Gridiron University: Should Football Be Reinstated?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Heather J. Lawrence ◽  
Andy J. Fodor ◽  
Chris L. Ullrich ◽  
Nick R. Kopka ◽  
Peter J. Titlebaum
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Operating Budget ◽  
Sport Programs ◽  
Nonfinancial Factors ◽  
Broad Overview

While exciting and energizing, adding sport programs is a major undertaking for any college athletic department. A broad overview of considerations associated with National Collegiate Athletic Association sport offerings is outlined in this case using reinstatement of football as the context. The case is intended to introduce students to the costs, benefits, risks, and complexity of institutional decisions in one area of collegiate athletics. Students are assigned a role and challenged to complete an operating budget, determine the financial viability of football, consider a variety of nonfinancial factors, and make a decision about whether Gridiron University should reinstate football. Although football is the sport in this scenario, the principles identified in the case apply to other sports and vary by degree not type.

scholarly journals Not Going Pro: On Seeking Lasting Returns from College Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Horner ◽  
Neal Ternes ◽  
Christopher McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Personal Investment

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) clearly states there are many favorable qualities derived from participation that benefit those “who go pro in something other than sports.” However, the ability of collegiate athletics to deliver on the promise of attributable long-term vocational value is rarely questioned. Instead, student-athletes are encouraged to think of their participation as a personal investment with enduring rewards for the investor. In this study involving former NCAA Division I student-athletes, the authors examined whether participation can be regarded as an investment and how student-athletes perceive the returns thus derived. Extending Becker’s (1962) theory of human capital investment to sport participation, the authors probed participants’ experiences for evidence of investment thinking and lasting benefits in corporeal, economic, social, and cultural varieties. The findings support the notion that participation in collegiate athletics can be broadly defined as an investment, but not in accordance with the long-term utility maximizing rationale described by neoclassical economists. Furthermore, the high cost of participation, inherent uncertainty, and unreliable information confound the athlete’s decision-making and blur the distinction between consumption in the present and investing for the future.

Greening Our Front Porch: Environmental Sustainability in Collegiate Athletics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Jamee A. Pelcher ◽  
Brian P. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Sports Organization

Sport organizations have begun to widely implement environmental sustainability into their daily operations, but more needs to be done to properly plan and implement these initiatives to ensure their long-term success. Specifically, college athletic departments struggle to be proactive in their approach to environmental sustainability despite the vast resources available to leverage in order to deeply commit to being an environmentally sustainable department on campus. This case study examines the strategic planning of sustainability initiatives in the Smallville University Athletic Department. This case provides students with an opportunity to (a) explore the importance of sustainability in sport, (b) analyze the role of stakeholders in a sports organization, (c) investigate common barriers to implementing sustainability in college athletics, and (d) consider creative options for implementing sustainable initiatives.

scholarly journals Barriers to the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer for Women in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Mazerolle ◽  
Christianne M. Eason
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Division Ii ◽  
Old Boys Network

Context: Very few women assume the role of head athletic trainer (AT). Reasons for this disparity include discrimination, motherhood, and a lack of interest in the position. However, data suggest that more women seek the head AT position in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III settings. Objective: To examine the barriers female ATs face as they transition to the role of head AT. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: Divisions II and III. Patients or Other Participants: In total, 77 female ATs participated in our study. Our participants (38 ± 9 years old) were employed as head ATs at the Division II or III level. Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted online interviews with all participants. They journaled their reflections to a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their experiences as head ATs. Data were analyzed following a general inductive approach. Credibility was secured by peer review and researcher triangulation. Results: Organizational and personal factors emerged as the 2 major themes that described challenges for women assuming the role of the head AT. Organizational barriers were defined by gender stereotyping and the “good old boys” network. Personal influences included a lack of leadership aspirations, motherhood and family, and a lack of mentors. Conclusions: Female ATs working in Divisions II or III experienced similar barriers to assuming the role of the head AT as those working in the Division I setting. Stereotyping still exists within collegiate athletics, which limits the number of women in higher-ranking positions; however, a lack of desire to assume a higher position and the desire to balance work and home inhibit some women from moving up.

