Correlation Between Ankle-Dorsiflexion and Hip-Flexion Range of Motion and the Functional Movement Screen Hurdle-Step Score

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Janicki ◽  
Craig L. Switzler ◽  
Bradley T. Hayes ◽  
Charlie A. Hicks-Little
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hip Flexion

Context:Functional movement screening (FMS) has been gaining popularity in the fields of sports medicine and performance. Currently, limited research has examined whether FMS screening that identifies low FMS scores is attributed primarily to limits in range of motion (ROM).Objective:To compare scores from the FMS hurdle-step movement with ROM measurements for ankle dorsiflexion and hip flexion (HF).Design:Correlational research design.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Participants:20 healthy active male (age 21.2 ± 2.4 y, weight 77.8 ± 10.2 kg, height 180.8 ± 6.8 cm) and 20 healthy active female (21.3 ± 2.0 y, 67.3 ± 8.9 kg, 167.4 ± 6.6 cm) volunteers.Intervention:All 40 participants completed 3 trials of the hurdle-step exercise bilaterally and goniometric ROM measurements for active ankle dorsiflexion and HF.Main Outcome Measures:Correlations were determined between ROM and FMS scores for right and left legs. In addition, mean data were compared between FMS scores, gender, and dominant and nondominant limbs.Results:There were no significant correlations present when all participants were grouped. However, when separated by gender significant correlations were identified. There was a weak correlation with HF and both hurdle-step (HS) and average hurdle-step (AHS) scores on both left (r = .536, P = .015 and r = .512, P = .012) and right (r = .445, P = .049 and r = .565, P = .009) legs for women. For men, there was a poor negative correlation of HF and both HS and AHS on the left leg (r = –.452, P = .045 and r = .451, P = .046).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that although hip and ankle ROMs do not have a strong relationship with FMS hurdle-step scores, they are a contributing factor. More research should be conducted to identify other biomechanical factors that contribute to individual FMS test scores.

Lack of Neuromuscular Origins of Adaptation After a Long-Term Stretching Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Hayes ◽  
Rod A. Harter ◽  
Jeffrey J. Widrick ◽  
Daniel P. Williams ◽  
Mark A. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Reflex Pathway ◽  
Medicine Research

Context:Static stretching is commonly used during the treatment and rehabilitation of orthopedic injuries to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle flexibility. Understanding the physiological adaptations that occur in the neuromuscular system as a result of long-term stretching may provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for changes in flexibility.Objective:To examine possible neurological origins and adaptations in the Ia-reflex pathway that allow for increases in flexibility in ankle ROM, by evaluating the reduction in the synaptic transmission of Ia afferents to the motoneuron pool.Design:Repeated-measures, case-controlled study.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Participants:40 healthy volunteers with no history of cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or lower extremity surgery or injury within the previous 12 mo.Intervention:Presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms were evaluated with a chronic stretching protocol. Twenty subjects stretched 5 times a wk for 6 wk. All subjects were measured at baseline, 3 wk, and 6 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM, Hmax:Mmax, presynaptic inhibition, and disynaptic reciprocal inhibition.Results:Only ROM had a significant interaction between group and time, whereas the other dependent variables did not show significant differences. The experimental group had significantly improved ROM from baseline to 3 wk (mean 6.2 ± 0.9, P < .001), 3 wk to 6 wk (mean 5.0 ± 0.8, P < .001), and baseline to 6 wk (mean 11.2 ±0.9, P < .001).Conclusions:Ankle dorsiflexion increased by 42.25% after 6 wk of static stretching, but no significant neurological changes resulted at any point of the study, contrasting current literature. Significant neuromuscular origins of adaptation do not exist in the Ia-reflex-pathway components after a long-term stretching program as currently understood. Thus, any increases in flexibility are the result of other factors, potentially mechanical changes or stretch tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of Fatigue on Functional Movement Screening Performance in Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Armstrong ◽  
Christopher M Brogden ◽  
Debbie Milner ◽  
Debbie Norris ◽  
Matt Greig
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Functional Movement Screening

OBJECTIVE: Dance is associated with a high risk of injury, with fatigue identified as a contributing factor. Functional movement screening (FMS) has been used to identify alterations in normal movement which may contribute to injury risk, though this test is not normally performed in a fatigued state. The aim of this study was to determine whether fatigue induced by the dance aerobic fitness test (DAFT) results in changes in FMS scores with implications for performance and injury risk. METHODS: Forty-one university dancers completed the FMS before and immediately after completion of the DAFT. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were quantified as measures of fatigue. RESULTS: Post-DAFT, the mean FMS composite score (15.39±1.86) was significantly less (p≤0.01) than the pre-exercise score (16.83±1.83). Element-specific analysis revealed that the deep squat, non-dominant lunge, and dominant inline lunge scores were all significantly impaired post-DAFT (all p≤0.01). CONCLUSION: The identification of changes in quality of movement in a fatigued state suggests that movement screening should also be performed post-exercise to enhance screening for injury risk. The influence of dance-specific fatigue was FMS element-specific. Specifically, the deep squat and inline lunge were most susceptible to fatigue, with implications for injury risk and performance and reflective of the high level of neuromuscular control required.

