Differences in Static- and Dynamic-Balance Task Performance After 4 Weeks of Intrinsic-Foot-Muscle Training: The Short-Foot Exercise Versus the Towel-Curl Exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Lynn ◽  
Ricardo A. Padilla ◽  
Kavin K.W. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Task

Context:Proper functioning of the intrinsic foot musculature (IFM) is essential in maintaining the integrity of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). Improper functioning of the IFM leads to excessive pronation of the foot, which has been linked to various pathologies. Therefore, training the IFM to avoid excessive pronation may help prevent some of these pathologies; however, it is not clear how to train these muscles optimally.Objective:To investigate the effects of 2 different types of IFM training on the height of the MLA and static- and dynamic-balance task performance.Design:Randomized controlled trial, repeated-measures mixed-model design.Setting:University biomechanics laboratory for testing and a home-based training program.Participants:24 healthy, university-age volunteers (3 groups of 8) with no history of major lower limb pathology or balance impairment.Interventions:One experimental group performed 4 wk of the short-foot exercise (SFE) and the other performed 4 wk of the towel-curl exercise (TCE). Participants were asked to perform 100 repetitions of their exercise per day.Main Outcome Measures:Navicular height during weight bearing, the total range of movement of the center of pressure (COP) in the mediolateral (ML) direction for a static-balance test and a dynamic-balance test.Results:There were no differences in the navicular height or static-balance tests. For the dynamic-balance test, all groups decreased the ML COP movement on the dominant limb by a small amount (~5 mm); however, the SFE group was able to decrease COP movement much more than the TCE group in the nondominant limb.Conclusions:The SFE appeared to train the IFM more effectively than the TCE; however, there were differing results between the dominant and nondominant legs. These imbalances need to be taken into consideration by clinicians.

scholarly journals Applying the Minimal Detectable Change of a Static and Dynamic Balance Test Using a Portable Stabilometric Platform to Individually Assess Patients with Balance Disorders

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan De la Torre ◽  
Javier Marin ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
José J. Marín
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Specialist Physician

Balance disorders have a high prevalence among elderly people in developed countries, and falls resulting from balance disorders involve high healthcare costs. Therefore, tools and indicators are necessary to assess the response to treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect relevant changes through minimal detectable change (MDC) values in patients with balance disorders, specifically with vertigo. A test-retest of a static and dynamic balance test was conducted on 34 healthy young volunteer subjects using a portable stabilometric platform. Afterwards, in order to show the MDC applicability, eight patients diagnosed with balance disorders characterized by vertigo of vestibular origin performed the balance test before and after a treatment, contrasting the results with the assessment by a specialist physician. The balance test consisted of four tasks from the Romberg test for static balance control, assessing dynamic postural balance through the limits of stability (LOS). The results obtained in the test-retest show the reproducibility of the system as being similar to or better than those found in the literature. Regarding the static balance variables with the lowest MDC value, we highlight the average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) in all tasks and the root mean square (RMS), the area, and the mediolateral displacement in soft surface, with eyes closed. In LOS, all COP limits and the average speed of the COP and RMS were highlighted. Of the eight patients assessed, an agreement between the specialist physician and the balance test results exists in six of them, and for two of the patients, the specialist physician reported no progression, whereas the balance test showed worsening. Patients showed changes that exceeded the MDC values, and these changes were correlated with the results reported by the specialist physician. We conclude that (at least for these eight patients) certain variables were sufficiently sensitive to detect changes linked to balance progression. This is intended to improve decision making and individualized patient monitoring.