Collegiate athletics environmental sustainability efforts within STARS reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamee Pelcher ◽  
Brian P. McCullough ◽  
Sylvia Trendafilova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Reporting Tool ◽  
Sustainability Report

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine higher education institutions’ participation in association for the advancement of sustainability in higher education’s (AASHE’s) Green Athletics category in the sustainability tracking, assessment and rating system (STARS) sustainability report while assessing how well collegiate athletic departments engage with their respective aspects. Design/methodology/approach This general review used quantitative content analysis to determine the number of NCAA Divisions I–III institutions that actively report Green Athletics categories in their AASHE STARS reports. The data collection process compiled current reports from the STARS website and the National Collegiate Athletic Association database. Green Athletics categorical and accumulated point attempts and outcomes were analyzed. Findings Of the 335 institutions that actively use the STARS reporting tool, the NCAA accounted for 247 rated institutions of which only 50 attempted points in Green Athletics while only 21 institutions succeeded. This paper discusses the lack of participation from institutions in Green Athletics and propose an alternate to better engage collegiate athletics in STARS reporting. Originality/value This study is one of the first known examinations of the tangible results of collaborations on college campuses to integrate the athletic department’s sustainability efforts into the overall sustainability reporting of the institution. This study can better inform STARS on how to more fully engage college athletic departments and boost the sustainability efforts in all corners of campus.

scholarly journals Challenges Faced by Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part I: Organizational Conflict and Clinical Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Pike Lacy ◽  
Thomas G. Bowman ◽  
Stephanie Mazerolle Singe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Organizational Conflict ◽  
Perceived Pressure

Context Organizational conflict, particularly between coaches and medical professionals, has been reported in collegiate athletics. Different values create room for conflict between coaches and athletic trainers (ATs); however, ATs' experiences when making medical decisions are not fully understood. Objective To investigate the presence of organizational conflict regarding medical decision making and determine if differences exist across athletic affiliations. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate athletics (National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA], National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics [NAIA], National Junior College Athletic Association [NJCAA]). Patients or Other Participants A total of 434 ATs responded (age = 27.7 ± 3.2 years, years certified = 5.2 ± 2.7), representing the NCAA Division I (DI; n = 199), Division II (DII; n = 67), Division III (DIII; n = 108); NAIA (n = 37); and NJCAA (n = 23) settings. Main Outcome Measure(s) The survey instrument contained quantitative measures and open-ended questions, with affiliation as our primary independent variable. Responses to Likert-scale questions (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree) regarding organizational pressures within athletics served as the dependent variables. Kruskal-Wallis analysis-of-variance and Mann-Whitney U post hoc tests assessed differences in organizational conflict across affiliations. Open-ended questions were analyzed inductively. Results We obtained a 14.47% (434 of 3000) response rate. National Collegiate Athletic Association DI ATs disagreed less than NCAA DII and DIII and NJCAA ATs that they would worry about job security if turnover in the head coaching position occurred (P < .05). Regarding the influence of coaches on job performance, differences were found between NCAA DI and DIII and between DI and NJCAA ATs (P < .01). Visibility of the injury and situational factors influenced the level of perceived pressure. Conclusions Athletic trainers perceived pressure from coaches regarding medical decision making. Division I ATs placed greater emphasis on the role that coaches played in their job performance and job security. Athletic departments should consider transitioning to patient-centered models of care to better align values and reduce the external pressures placed on ATs.

Content analysis of biological sex-specific media coverage of sport: The case of National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic department home webpages

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110296
Author(s):  
Benjamin Burroughs ◽  
Margo Malik ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
Miles Romney
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Women’S Sports

Studies have found that media coverage of women's sports is inadequate when compared with coverage of men's sports with regards to the amount of coverage as well as the type of coverage across men's and women’s sports. With few exceptions, past research has found inequitable coverage of female and male athletes in every media form studied, from print and television to the internet. Some exceptions to the findings include not-for-profit media, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association News, and internet-based publications. The current study combined the two media types to determine if athletic departments that are affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association offer more balanced coverage of female and male athletes on their official websites than has been found in past research. The results revealed that although the type of coverage the athletes received was similar, the amount was not. In articles and photographs on National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic department home webpages, females were underrepresented in comparison to their participation rates in collegiate athletics. These webpages from 30 not-for-profit, National Collegiate Athletic Association affiliated institutions, across six conferences, did not lead to the overall balance in coverage that was originally expected. implications for Title IX are discussed.