Association of Ankle Kinematics and Performance on the Y-Balance Test With Inclinometer Measurements on the Weight-Bearing-Lunge Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion has often been measured in the weight-bearing condition in the clinical setting; however, little is known about the relationship between the weight-bearing-lunge test (WBLT) and both ankle kinematics and performance on dynamic postural-control tests.Objective:To examine whether ankle kinematics and performance on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) are correlated with results of the WBLT using an inclinometer and tape measure.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motionanalysis laboratory.Participants:30 physically active participants.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measures:The WBLT was evaluated using an inclinometer and a tape measure. The reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on the YBT-LQ were normalized by limb length. Ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ was recorded using a 3-dimensional motion-analysis system. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the WBLT results and both ankle dorsiflexion and the normalized reach distance in each direction on the YBT-LQ.Results:The WBLT results were significantly correlated with ankle dorsiflexion in all directions on the YBT-LQ (P < .05). A strong correlation was found between the inclinometer measurement of the WBLT and ankle dorsiflexion (r = .74, r2 = .55), whereas the tape-measure results on the WBLT were moderately correlated with ankle dorsiflexion (r = .64, r2 = .40) during the anterior reach on the YBT-LQ. Only the normalized anterior reach distance was significantly correlated with the results for the inclinometer (r = .68, r2 = .46) and the tape measure (r = .64, r2 = .41) on the WBLT.Conclusions:Inclinometer measurements on the WBLT can be an appropriate tool for predicting the amount of ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ. Furthermore, WBLT should be measured in those who demonstrate poor dynamic balance.

Functional Movement Screening as a Predictor of Mechanical Loading and Performance in Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Armstrong ◽  
Christopher Michael Brogden ◽  
Debbie Milner ◽  
Debbie Norris ◽  
Matt Greig
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Functional Movement Screening

Fatigue’s Effect on Eversion Force Sense in Individuals With and Without Functional Ankle Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Wright ◽  
Brent L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Force Sense

Context:Force sense (FS), the proprioceptive ability to detect muscle-force generation, has been shown to be impaired in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI). Fatigue can also impair FS in healthy individuals, but it is unknown how fatigue affects FS in individuals with FAI.Objective:To assess the effect of fatigue on ankle-eversion force-sense error in individuals with and without FAI. Design: Case control with repeated measures.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Participants:32 individuals with FAI and 32 individuals with no ankle sprains or instability in their lifetime. FAI subjects had a history of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain and giving-way ≥1 episode per month.Interventions:Three eversion FS trials were captured per load (10% and 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction) using a load cell before and after a concentric eversion fatigue protocol.Main Outcome Measures:Trial error was the difference between the target and reproduction forces. Constant error (CE), absolute error (AE), and variable error (VE) were calculated from 3 trial errors. A Group × Fatigue × Load repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for each error.Results:There were no significant 3-way interactions or 2-way interactions involving group (all P > .05). CE and AE had a significant 2-way interaction between load and fatigue (CE: F1,62 = 8.704, P = .004; AE: F1,62 = 4.024, P = .049), and VE had a significant main effect for fatigue (F1,62 = 5.130, P = .027), all of which indicated increased FS error with fatigue at 10% load. However, at 30% load only VE increased with fatigue. The FAI group had greater error as measured by AE (F1,62 = 4.571, P = .036) but not CE or VE (P > .05).Conclusions:Greater AE indicates that FAI individuals are less accurate in their force production. Fatigue impaired force sense in all subjects equally. These deficits provide evidence of impaired proprioception with fatigue and in individuals with FAI.

Effect of Stretching on Ankle and Knee Angles and Gastrocnemius Activity during the Stance Phase of Gait

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Johanson ◽  
Brian J. Cuda ◽  
Jonathan E. Koontz ◽  
Julia C. Stell ◽  
Thomas A. Abelew
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Experimental Group

Context:Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed for patients and healthy individuals with limited extensibility of the gastrocnemius muscle.Objective:To determine effects of gastrocnemius stretching on ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and gastrocnemius muscle activity during gait.Design:Randomized-control trial.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:Sixteen volunteers (9 men and 7 women, mean age = 27 y) with less than 5° of passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion randomly assigned to an experimental or control group.Intervention:The experimental group performed gastrocnemius stretching for 3 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, and EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius muscles were measured between heel strike and heel-off before and after intervention.Results:No significant effect of group or time was found on maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, or EMG activity of the medial or lateral gastrocnemius muscles between heel strike and heel-off. The experimental group had significantly greater passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion bilaterally at posttest than the control group.Conclusions:Stretching did not alter joint angles or gastrocnemius muscle activity in the early to midstance phase of gait.

