Tibial Acceleration and Spatiotemporal Mechanics in Distance Runners During Reduced-Body-Weight Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Moran ◽  
Brendan J. Rickert ◽  
Beau K. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Step Rate ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Tibial Shock ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Treadmills that unload runners via a differential air-pressure (DAP) bladder (eg, AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill) are commonly used to reduce effective body weight (BW) in a clinical setting. However, the relationship between the level of unloading and tibial stress is currently unknown.Objective:To determine the relationship between tibial impact acceleration and level of BW unloading during running.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:15 distance runners (9 male, 6 female; 20.4 ± 2.4 y, 60.1 ± 12.6 kg).Main Outcome Measures:Peak tibial acceleration and peak-to-peak tibial acceleration were measured via a uniaxial accelerometer attached to the tibia during a 37-min continuous treadmill run that simulated reduced-BW conditions via a DAP bladder. The trial began with a 10-min run at 100% BW followed by nine 3-min stages where BW was systematically reduced from 95% to 60% in 5% increments.Results:There was no significant relationship between level of BW and either peak tibial acceleration or peak-to-peak tibial acceleration (P > .05). Both heart rate and step rate were significantly reduced with each 5% reduction in BW level (P < .01).Conclusions:Although ground-reaction forces are reduced when running in reduced-BW conditions on a DAP treadmill, tibial shock magnitudes are unchanged as an alteration in spatiotemporal running mechanics (eg, reduced step rate) and may nullify the unloading effect.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shafie Bafti ◽  
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour ◽  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Zeinab Hoseinian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson’s regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.

scholarly journals Relationship between School Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children 8 to 10 Years of Age: An Observational, Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania López Hernández ◽  
Marina Caparó Ferré ◽  
Sílvia Giné Martí ◽  
Isabel Salvat Salvat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
The Relationship

Back pain in children is a reality and various factors are involved in its etiology. The study’s aim was to analyze the relationship between the use and type of backpack and pain in children. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 schoolchildren between 8–10 years. Data on the participants’ weight and height and their backpacks were collected, as well as the way of travel to school and their physical activity during the week. The results indicated that all backpacks were large because the backpack’s height is longer than torso length. Participants who studied in a traditional educational system (62.60%) carried backpacks that exceeded 10% of their body weight. Additionally, 31.7% of the students presented pain. There is no significant correlation between the weight or type of backpack and the pressure pain threshold collected from shoulders muscles. Participants who carried backpacks heavier than 10% of their body weight did not have more musculoskeletal pain or a lower pressure pain threshold than the others, although they did report greater fatigue. All these topics should be debated considering the student’s social environment and the backpack’s discomfort to the children, even though no relationship was found between musculoskeletal pain and backpack weight.

Association of Ankle Kinematics and Performance on the Y-Balance Test With Inclinometer Measurements on the Weight-Bearing-Lunge Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion has often been measured in the weight-bearing condition in the clinical setting; however, little is known about the relationship between the weight-bearing-lunge test (WBLT) and both ankle kinematics and performance on dynamic postural-control tests.Objective:To examine whether ankle kinematics and performance on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) are correlated with results of the WBLT using an inclinometer and tape measure.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motionanalysis laboratory.Participants:30 physically active participants.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measures:The WBLT was evaluated using an inclinometer and a tape measure. The reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on the YBT-LQ were normalized by limb length. Ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ was recorded using a 3-dimensional motion-analysis system. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the WBLT results and both ankle dorsiflexion and the normalized reach distance in each direction on the YBT-LQ.Results:The WBLT results were significantly correlated with ankle dorsiflexion in all directions on the YBT-LQ (P < .05). A strong correlation was found between the inclinometer measurement of the WBLT and ankle dorsiflexion (r = .74, r2 = .55), whereas the tape-measure results on the WBLT were moderately correlated with ankle dorsiflexion (r = .64, r2 = .40) during the anterior reach on the YBT-LQ. Only the normalized anterior reach distance was significantly correlated with the results for the inclinometer (r = .68, r2 = .46) and the tape measure (r = .64, r2 = .41) on the WBLT.Conclusions:Inclinometer measurements on the WBLT can be an appropriate tool for predicting the amount of ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ. Furthermore, WBLT should be measured in those who demonstrate poor dynamic balance.