Sport Psychology in a Collegiate Athletic Department Setting

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Brigham Young University ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Collegiate Environment

The author shares his experiences as a sport psychologist working for the Athletic Department at Brigham Young University. He describes both his educational background and the training experiences that prepared him for a career as a psychologist in a collegiate athletics department. The development and evolution of the sport psychologist role at Brigham Young University is also described, and a model for conceptualizing sport psychology with student-athletes is provided. The methods for delivering psychological services to student-athletes are detailed, and a typical daily, weekly, and semester schedule for a sport psychologist is presented. The author concludes by sharing what he finds challenging about working as a sport psychologist in a collegiate environment and what he has found most enjoyable about this career alternative for professional psychologists.

Buried Accomplishments: Institutional Isomorphism in College Athletics Mission Statements

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Academic Advancement ◽  
External Pressures

Despite suggestions that mission statements represent a strategic component of organizational communication, there has been little research of these documents in athletic departments at U.S. colleges and universities. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between mission statement content and athletic department accomplishments in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I schools (N = 343). The content analysis of mission statements revealed that athletics missions do not differentiate accomplished from less accomplished athletic programs. Athletic departments with strong traditions of promoting the academic advancement of student-athletes, achieving gender equity, and complying with NCAA rules tend to reference these distinctions in the same way as departments with less favorable histories. Grounded in institutional theory, this article describes the external pressures toward sameness rather than differentiation in mission statement content. Implications for intercollegiate athletics and higher education are discussed.

scholarly journals The Elephant in the Room: How COVID-19’s Financial Impact Further Threatens Title IX Compliance

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Karen L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Title Ix ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Athletic Programs ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
The Law ◽  
American Society

This scholarly commentary addresses COVID-19’s financial impact by examining how current and proposed National Collegiate Athletic Association bylaw waivers could negatively affect women’s collegiate athletics and Title IX compliance. These potential bylaw changes come after years of misinformation, a lack of education, and minimal understanding of the law. In the chaos of COVID-19’s impact on American society and athletic programs, Title IX has become the elephant in the room. The essay concludes with three recommendations that could help athletic departments alleviate Title IX compliance issues when enacting the bylaw waivers.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Practice Patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletics Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Rockwell ◽  
Matthew Hulver ◽  
Ernest Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Context Vitamin D status has been associated with performance, health, and well-being in athletic populations. The measurement of vitamin D status via 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] testing has increased in the general population, as has vitamin D supplement use. It is unclear if similar patterns exist in collegiate athletics programs. Objective To describe the clinical care related to the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency used by sports medicine providers with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I programs. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Population-based online survey. Patients or Other Participants All NCAA Division I head athletic trainers. Main Outcome Measure(s) Information related to 25(OH)D testing, vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D–related protocols and procedures, and characteristics of athletic programs and participants. Results We received 249 responses (72% response rate). Use of 25(OH)D testing was described by 68% of participants, with the most common indicators being health status/history (78%) and injury status/history (74%). One-fifth of participants stated that vitamin D testing was conducted as screening (without a specific cause or indication). Target blood vitamin D concentrations were highly variable. A range of 8 to 1660 annual vitamin D blood tests was reported at a cost of <$50 (8%), $51 to $100 (51%), $101 to $150 (20%), and >$150 (10%). Forty-two percent of programs covered the cost of vitamin D supplements. More than half of the participants indicated that vitamin D blood testing and supplements were not a good use of program funds. In comparison with Football Championship Subdivision programs, Football Bowl Subdivision programs were more likely to conduct vitamin D testing and pay for vitamin D supplements, and their providers were more likely to believe that testing and supplements were a good use of program funds. Conclusions A great deal of variability was present in vitamin D–related clinical practices among NCAA Division I athletics programs, which reflects existing contradictions and uncertainty in research, recommendations, and guidelines. Knowledge of current practice patterns is important in evaluating and establishing best practices, policies, and procedures for sports medicine and sports nutrition professionals in the collegiate setting.

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