The Effect of Self-Modeling on the Performance of Beginning Swimmers

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Starek ◽  
Penny McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
College Community ◽  
Modeling Condition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adult Volunteers

The present study compared the effects of two types of modeling, self- and other-modeling, on learning elementary swimming skills. Specifically, potential differences between the two modeling conditions in swimming performance, swimming self-efficacy, and state anxiety were investigated. Participants were adult volunteers from a college community. Ages ranged from 20 to 58. Each participant took five individual swimming lessons. Results indicated that participants in the self-modeling condition demonstrated better swimming performance by the fourth swim session than participants in the other-modeling condition. No differences were found between modeling conditions on either swimming self-efficacy or state anxiety. Potential reasons for the difference in performance are identified and discussed.

Difference

The Possible ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-49
Author(s):  
Vlad P. Glăveanu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Difference

This chapter proposes difference as an engine of possibility, in particular self–other differences. The presentation starts with a discussion of developmental trajectories defining our awareness of differences and our reaction to them from an early age. This developmental perspective raises a concern for intersubjectivity or the constitution of the self through engagement with the difference of others. It is important that, in the process of establishing intersubjective bounds, the “otherness” of the other is not fully appropriated by the self but leaves space for surprise, new understandings, and, with them, new possibilities. These reflections shed a new light on discussions of diversity: its benefits but also the challenges it poses in today’s fragmented, polarized world. In summary, this chapter outlines the notion of differences in perspective as fundamental to becoming aware of and exploring an expanded field of possibilities for both self and other.

Analysing the Self-Efficacy Levels of Coaches of Different Branches

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2206-2209
Author(s):  
Nahit Özdayi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Other Hand

Aim: This paper aims to analyse the self-efficacies of coaches of different branches. Methods: This study, which was conducted by using coach self-efficacy scale, reached totally 192 volunteering coaches who lived in Çanakkale and Balıkesir. The data collected were then analysed on the SPSS programme. The kurtosis and skewness values were examined so as to check the distribution of the data, and consequently, the data were found to have normal distribution. Results: As a result, statistically significant differences were found between the coaches aged 28-32 and coaches aged 33-37 in their levels of self-efficacy in general and in the sub-factor of efficacy in impersonating. Accordingly, the coaches who were in 28-32 age group had higher self-efficacy and efficacy in impersonating than the ones who were in 33-37 age group. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences between the participants’ levels of self-efficacy according to gender, branch and professional experience. Conclusion: The coaches in the 28-32 age group were found to have higher self-efficacy and efficacy in impersonating than the coaches in the 33-37 age group on examining the results obtained. No differences were found between the participants in the other factors. Key Words: Self-efficacy, coaches, sport

scholarly journals The Experienced Self and Other Scale: A technique for assaying the experience of one’s self in relation to the other

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erel Shvil ◽  
Herbert Krauss ◽  
Elizabeth Midlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Venn Diagrams ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Perception Of Self

The construct “self” appears in diverse forms in theories about what it is to be a person. As the sense of “self” is typically assessed through personal reports, differences in its description undoubtedly reflect significant differences in peoples’ apperception of self. This report describes the development, reliability, and factorial structure of the Experience of Sense of Self (E-SOS), an inventory designed to assess one’s perception of self in relation to the person’s perception of various potential “others.” It does so using Venn diagrams to depict and quantify the experienced overlap between the self and “others.” Participant responses to the instrument were studied through Exploratory Factor Analysis. This yielded a five-factor solution: 1) Experience of Positive Sensation; 2) Experience of Challenges; 3) Experience of Temptations; 4) Experience of Higher Power; and 5) Experience of Family. The items comprising each of these were found to produce reliable subscales. Further research with the E-SOS and suggestions for its use are offered.  DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i2_shvil

scholarly journals „Es war kein Job, es war eine Berufung“ – Gouvernementale Führung, fragmentierte Subjekte und <i>contre-conduite</i> in der nichtstaatlichen Entwicklungspraxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Kirsten Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The One ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Good Cause ◽  
Development Practice

