in able-bodied participants. Moreover, an opposite kinematic adaptation was seen during anterior CoP shift feedback. Overall, results confirm a direct correlation between the CoP shift and the modulation in the swing phase lower limb joint angles.

scholarly journals Relationship Between a Modified Thomas Test and Leg Range of Motion in Australian-Rules Football Kicking

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Young ◽  
Peter Clothier ◽  
Leonie Otago ◽  
Lyndell Bruce ◽  
David Liddell
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Australian Rules Football ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Hip Extension

Context:Flexibility tests are sometimes thought to be related to range of motion in dynamic activities, but such a relationship remains to be determined.Objective:To determine the correlation between flexibility and hip and knee angles in Australian football kicking.Design:Correlation.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:16 Australian Rules football players.Main Outcome Measures:Hip and knee angles of the preferred kicking leg in a relaxed position were determined with a modified Thomas test. Maximum hip extension, the knee-flexion angle in this position, the maximum knee-flexion angle, and the hip angle at this position during the swing phase of maximum-effort drop-punt kicks were determined.Results:Significant correlations were found between hip flexibility and maximum hip extension (r = .65, P < .01) and hip angle at the maximum knee-flexion angle (r = .70, P < .01).Conclusions:The data indicate a moderate association between hip flexibility and hip angles during kicking.

Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Molly Kujawa ◽  
Aleyna Goerlitz ◽  
Drew Rutherford ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Quadriceps Force

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.

scholarly journals Influence of body mass and lower limb length on knee flexion angle during walking in humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hora ◽  
Vladimír Sládek ◽  
Libor Soumar ◽  
Kateřina stráníková ◽  
Tomáš Michálek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle

scholarly journals Progressive Changes in Walking Kinematics and Kinetics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction: A Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 847-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay V. Slater ◽  
Joseph M. Hart ◽  
Adam R. Kelly ◽  
Christopher M. Kuenze
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Healthy Control

Context:  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) result in persistent alterations in lower extremity movement patterns. The progression of lower extremity biomechanics from the time of injury has not been described. Objective:  To compare the 3-dimensional (3D) lower extremity kinematics and kinetics of walking among individuals with ACL deficiency (ACLD), individuals with ACLR, and healthy control participants from 3 to 64 months after ACLR. Data Sources:  We searched PubMed and Web of Science from 1970 through 2013. Study Selection and Data Extraction:  We selected only articles that provided peak kinematic and kinetic values during walking in individuals with ACLD or ACLR and comparison with a healthy control group or the contralateral uninjured limb. Data Synthesis:  A total of 27 of 511 identified studies were included. Weighted means, pooled standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the healthy control, ACLD, and ACLR groups at each reported time since surgery. The magnitude of between-groups (ACLR versus ACLD, control, or contralateral limb) differences at each time point was evaluated using Cohen d effect sizes and associated 95% confidence intervals. Peak knee-flexion angle (Cohen d = −0.41) and external knee-extensor moment (Cohen d = −0.68) were smaller in the ACLD than in the healthy control group. Peak knee-flexion angle (Cohen d range = −0.78 to −1.23) and external knee-extensor moment (Cohen d range = −1.39 to −2.16) were smaller in the ACLR group from 10 to 40 months after ACLR. Reductions in external knee-adduction moment (Cohen d range = −0.50 to −1.23) were present from 9 to 42 months after ACLR. Conclusions:  Reductions in peak knee-flexion angle, external knee-flexion moment, and external knee-adduction moment were present in the ACLD and ACLR groups. This movement profile during the loading phase of gait has been linked to knee-cartilage degeneration and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis after ACLR.

scholarly journals Quadriceps Neuromuscular Function and Jump-Landing Sagittal-Plane Knee Biomechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H. Ward ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
Darin A. Padua ◽  
Laura E. Stanley ◽  
Matthew S. Harkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Peak Knee

Context:  Aberrant biomechanics may affect force attenuation at the knee during dynamic activities, potentially increasing the risk of sustaining a knee injury or hastening the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Impaired quadriceps neuromuscular function has been hypothesized to influence the development of aberrant biomechanics. Objective:  To determine the association between quadriceps neuromuscular function (strength, voluntary activation, and spinal-reflex and corticomotor excitability) and sagittal-plane knee biomechanics during jump landings in individuals with ACLR. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty-eight individuals with unilateral ACLR (7 men, 21 women; age = 22.4 ± 3.7 years, height = 1.69 ± 0.10 m, mass = 69.4 ± 10.1 kg, time postsurgery = 52 ± 42 months). Main Outcome Measure(s):  We quantified quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability via the Hoffmann reflex normalized to maximal muscle response (H : M ratio), corticomotor excitability via active motor threshold, strength as knee-extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and voluntary activation using the central activation ratio (CAR). In a separate session, sagittal-plane kinetics (peak vertical ground reaction force [vGRF] and peak internal knee-extension moment) and kinematics (knee-flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee-flexion angle, and knee-flexion excursion) were collected during the loading phase of a jump-landing task. Separate bivariate associations were performed between the neuromuscular and biomechanical variables. Results:  In the ACLR limb, greater MVIC was associated with greater peak knee-flexion angle (r = 0.38, P = .045) and less peak vGRF (r = −0.41, P = .03). Greater CAR was associated with greater peak internal knee-extension moment (ρ = −0.38, P = .045), and greater H : M ratios were associated with greater peak vGRF (r = 0.45, P = .02). Conclusions:  Greater quadriceps MVIC and CAR may provide better energy attenuation during a jump-landing task. Individuals with greater peak vGRF in the ACLR limb possibly require greater spinal-reflex excitability to attenuate greater loading during dynamic movements.

scholarly journals Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Yuta Matsuzawa ◽  
Takasuke Miyazaki ◽  
Yasufumi Takeshita ◽  
Naoto Higashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Leg extension angle is important for increasing the propulsion force during gait and is a meaningful indicator for evaluating gait quality in stroke patients. Although leg extension angle during late stance might potentially also affect lower limb kinematics during the swing phase, the relationship between these two remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during pre-swing and swing phase in post-stroke gait. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine stroke patients walked along a 16 m walkway at a self-selected speed. Tilt angles and acceleration of pelvis and paretic lower limb segments were measured using inertial measurement units. Leg extension angle, consisting of a line connecting the hip joint with the ankle joint, hip and knee angles, and increments of velocity during pre-swing and swing phase were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between these parameters. Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower limb (FMA-LL) was also performed. Results: On the paretic side, leg extension angle was positively correlated with knee flexion angle during the swing phase (r = 0.721, p < 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (r = 0.740–0.846, p < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the FMA-LL showed significant correlation between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during the swing phase (r = 0.602, p = 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (r = 0.655–0.886, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Leg extension angle affected kinematics during the swing phase in post-stroke gait regardless of the severity of paralysis, and was similar during the pre-swing phase. These results would guide the development of effective gait training programs that enable a safe and efficient gait for stroke patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document