Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Variables in Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Calfas ◽  
Wendell C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Aerobic Activity

To identify the most consistent relationships among psychological variables and physical activity in youth (ages 11-21 years), 20 articles on depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, self-concept, hostility, anger, intellectual functioning, and psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Physical activity was consistently related to improvements in self-esteem, self-concept, depressive symptoms, and anxiety/stress. The effect sizes were +.12, -.15, and -.38 for self-esteem/self-concept, stress/anxiety, and depression, respectively. The evidence for hostility/anger and academic achievement was inconclusive. No negative effects of physical activity were reported. The literature suggests that physical activity in youth is psychologically beneficial. More research is needed to confirm previous findings. Adolescents should engage in moderate or vigorous aerobic activity approximately three times per week for a total of at least 60 minutes per week.

Analysis of Self-Concept in Older Adults in Different Contexts

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel de Gracia Blanco ◽  
Josep Garre Olmo ◽  
María Marcó Arbonès ◽  
Pilar Monreal Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

Summary: Self-concept is a construct consisting of a group of specific self-perceptions that are hierarchically organized. Age-associated changes of self-concept are related to the individual's perception of the changes occurring throughout the aging process. The authors examined external validity and internal consistency of an instrument that has been developed to assess self-concept in older adults and examined self-concept's characteristics in two different contexts. Results confirm the multidimensionality of the scale and show a satisfactory external validity, indicating good discriminatory capacity. Findings support the hypothesis that older people who live in a nursing home have a poor self-esteem, self-concept, and psychological well-being and have a greater presence of depressive symptoms than people who live in their own home.

Stress and Health Outcomes: Do Meaningful Work and Physical Activity Help?

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne H. Lease ◽  
Christina L. Ingram ◽  
Emily L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stress And Health

The negative effects of stress and burnout on mental and physical health are widely known, as are the beneficial effects of physical activity. While the organizational literature emphasizes the value of meaningful work for employers and employees alike, the stress-buffering role of meaningful work in combination with physical activity is not known. The present study examined the (a) mediating role of burnout in the relationships between perceived stress and health risk behaviors (i.e., poor diet, tobacco use, and alcohol use) and depressive symptoms and (b) moderating roles of meaningful work and physical activity on the relationships between perceived stress and health outcomes. Participants were 229 employed adults. Perceived stress predicted physical health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms, but the direct and indirect negative effects of stress were stronger when meaningful work scores were lower. Findings offer support for the development of interventions that include enhancing work meaningfulness.

Relationship Between Self-Concept, Self-esteem, Anxiety, Depression and Academic Achievement in Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fathi-Asht ◽  
Javad Ejei ◽  
Mohammad-Karim Khodapanah ◽  
Hamid Tarkhorani
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Anxiety Depression

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Adolescence and the Co-Occurring Development of Cognitive Biases: Evidence from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1633
Author(s):  
Annabel Songco ◽  
Charlotte Booth ◽  
Olivia Spiegler ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The development of negative cognitive biases, together with symptoms of anxiety and depression, has yet to be investigated longitudinally. Using a three-wave design, the present study examined developmental trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of cognitive biases, in a large normative sample of adolescents (N = 504). Data was drawn from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S), which assessed a wide range of psychological variables, including cognitive biases and self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, when adolescents were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. The results showed that overall levels of anxiety were low and stable, while levels of depression were low but increased slightly at each wave. Growth mixture modeling identified four distinct developmental classes with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multiple group analysis further showed that class membership was related to the development of cognitive biases. The majority of the sample (75%) was characterised by ‘Low symptoms’ of anxiety and depression and showed low interpretation and memory biases for negative stimuli at each wave. A second class (11%) displayed ‘Decreasing anxiety symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation bias, but increasing memory bias. A third class (8%) displayed ‘Comorbid increasing symptoms’ and showed increasing interpretation and memory biases. While the fourth class (6%) displayed ‘Comorbid decreasing symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation and memory biases. This longitudinal study sheds light on healthy and psychopathological emotional development in adolescence and highlights cognitive mechanisms that may be useful targets for prevention and early interventions.

Daily Cognitive Appraisals, Daily Affect, and Long-Term Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Clarity in the Stress Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon C. Lee-Flynn ◽  
Georgia Pomaki ◽  
Anita DeLongis ◽  
Jeremy C. Biesanz ◽  
Eli Puterman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Daily Affect

scholarly journals EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: DOES GENDER MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S931-S931
Author(s):  
Celeste Beaulieu ◽  
Jeffrey E Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Previous research has suggested that informal socializing can be beneficial for mental health, whereas prior findings concerning solitary activities and mental health have been equivocal. Activity theory posits that involvement in activities – particularly social activities – can improve adults’ self-concept and self-esteem, leading to improved well-being. Solitary activities may perform the same function, though without any social reinforcement. However, social engagement and mental health may both vary by gender. Thus, we examined associations of informal socializing and solitary activities with depressive symptoms among 13,387 respondents of the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, and further assessed potential gender differences. Results revealed that both informal socializing and solitary activities were significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms when analyzed separately. However, when both types of activities were modeled simultaneously, only informal socializing remained significant. Further, stratified analyses revealed that informal socializing was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms among women but not men, although these coefficients were not significantly different from each other. Overall, findings suggest that both informal socializing and solitary activities may be beneficial for mental health, yet results were clearly stronger for informal socializing. Socializing may benefit mental health not only by bolstering one’s self-concept, but also by linking adults with social ties and support networks that are instrumental for well-being in mid- and later life. Moreover, gender differences in effects were minimal and largely non-significant, indicating that activity involvement can bolster mental health for men and women alike.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports in the School Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Viciana ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Humberto Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
School Context ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Measurement Models

AbstractTactical skills in sport are the basis for current models of invasion team sports instruction, and relate to other psychological variables that exert a mediating influence on people’s normal physical activity. This study aimed to validate the Spanish adaptation of the Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports by Elferink-Gemser, Visscher, Richart, and Lemmink (2004) and verify its factorial invariance. The sample included 540 participants 12.89 ± 1.73 years of age (10 to 17 years old; 333 males and 207 females). The adaptation and translation of the original questionnaire followed the methodological steps established by the International Test Commission. Then two measurement models with the original questionnaire’s four-factor structure were compared. Confirmatory analyses were conducted using the software AMOS 21 and maximum likelihood estimation. Results indicated a four-factor structure (positioning and deciding, knowing about ball actions, knowing about others, acting in changing situations) was viable and showed goodness of fit to the data, with adequate indices of reliability (α between .72 and .86) and validity (GFI = .955; RMSEA = .044; CFI = .974), and strong evidence of stability in the factor structure. Moreover, factorial invariance was observed between participants who do and do not practice team sports, with practitioners scoring higher than non-practitioners on all factors (p < .001; effect sizes between .97 and 1.08).

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