Association of Ankle Kinematics and Performance on the Y-Balance Test With Inclinometer Measurements on the Weight-Bearing-Lunge Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion has often been measured in the weight-bearing condition in the clinical setting; however, little is known about the relationship between the weight-bearing-lunge test (WBLT) and both ankle kinematics and performance on dynamic postural-control tests.Objective:To examine whether ankle kinematics and performance on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) are correlated with results of the WBLT using an inclinometer and tape measure.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motionanalysis laboratory.Participants:30 physically active participants.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measures:The WBLT was evaluated using an inclinometer and a tape measure. The reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on the YBT-LQ were normalized by limb length. Ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ was recorded using a 3-dimensional motion-analysis system. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the WBLT results and both ankle dorsiflexion and the normalized reach distance in each direction on the YBT-LQ.Results:The WBLT results were significantly correlated with ankle dorsiflexion in all directions on the YBT-LQ (P < .05). A strong correlation was found between the inclinometer measurement of the WBLT and ankle dorsiflexion (r = .74, r2 = .55), whereas the tape-measure results on the WBLT were moderately correlated with ankle dorsiflexion (r = .64, r2 = .40) during the anterior reach on the YBT-LQ. Only the normalized anterior reach distance was significantly correlated with the results for the inclinometer (r = .68, r2 = .46) and the tape measure (r = .64, r2 = .41) on the WBLT.Conclusions:Inclinometer measurements on the WBLT can be an appropriate tool for predicting the amount of ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ. Furthermore, WBLT should be measured in those who demonstrate poor dynamic balance.

Influence of Foot Type and Orthotics on Static and Dynamic Postural Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Olmsted ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Plate Dynamic

Context:The effects of custom-molded foot orthotics on neuromuscular processes are not clearly understood.Objective:To examine these effects on postural control in subjects with different foot types.Design:Between-groups, repeated-measures design.Setting:Athletic training laboratory.Subjects:30 healthy subjects assigned to groups by foot type: planus (n = 11), rectus (n = 12), or cavus (n = 7).Interventions:Custom-fit semirigid orthotics.Main Outcome Measures:Static postural control was measured on a force plate. Dynamic postural control was measured using the Star Excursion Balance Test. Both measurements were assessed with and without orthotics at baseline and 2 weeks later.Results:For static postural control, a significant condition-by-group interaction was found. Subjects with cavus feet had a decreased center-of-pressure velocity while wearing orthotics. For dynamic postural control, a significant condition-by-direction-by-group interaction was found. Subjects with cavus feet had increased reach distances in 3 of 8 directions while wearing orthotics.Conclusions:Custom orthotics were associated with some improvements in static and dynamic postural control in subjects with cavus feet.

Single-Leg Balance Performance in Sub-Elite Young Soccer Players and Swimmers as a Function of Age and Sports Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leinen ◽  
Thomas Muehlbauer ◽  
Stefan Panzer
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The present study investigated if accumulated, advanced, regular soccer practice (balance-demanding exercise) compared to regular swim practice (non-balance–demanding exercise) induces a more pronounced functional specialization in postural control. Therefore, single-leg balance performance in sub-elite young soccer players (under 13 [U13]: n = 16; U15: n = 18; U19: n = 15), and sub-elite young swimmers (U13: n = 7; U15: n = 4; U19: n = 5) was tested in different balance task conditions (i.e., static and dynamic balance on firm and foam surface). All athletes practiced 3–10 times per week. Single-leg balance of the dominant and non-dominant leg was measured using a force plate. The standard deviation of the center of pressure displacements in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions were used as dependent variables. Irrespective of age groups and type of sport, the results failed to indicate significant leg differences in single-leg balance performance. The soccer players showed significant better single-leg balance performance in anterior-posterior direction in the dynamic balance test on the firm and foam surface compared to the swimmers. Functional specialization was accompanied by the type of sport but not by accumulated practice.