Abstract. With their donation appeals aid organisations procure a polarised worldview of the self and other into our everyday lives and feed on discourses of “development” and “neediness”. This study investigates how the discourse of “development” is embedded in the subjectivities of “development” professionals. By approaching the topic from a governmentality perspective, the paper illustrates how “development” is (re-)produced through internalised Western values and powerful mechanisms of self-conduct. Meanwhile, this form of self-conduct, which is related to a “good cause”, also gives rise to doubts regarding the work, as well as fragmentations and shifts of identity. On the one hand, the paper outlines various coping strategies used by development professionals to maintain a coherent narrative about the self. On the other hand, it also shows how doubts and fragmentations of identity can generate a critical distance to “development” practice, providing a space for resistant and transformative practice in the sense of Foucauldian counter-conduct.

scholarly journals Othering and Selfing: Reading Gender Hierarchies and Social Categories in Michel Houellebecq's Novel Soumission

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wening Udasmoro
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
French Society ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Gender Hierarchies

In literature, questions of the self and the other are frequently presented. The identity politics that gained prominence after the attack on the World Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001 has occupied considerable space in this debate throughout the globe, including in France. One example of a novel dealing with the self and other is Michel Houellebecq’s Soumission (2015). This article attempts to explore the processes of selfing and othering in this work. The politics of identity that seems to present Muslims and Islam as the other and French as the self is also extended to other identities and aspects involved in the novel. This article attempts to show, first, how the French author Houellebecq positions the self and other in Soumission; second, the type of self and other the novel focuses on; and third, how its selfing and othering processes reveal the gender hierarchy and social categorization of French society. It finds that the novel presents a hierarchy in its narrative through which characters are positioned based on their gender and sexual orientation, as well as their age and ethnic heritage.

Effect of Nursing Measures Based on Self-Efficacy Theory on State Self-Esteem of Breast Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6469-6476
Author(s):  
Li Qiu ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
The Difference

To analyze the effect of nursing measures based on self-efficacy theory on the state self-esteem of breast cancer patients. 110 breast cancer patients who were treated in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group was given routine nursing measures, and the observation group was given nursing measures under the guidance of self-efficacy theory. Before operation, 1 week after operation and 3 months after operation, the general data of the two groups before and after treatment were recorded. The self-efficacy level and self-esteem level of the patients before and after treatment were assessed by the self-efficacy scale (GSEs) and state self-esteem scale (SSEs). The compliance of functional exercise and shoulder joint activity (ROM) of the two groups were compared, and the physical status of the two groups were analyzed. To analyze the effect of nursing measures based on self-efficacy theory on the state self-esteem of breast cancer patients. The GSEs score of the two groups increased with the time, and there was no significant difference between the two groups before operation (P > 0.05). After 1 week and 3 months, the GSEs score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The compliance evaluation table of functional exercise in the two groups increased with the time, and the compliance evaluation table of functional exercise in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). ROM of the two groups increased with time, and ROM of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The self-esteem level of the two groups increased with time, and the self-esteem level of the observation group was significantly higherthan that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The nursing measures under tne guidance of self-efficacy theory can help patients to complete functionalexercise, improve theirquality of life, improve their self-esteem level, a nd can be widely used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Knowing me, knowing you: Spontaneous use of mentalistic language for self and other in autism

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132095101
Author(s):  
Alexandra Zinck ◽  
Uta Frith ◽  
Peter Schönknecht ◽  
Sarah White
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Unique Pattern ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Autistic Adults