Effects of Core-Musculature Fatigue on Maximal Shoulder Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Rosemeyer ◽  
Bradley T. Hayes ◽  
Craig L. Switzler ◽  
Charlie A. Hicks-Little
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shoulder Strength

Context:Core stability has been shown to affect lower-extremity motion, but activation of the core has also been observed just before movements of the upper extremity. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effects that core musculature has on upper-extremity strength.Objective:To determine the effects of core fatigue on maximal shoulder strength.Design:Crossover study.Setting:Sports-medicine research laboratory.Participants:23 participants (15 male and 8 female, age 21.3 ± 2.5 y, height 174.5 ± 10.3 cm, weight 71.3 ± 12.0 kg).Intervention:All participants performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions in 3 different planes (sagittal, frontal, transverse) of shoulder-joint motion. A core-fatiguing protocol was conducted, and the same 3 shoulder-strength tests were repeated and compared with the initial measurements.Main Outcome Measures:Strength measures were recorded in kilograms with a dynamometer.Results:Results showed a significant decrease in strength in the frontal (−0.56 ± 1.06 kg, P = .020) and transverse (−0.89 ± 1.49 kg, P = .012) planes but not in the sagittal plane (−0.20 ± 0.98 kg, P > .05). Furthermore, regardless of the specific strength test measured, results revealed that the 1st (−7.05% ± 11.65%, P = .012) and 2nd (−5.71% ± 12.03%, P = .042) strength-test measurements after the fatiguing protocol were significantly decreased, while the 3rd strength-test measurement (−4.19% ± 12.48%, P = .140) did not show statistical significance.Conclusion:These results indicate that decrease in core stability may have an influence on shoulder strength. The literature suggests that the core is designed for endurance, and this study helps validate its recovery properties. Further research is needed to determine the significance of this effect and how injury rates coincide.

Effects of a Single-Task Versus a Dual-Task Paradigm on Cognition and Balance in Healthy Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Ross ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Karen L. McCulloch ◽  
William E. Prentice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Task Conditions

Context:Recent evidence has revealed deficiencies in the ability to divide attention after concussion.Objective:To examine the effects of a single vs a dual task on cognition and balance in healthy subjects and to examine reliability of 2 dual-task paradigms while examining the overall feasibility of the tasks.Design:Pretest–posttest experimental design.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients:30 healthy, recreationally active college students.Intervention:Subjects performed balance and cognitive tasks under the single- and dual-task conditions during 2 test sessions 14 d apart.Main Outcome Measures:The procedural reaction-time (PRT) test of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (eyes-closed tasks) and an adapted Procedural Auditory Task (PAT; eyes-open tasks) were used to assess cognition. The NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) were used to assess balance performance. Five 2-way, within-subject ANOVAs and a paired-samples t test were used to analyze the data. ICCs were used to assess reliability across 2 test sessions.Results:On the SOT, performance significantly improved between test sessions (F1,29 = 35.695, P < .001) and from the single to the dual task (F1,29 = 9.604, P = .004). On the PRT, performance significantly improved between test sessions (F1,29 = 57.252, P < .001) and from the single to the dual task (F1,29 = 7.673, P = .010). No differences were seen on the BESS and the PAT. Reliability across test sessions ranged from moderate to poor for outcome measure.Conclusions:The BESS appears to be a more reliable and functional tool in dual-task conditions as a result of its increased reliability and clinical applicability. In addition, the BESS is more readily available to clinicians than the SOT.

Effects of a 3-Minute Standing Stretch on Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Pratt ◽  
Richard Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Passive Stretch ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Context:Stretching exercise regimens are routinely prescribed to increase range of motion (ROM) and diminish injuries.Objective:To examine the effect of a 3-minute passive stretch on ankle-dorsiflexion ROM in a nonpathological population.Setting:University laboratory.Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled study.Participants:24 apparently healthy volunteers.Interventions:Subjects stood with their heels suspended from the edge of a platform. The experimental subjects stretched for 3 minutes on 3 consecutive days.Main Outcome Measures:Passive ankle-dorsiflexion ROM.Results:Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly (P< .0005) over the course of each day’s stretch. No significant gains in ankle-dorsiflexion ROM were realized over 3 days.Conclusions:These findings suggest the need for further research to determine the stretching frequency and duration that will result in lasting increases in ankle-dorsiflexion ROM

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