Performance in Static, Dynamic, and Clinical Tests of Postural Control in Individuals with Recurrent Ankle Sprains

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Nakagawa ◽  
Mark Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Balance Tests

Objective:To evaluate postural control in individuals with recurrent ankle sprains with static, dynamic, and clinical balance tests and to examine the relationships between performances in each of these tests.Design:Postural control was evaluated with 3 different balance tests in individuals with and without recurrent ankle sprains.Participants:19 volunteers with recurrent ankle sprains and 19 uninjured control subjects.Interventions:None.Setting:University sports-medicine research laboratory.Main Outcome Measures:Total excursion of the center of pressure (COP) was calculated for the static and dynamic balance tests. Total reach distance was measured for the Star Excursion Balance Test.Results:Subjects with recurrent ankle sprains demonstrated significantly greater excursion of the COP in both the static and dynamic balance tests. Correlations between performances in all tests were very low.Conclusions:Recurrent ankle sprains might be associated with reduced postural control as demonstrated by decreased performance in static and dynamic balance tests.

scholarly journals The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259854
Author(s):  
Žiga Kozinc ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
Leg Dominance ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In this study, 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players performed single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks. For the static standing task, center-of pressure (CoP) velocities, amplitudes, frequency and area were calculated. For the landing tasks, time to stabilization as well as dynamic postural stability index were considered. The analysis of differences between the legs was done based on two methods for a priori determination of leg preference, one based on the preference of kicking a ball and one based on the preference for single-leg jumping. An additional analysis was done based on the leg dominance (determined post hoc), based on the observed performance of the tasks. In case of the classification based on kicking a ball, there was a statistically significantly lower CoP anterior-posterior velocity and anterior-posterior amplitude in static balance task (p ≤ 0.017; 0.17 ≤ d ≤ 0.28) for the preferred leg. The CoP frequency was higher in the preferred leg for both directions (p ≤ 0.002; 0.10 ≤ d ≤ 0.22). For the landing task, CoP medial-lateral time to stabilization was statistically significantly shorter for the preferred leg (0.28 ± 0.38 s) compared to the non-preferred leg (0.47 ± 0.60 s) (p = 0.012; d = 0.38). There were no differences between the legs for the landing task. Moreover, there were no differences between the legs when we used the preference based on jumping for either of the tasks (d ≤ 0.14). The differences between legs in terms of observed dominance were larger than the differences based on the preference, which stresses the need for clear distinction of limb preference and limb dominance in research and practice. Regarding the effect of leg preference, small differences in static balance may exist between the legs (when the preference is based on kicking a ball).

scholarly journals Effects of a 6-week core stabilization training program on dynamic balance and trunk stabilization endurance of horse riders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. K. Lam ◽  
Wai Man Lau ◽  
Tin Lap Lau
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Postural Stabilization ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Back Extensor ◽  
Swiss Ball

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-week core stabilization training program (CSTP) in improving dynamic balance and back-extensor endurance of horse riders; and develop a measurement tool in assessing the dynamic postural stabilization endurance for horse riders. Twelve male horse riders (age: 23.58 ± 1.93 years; height: 165.09 ± 4.60 cm; weight: 56.53 ± 4.75 kg; experience in horse racing: 1.75 ± 0.34 years) completed 12 training sessions in 6 weeks. Subjects performed the CSTP with two progressions. CSTP started with the basic consciousness activation exercises, and then eliminated visual feedback in dynamic balance task on unstable surfaces and finished with switching the center of gravity. Moderate-to-large difference was demonstrated in the Y-Balance test scores for right leg (102.81 ± 8.32 vs 106.471 ± 4.35 cm, d = 0.55, 95% CL 0.00 to 1.08) and left leg (102.04 ± 3.20 vs 106.29 ± 3.62 cm, d = 1.25, 95% CL 0.41 to 2.05) following 6 weeks CSTP. However, trivial to small differences was reported between left and right leg in pre (d = 0.12, 95% CL − 0.49 to 0.73) and post 6-week CSTP (d = 0.04, 95% CL − 0.69 to 0.78). Biering–Sørensen test (BST) shows largely greater performance after 6-week CSTP (98.3 ± 30.1 vs 131.8 ± 19.0 s, d = 1.33, 95% CL 0.54–2.09). A novel measurement, Swiss ball four-point kneeling test was shown to be correlated with the change in BST (r = 0.633).