Recent studies on mentalizing have shown that autistic individuals who pass explicit mentalizing tasks may still have difficulties with implicit mentalizing tasks. This study explores implicit mentalizing by examining spontaneous speech that is likely to contain mentalistic expressions. The spontaneous production of meta-statements provides a clear measure for implicit mentalizing that is unlikely to be learned through experience. We examined the self- and other-descriptions of highly verbally able autistic and non-autistic adults in terms of their spontaneous use of mentalistic language and meta-representational utterances through quantitative and qualitative analysis. We devised a hierarchical coding system that allowed us to study the types of statements produced in comparable conditions for the self and for a familiar other. The descriptions of autistic participants revealed less mentalistic content relating to psychological traits and meta-statements. References to physical traits were similar between groups. Within each group, participants produced a similar pattern of types of mental utterance across ‘self’ and ‘other’ conditions. This suggests that autistic individuals show a unique pattern of mental-state-representation for both self and other. Meta-statements add a degree of complexity to self- and other-descriptions and to the understanding of mental states; their reduction in autism provides evidence for implicit mentalizing difficulties. Lay abstract Autistic people can have difficulties in understanding non-autistic people’s mental states such as beliefs, emotions and intentions. Although autistic adults may learn to overcome difficulties in understanding of explicit (overt) mental states, they may nevertheless struggle with implicit (indirect) understanding of mental states. This study explores how spontaneous language is used in order to specifically point to this implicit (indirect) understanding of mental states. In particular, our study compares the spontaneous statements that were used in descriptions of oneself and a familiar other person. Here, we found that autistic and non-autistic adults were comparable in the number of statements about physical traits they made. In contrast, non-autistic adults made more statements about mentalistic traits (about the mental including psychological traits, relationship traits and statements reflecting about these) both for the self and the other. Non-autistic and autistic adults showed no difference in the number of statements about relationships but in the number of statements about psychological traits and especially in the statements reflecting on these. Each group showed a similar pattern of kinds of statements for the self and for the other person. This suggests that autistic individuals show the same unique pattern of description in mentalistic terms for the self and another person. This study also indicates that investigating spontaneous use of language, especially for statements reflecting about mental states, enables us to look into difficulties with implicit (indirect) understanding of mental states.

Spatial representations of self and other in the hippocampus

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (6372) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruko Danjo ◽  
Taro Toyoizumi ◽  
Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Ca1 Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Reward Information

An animal’s awareness of its location in space depends on the activity of place cells in the hippocampus. How the brain encodes the spatial position of others has not yet been identified. We investigated neuronal representations of other animals’ locations in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus with an observational T-maze task in which one rat was required to observe another rat’s trajectory to successfully retrieve a reward. Information reflecting the spatial location of both the self and the other was jointly and discretely encoded by CA1 pyramidal cells in the observer rat. A subset of CA1 pyramidal cells exhibited spatial receptive fields that were identical for the self and the other. These findings demonstrate that hippocampal spatial representations include dimensions for both self and nonself.

Tracing Sexual Difference

1998 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pamela Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Difference

A reading of Luce Irigaray suggests the possibility of tracing sexual difference in philosophical accounts of personal identity. In particular, I argue that Irigaray raises the possibility of moving beyond the aporia of the other which lies at the heart of Paul Ricoeur's account of self-identity. My contention is that the self conceived in Ricoeur's Oneself as Another is male insofar as it is dependent upon the patriarchal monotheism which has shaped Western culture both socially and economically. Nevertheless there remains the possibility of developing Ricoeur's reference to 'the trace of the Other' in order to give a non-essential meaning to sexual difference. Such meaning will emerge when (i) both men and women have identities as subjects, and (ii) the difference between them can be expressed. I aim to elucidate both conditions by appropriating Irigaray's 'Questions to Emmanuel Levinas: On the Divinity of Love.'

scholarly journals Self and other in critical international theory: assimilation, incommensurability and the paradox of critique

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASSILIOS PAIPAIS
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Critical Edge ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article is principally concerned with the way some sophisticated critical approaches in International Relations (IR) tend to compromise their critical edge in their engagement with the self/other problematique. Critical approaches that understand critique as total non-violence towards, or unreflective affirmation of, alterity risk falling back into precritical paths. That is, either a particularistic, assimilative universalism with pretensions of true universality or a radical incommensurability and the impossibility of communication with the other. This is what this article understands as the paradox of the politics of critique. Instead, what is more important than seeking a final overcoming or dismissal of the self/other opposition is to gain the insight that it is the perpetual striving to preserve the tension and ambivalence between self and other that rescues both critique's authority and function.

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