scholarly journals Berkontribusikah konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Qoirinasari Qoirinasari ◽  
Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak ◽  
Kusdalinah Kusdalinah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Overweight is a state that exceeds the relative body weight of a person as a result of the accumulation of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This condition is caused by an imbalance between energy consumption compared to the needs or the use of energy. This study aims to determine the relationship of consumption patterns of sweet drinks to excess body weight teenagers in SMP IT IQRA  Bengkulu 2018.  This study is a cross-sectional research design. A sample is all teenagers who have overweight (overweight and obesity) as much as 57 teenagers. consumption of sweet drinks was collected by interviews using Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). The result showed that there was no contribution of consumption of sweet drinks to overweight teenagers (p-value 0.590). The habit of consuming sweet drinks does not contribute to increased body weight in teenagers who have excess body weight. To prevent overweight is recommended to consume balanced nutrition and avoid foods and beverages high in glucose.Berat badan berlebih adalah suatu keadaan yang melebihi dari berat badan relatif seseorang sebagai akibat penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi energi dibandingkan kebutuhan atau pemakaian energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja di SMP IT IQRA’ kota Bengkulu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel adalah seluruh remaja yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih (overweight dan obesitas) yang diambil dengan metode Total sampling yaitu sebanyak 57 remaja. konsumsi minuman manis dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kontribusi konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja (p value 0.593). Kebiasaan mengonsumsi minuman manis tidak berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada remaja yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Untuk mencegah berat badan berlebih disarankan  mengonsumsi gizi seimbang dan menghindari makanan dan minuman yang tinggi glukosa.

Relationship between a Lumbopelvic Stabilization Strength Test and Pelvic Motion in Running

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Bickham ◽  
Warren Young ◽  
Peter Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pelvic Motion ◽  
Lumbopelvic Stabilization ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:To determine the relationship between lumbopelvic (LP) stabilization strength and pelvic motion during running.Design:Runners were assessed for pelvic motion and undertook an LP stabilization strength test.Participants:Sixteen elite male middle- and long-distance runners.interventions:Pelvis kinematics were assessed while subjects ran at 5 m/s on a treadmill.Main Outcome Measures:Angular pelvis displacement was divided into 3 axes of rotation: pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation. LP stabilization strength was the capacity to resist increasing static loads applied to each leg and maintain a neutral LP zone. Intercorrelations were calculated for all measures of pelvic motion and LP stabilization strength.Results:There were no significant relationships found among any of the variables (P> .05). However, the LP stabilization strength test possessed good interday reliability.Conclusions:The relationship between pelvic motion and muscle function should be studied under a variety of other conditions.

Effects of vigorous exercise training and β-agonist administration on bone response to hindlimb suspension

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Bloomfield ◽  
Beverly E. Girten ◽  
Steven E. Weisbrode
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
The Relationship

Bloomfield, Susan A., Beverly E. Girten, and Steven E. Weisbrode. Effects of vigorous exercise training and β-agonist administration on bone response to hindlimb suspension. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 172–178, 1997.—The effectiveness of dobutamine (Dob) in preventing bone loss during 14 days of hindlimb suspension (Sus) was tested in exercise-trained (Ex; n = 25) and sedentary (Sed; n = 22) rats (age 155 days). One-half of each group was given Dob (2 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) or saline (Sal). Histomorphometric measurements at midfemur revealed a 17% smaller cortical bone area (CBA) and a 32% lower periosteal mineral apposition rate (MAR) in suspended vs. nonsuspended Sed/Sal rats. Dob abolished this decline in CBA in Sed/Sus rats, probably via an attenuation of the decrease in periosteal MAR; similar but nonsignificant effects on cross-sectional moment of inertia were observed. Nonsuspended Ex rats had no change in bone CBA when CBA is indexed to body weight. Sus appeared to uncouple the relationship between soleus weight and CBA. Dob attenuated the 43% decline in soleus weight after Sus in Ex but not in Sed rats. In summary, vigorous Ex before Sus does not affect loss of bone mass due to unloading; Dob effectively maintains CBA in Sed rats subjected to suspension.