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Acute Muscular Fatigue on Static and Dynamic Balance Performances in Elite Wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ömer Özer
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Fatigue Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Maximal strength, muscular endurance, maximal aerobic power, and anaerobic capabilities, power are needed to have victory for wrestlers in a wrestling competition.The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance performances in elite wrestlers. Ten elite male wrestlers (25 &plusmn; 2.3 years, 181 &plusmn; 6.5 cm, 84 &plusmn; 4.2 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were undertaken dynamic and static balance test before fatigue exercise (in Cybex) and immediately after fatigue exercise, theywere undertaken dynamic and static balance test again. SPSS packet program was used to evaluate the data. There were no statistically significant differences in static and dynamic balance before and after fatigue. The results show that wrestlers&rsquo; balance is not affected by muscular fatigue, so there is no need for balance exercise after fatigue at least according to this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercises in Water and Land on Balance and Cognitive Functions in Elderly and Old Persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigija Dekaminavičiūtė ◽  
Vilma Dudonienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Better Than

Research background. Aging constantly manifests itself not only in physiological changes, but also in cognitive ones. Exercise programs for elderly have been created aiming at avoiding risk of falling, but there is little known about changes in cognitive functions under the effect of exercise. The aim was to evaluate the effect of water-based and land-based exercises on balance and cognitive functions in elderly women and men. Methods. The dynamic balance of study participants (n = 32) was evaluated using Timed Up & Go Test, the static balance was evaluated with a 4-position Static Balance Test and the cognitive functions were evaluated with Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and the Trail Making Test. The participants were randomly divided in two groups: water exercise and land-based exercise. Results. After 8 weeks of exercise in water and on land, static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions improved in both groups (p < 0.05), no statistically signifcant difference was found between the groups except for the trail making test, which was performed more quickly by subjects who attended exercise in water. After the exercise program, the men’s dynamic and static balance (while standing in the tandem position) were better than women’s, but women’s standing on one leg position was better than that of men’s (p < 0.05). Conclusion. There were no statistically signifcant differences in cognitive function between men and women after intervention. After both exercise programs, dynamic and static balance (in the tandem position) in men were better (p < 0.05) than those in women, standing on one leg but women’s position was statistically signifcantly better than that of men’s.Keywords: exercise program in water and land-based, static and dynamic balance, cognitive functions.

Dynamic Leap and Balance Test: Ability to Discriminate Balance Deficits in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbis H. Jaffri ◽  
Thomas M. Newman ◽  
Brent I. Smith ◽  
Giampietro L. Vairo ◽  
Craig R. Denegar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Base Of Support

Context: The Dynamic Leap Balance Test (DLBT) is a new dynamic balance task that requires serial changes in base of support with alternating limb support and recovery of dynamic stability, as compared with the Y modification of the Star Excursion Balance Test (Y-SEBT), which assesses dynamic stability over an unchanging base of support. Objectives: To assess the dynamic balance performance in 2 different types of dynamic balance tasks, the DLBT and the SEBT, in subjects with unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI) when compared with matched controls. The authors hypothesized that the DLBT score would significantly differ between the CAI involved and uninvolved limbs (contralateral and healthy matched) and demonstrate a modest (r = .50) association with the SEBT scores. Design: Case-control. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Participants: A total of 36 physically active adults, 18 with history of unilateral CAI and 18 without history of ankle injury, were enrolled in the study. CAI subjects were identified using the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability questionnaire. Interventions: The DLBT and the SEBT were performed in a randomized order on a randomly selected limb in CAI and healthy subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Time taken to complete the DLBT and the reach distances performed on the SEBT were compared between the CAI and the healthy subjects. Results: There were no statistically significant differences (P < .05) in SEBT reach distances between groups. The DLBT time was greater (P < .01) for unstable ankles compared with the stable ankle. The authors found no correlation (P > .05) between DLBT time and any of the SEBT reach distances suggesting that the DLBT provides unique information in the assessment of patients with CAI. Conclusion: The DLBT challenges the ability to maintain postural control in CAI subjects differently than the SEBT. There is a need of more dynamic balance assessment tools that are functional and clinically relevant.

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