The Effects of Concussions on Batting Performance in Major League Baseball Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Turbyfill ◽  
Logan J. Hatley ◽  
Alan R. Needle
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
The Impact

Clinical Scenario: The impact of concussion in baseball athletes is far reaching although typically less studied than collision sports. The neuromotor sequelae of these injuries can have lasting effects on the high level of coordination needed in baseball skills. In professional athletes, the long-term effects of concussion combined with the high demands for performance can potentially shorten athletes’ careers. Clinical Question: Do Major League Baseball players who have had a concussion compared with those with no history of concussions have decreased batting performance after they return to full participation? Summary of Key Findings: Seven articles meeting criteria for level 2 evidence were identified in this critically appraised topic. Four of 7 studies found deficits in batting performance following concussion. However, the 3 studies that did not identify differences lacked a comparative control group. Clinical Bottom Line: Evidence supports a relationship between concussion and decreased batting performance. This suggests there is a demand for screening and rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving sport-specific neuromotor and coordination skills in these individuals. Strength of Recommendation: Collectively, the body of evidence included to answer the clinical question aligns with the strength of recommendation of B.

Age and Level of Performance in Major League Baseball

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Ray Over
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Major League ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between age and the level of performance of major league baseball players was assessed through quasi-experimental designs. Whereas cross-sectional comparisons revealed no differences in batting and fielding statistics between younger and older players, longitudinal analysis showed significant decrements in batting performance as players aged from 30 to 35 years. A decline in performance with age was found even among elite players. Age decrements in achievement need to be studied not only in the context of molar measures such as batting statistics but also at a microanalytic level through reference to component skills. This paper outlines a methodology that can be used in assessing the nature and basis of age decrements in skilled athletic performance.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dermatologic Disorders Occurring in Major League Baseball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Alex M. Glazer MD ◽  
Aaron S. Farberg ◽  
Stephen Donohue ◽  
Darrell S. Rigel
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Dermatologic Disease

Objective: To determine distribution of dermatologic disease among major league baseball (MLB) players and compare the distribution to that seen in the general population.Design: Cross Sectional SurveySetting: Data was collected via anonymous, online, randomized survey in January 2017.Participants: Head athletic trainers for 25 MLB teamsMain Outcome Measures: The distribution of dermatologic disease encountered by MLB athletic trainers for players versus non-player personnel.Results: The 3 most commonly encountered dermatologic conditions for MLB trainers among baseball players were blisters, contact dermatitis, and nail problems including onychomycosis. In contrast, the 3 most common dermatoses seen among the non-player personnel control group were rash, tinea, and concerning skin lesion which more closely resembled the distribution of skin diseases among the general population.Conclusions: MLB players experienced a different mix with a greater proportion of mechanical, infectious, and contact related skin conditions likely due to the baseball-related activities that impact on these athletes’ skin on a day-to-day basis. The prevalence of the dermatologic disorders noted in the study reinforces the importance of focused dermatologic education for trainers to enhance player care. Keywords: baseball; MLB; dermatology; disease distribution; blisters; contact dermatitis; mechanical skin injury; elite athletes

scholarly journals Home Run Derby Participation in Major League Baseball Players: Is There Associated Injury Risk and Impact on Second-Half Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712098335
Author(s):  
Steven F. DeFroda ◽  
Steven J. Staffa ◽  
Tim Keeley ◽  
Peter K. Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Major League ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game (ASG) Home Run Derby (HRD) remains a highly anticipated event, during which contestants can take hundreds of maximum-effort swings en route to hitting a multitude of home runs. Critics have openly questioned the risk-benefit of HRD participation as it pertains to injury, alterations in swing mechanics, and timing. Purpose: To determine whether participation in the MLB ASG HRD was associated with both increased injury risk and decline in second-half performance in MLB players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB players who participated in the HRD between 2006 and 2019 were identified through publicly available internet databases. A control group of ASG participants who had the highest home run totals in the first half of the corresponding MLB season were selected as a control group. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine independent associations between HRD participation and batting metrics in the second half of the season. Multivariable logistic regression also assessed the impact of HRD participation on injured list placement during the second half of the concurrent MLB season. Results: A total of 114 HRD participants and 114 ASG participant controls competed during the study period. No statistically significant differences were seen in batting metrics in the second half of the MLB season between HRD participants and ASG controls, although HRD participants had a significantly lower wins-above-replacement statistic for the season compared with controls (4.69 ± 2.06 vs 5.33 ± 2.08; P = .021). HRD participation was not significantly associated with injury during the second half. The number of HRD rounds in which a player participated did not result in a statistically significant increased odds of injury during the second half of the MLB season. Conclusion: HRD participants did not have increased odds of being placed on the injured list during the second half of the MLB season compared with controls, nor did they experience second-half performance declines in offensive production versus controls when multivariable linear regression analysis was performed.

scholarly journals The effect of concussion on batting performance of major league baseball players

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan H Chow ◽  
Alyssa M Stevenson ◽  
James F Burke ◽  
Eric E Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Batting Performance

Concussions Are Associated With Decreased Batting Performance Among Major League Baseball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin B. Wasserman ◽  
Beau Abar ◽  
Manish N. Shah ◽  
Daniel Wasserman ◽  
Jeffrey J. Bazarian
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Batting Performance

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Biomechanics Predicts Major League Baseball Player Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Lucas G. Teske ◽  
Edward C. Beck ◽  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Kristen F. Nicholson ◽  
Brian R. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Regression Trees ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Statistical Metrics

Background: Although lower extremity biomechanics has been correlated with traditional metrics among baseball players, its association with advanced statistical metrics has not been evaluated. Purpose: To establish normative biomechanical parameters during the countermovement jump (CMJ) among Major League Baseball (MLB) players and evaluate the relationship between CMJ-developed algorithms and advanced statistical metrics. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB players in 2 professional organizations performed the CMJ at the beginning of each baseball season from 2013 to 2017. We collected ground-reaction force data including the eccentric rate of force development (“load”), concentric vertical force (“explode”), and concentric vertical impulse (“drive”) as well as the Sparta Score. The advanced statistical metrics from each baseball season (eg, fielding independent pitching [FIP], weighted stolen base runs [wSB], and weighted on-base average) were also gathered for the study participants. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated for each CMJ variable to establish normative parameters. Pearson coefficient analysis and regression trees were used to evaluate associations between CMJ data and advanced statistical metrics for the players. Results: A total of 151 pitchers and 138 batters were included in the final analysis. The MDC for “load,” “explode,” “drive,” and the Sparta Score was 10.3, 8.1, 8.7, and 4.6, respectively, and all demonstrated good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.75). There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the Sparta Score and wSB ( r = 0.23; P = .007); however, there were no significant correlations with any other advanced metrics. Regression trees demonstrated superior FIP with higher Sparta Scores in older pitchers compared with younger pitchers. Conclusion: There was a positive but weak correlation between the Sparta Score and base-stealing performance among professional baseball players. Additionally, older pitchers with a higher Sparta Score had statistically superior FIP compared with younger pitchers with a similar Sparta Score after adjusting for age.

scholarly journals Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ainonen ◽  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Md. Rayhan Mahmud ◽  
Niko Paalanne ◽  
Tytti Pokka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibiotic Courses ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. Methods This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. Results Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). Conclusions Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. Impact Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant’s gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

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