Augmented Feedback Reduces Ground Reaction Forces in the Landing Phase of the Volleyball Spike Jump

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
Loren Finn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Augmented Feedback ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Forces

Context:Frequency and magnitude of ground reaction forces (GRF) have been implicated in causing injuries such as “jumpers knee.”Objective:To investigate whether a single session of augmented feedback concerning landing technique would decrease GRF.Design:Pretest posttest experimental design.Setting:University biomechanics laboratory.Participants:Fifteen female Division 1 intercollegiate volleyball players.Intervention:Participants were required to land on a force platform after spiking a volleyball from a four-step approach before and after an intervention involving visual and aural augmented feedback on correct jumping and landing technique.Main Outcome Measures:Mediolateral (ML), anterioposterior (AP), and vertical (V) GRF normalized to body weight (BW).Results:Augmented feedback was found to significantly (P = 0.01) decrease VGRF by 23.6% but not ML (25%, P = 0.16) and AP (4.9%, P = 0.40) peak GRF.Conclusions:A single session of augmented feedback may be effective in reducing VGRF in collegiate athletes.

scholarly journals The Interaction between Coffee: Caffeine Consumption, UCP2 Gene Variation, and Adiposity in Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Freitag Luglio Muhammad ◽  
Dian Caturini Sulistyoningrum ◽  
Emy Huriyati ◽  
Yi Yi Lee ◽  
Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Ucp2 Gene ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Coffee is suggested as an alternative option for weight loss but the relationship between coffee consumption and adiposity in population-based studies is still controversial. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between coffee intake and adiposity in adults and to test whether uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene variation was able to affect this relationship. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in male and female adults living in the urban area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Adiposity was determined based on body weight, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and waist and hip circumference. Data on coffee consumption and other dietary components were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire along with other caffeine-containing beverages such as tea, chocolate, and other beverages. The −866 G/A UCP2 gene variation was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The correlation between coffee intake and adiposity was tested using linear regression test with adjustment for sex, age, energy intake, table sugar intake, and total caffeine intake. Results. In all subjects, coffee intake was inversely correlated with body weight (β = −0.122, p=0.028), BMI (β = −0.157, p=0.005), and body fat (β = −0.135, p=0.009). In subjects with AA + GA genotypes, coffee intake was inversely correlated with body weight (β = −0.155, p=0.027), BMI (β = −0.179, p=0.010), and body fat (β = −0.148, p=0.021). By contrast, in subjects with GG genotype, coffee intake was not correlated with body weight (β = −0.017, p=0.822), BMI (β = −0.068, p=0.377), and body fat (β = −0.047, p=0.504). Conclusion. We showed that coffee intake was negatively correlated with adiposity, and this was independent of total caffeine intake. Additionally, we showed that the −866 G/A UCP2 gene variation influences the relationship between coffee intake and adiposity.

Normalization of Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Moments, and Free Moments in Human Locomotion

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wannop ◽  
Jay T. Worobets ◽  
Darren J. Stefanyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Free Moments ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Free Moment ◽  
The Relationship

Authors who report ground reaction force (GRF), free moment (FM), and resultant joint moments usually normalize these variables by division normalization. Normalization parameters include body weight (BW), body weight x height (BWH), and body weight x leg length (BWL). The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriateness of division normalization, power curve normalization, and offset normalization on peak GRF, FM, and resultant joint moments. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected on 98 subjects who walked at 1.2 and 1.8 m/s and ran at 3.4 and 4.0 m/s. Linear curves were best fit to the data, and regression analyses performed to test the significance of the correlations. It was found that the relationship between peak force and BW, as well as joint moments and BW, BWH, and BWL, were not always linear. After division normalization, significant correlations were still found. Power curve and offset normalization, however, were effective at normalizing all variables; therefore, when attempting to normalize GRF and joint moments, perhaps nonlinear or offset methods should be implemented.

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