Psychodynamics in Sport Performance Enhancement Consultation: Application of an Interpersonal Theory

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Conroy ◽  
Lorna Smith Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Performance Problems ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
A Performance

Psychodynamic concepts have only recently begun to attract serious attention in the sport psychology literature. A dynamically based, interpersonal approach to sport psychology consultation is outlined in this article. Key interpersonal constructs such as important persons and their internalized representations (IPIRs), copy processes, and self-sacrificing gifts of love are described to portray how a case formulation may be developed to explain and guide interventions to overcome some performance problems. Two cases, one involving a performance phobia and the other an enduring slump related to a fear of success, are presented to demonstrate the unique contributions of interpersonal case formulations in performance enhancement consultation.

Systematically Reviewing the Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Enhanced Athletic Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Sappington ◽  
Kathryn Longshore
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Quality Of Research

The field of applied sport psychology has traditionally grounded its performance enhancement techniques in the cognitive-behavioral elements of psychological skills training. These interventions typically advocate for controlling one’s cognitive and emotional processes during performance. Mindfulness-based approaches, on the other hand, have recently been introduced and employed more frequently in an effort to encourage athletes to adopt a nonjudgmental acceptance of all thoughts and emotions. Like many applied interventions in sport psychology, however, the body of literature supporting the efficacy of mindfulness-based approaches for performance enhancement is limited, and few efforts have been made to draw evidence-based conclusions from the existing research. The current paper had the purpose of systematically reviewing research on mindfulness-based interventions with athletes to assess (a) the efficacy of these approaches in enhancing sport performance and (b) the methodological quality of research conducted thus far. A comprehensive search of relevant databases, including peer-reviewed and gray literature, yielded 19 total trials (six case studies, two qualitative studies, seven nonrandomized trials, and four randomized trials) in accordance with the inclusion criteria. An assessment tool was used to score studies on the quality of research methodology. While a review of this literature yielded preliminary support for the efficacy of mindfulness-based performance enhancement strategies, the body of research also shows a need for more methodologically rigorous trials.

scholarly journals Pre-performance routines for music students: An experimental pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562095362
Author(s):  
Veronika J Tief ◽  
Peter Gröpel
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Control Goal

Studies in sport psychology show that using a pre-performance routine (PPR), a set of cognitive and behavioral elements, prior to performing, optimizes sport performance under pressure. We attempt to extend this effect to music performance, employing individually developed PPRs based on the centering technique. The hypothesis is that musicians with a PPR perform better and experience higher self-efficacy under pressure than participants with a control, goal-setting intervention. Thirty violin performance students performed an audition excerpt in a low-pressure pretest and a high-pressure posttest. Pressure was induced by the presence of an audience and a jury. Half of the students practiced their individualized PPRs during a 5-week period between performances, whereas the other half applied a goal-setting intervention to their practice. Participants’ music performance was measured by five expert jurors and self-evaluations. The results showed that both intervention techniques were perceived as equally helpful by the participants, but this did not translate into jurors’ performance evaluations. There were no significant differences between the PPR and goal-setting groups in music performance, but the PPR group had higher self-efficacy in the posttest than the goal-setting group. Future studies should include a third group without any intervention.

Supervision in the Education and Training of Sport Psychology Service Providers

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Andersen ◽  
Brian T. Williams-Rice
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Course Work ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
Psychology Service ◽  
Collegial Supervision ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology

Supervision plays a central role in the training of sport psychologists, but little discussion of what constitutes adequate supervision of trainees and practitioners is available in the applied sport psychology literature. Broader issues of supervision, such as the training of students to become supervisors, metasupervision, and career-long collegial supervision are rarely discussed. This paper will present models of general supervision processes from training the neophyte to collegial supervision, derived primarily from clinical and counseling psychology. Included are supervising the delivery of performance-enhancement services, identifying trainee and client needs, helping the student understand transference and countertransference phenomena, and suggestions for examining the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee. Suggestions for improving supervision include course work and/or practica in supervision processes for applied sport psychology graduate programs along with continuing education workshops at sport psychology conferences.

scholarly journals Mindfulness y rendimiento deportivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Mañas ◽  
Jesús Del Águila ◽  
Clemente Franco ◽  
Mª Dolores Gil ◽  
Consolación Gil
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions

Resumen: La inclusión del mindfulness en el deporte es un campo reciente. Mientras que la psicología del deporte ha dependido principalmente de la “segunda ola” de intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales durante las últimas cuatro décadas, una nueva aproximación que incluye al mindfulness se ha desarrollado recientemente: la “tercera ola”. Esta nueva aproximación asume la idea de que el rendimiento es un estado que no se basa en el auto-control o cambio del comportamiento, sino que es un estado que emerge del reconcomiendo y aceptación de los pensamientos, emociones y sensaciones corporales. La práctica del mindfulness permite aprender a observar y aceptar los pensamientos, emociones y sensaciones corporales sin intentar eliminarlos o modificarlos. Este trabajo revisa los dos principales programas de mindfulness para el rendimiento deportivo, ambos de la “tercera ola”: el Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) y el Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC). Mindfulness and sport performance Abstract: Mindfulness in sports is a recent field. While sport psychology relied mainly on “second wave” cognitive-behavioural interventions for the last four decades, a new approach has recently been developed in sport psychology including mindfulness: a “third wave” approach. This new approach assumes that ideal performance is a state that is not based on self-control or change in behaviour, but rather a state that arises from recognition and acceptance of thoughts, emotions and bodily sensations. Practicing mindfulness allows learns to observe and accept the thoughts, emotions, and body sensations, without making any attempt to eliminate or modify them. This paper reviews the main programs of mindfulness in sport performance both from the “third wave”: Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) and Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC).

El Deportista y la Atención Plena. / The Athlete and the Mindfulness.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Cepeda Salas ◽  
Alicia Elena Romero Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Alternative Proposal

El presente artículo explica y une el concepto de Atención Plena (Mindfulness) al deporte y a las experiencias de los atletas. Crítica a los modelos actuales de intervención en Psicología del Deporte y establece una propuesta alternativa. Mindfulness se ha descrito como una conciencia centrada en el presente, no elaborativa y no enjuiciadora, en la cual cada pensamiento, sentimiento o sensación que surge en el campo atencional es reconocido y aceptado tal como es (Kabat-Zinn, 1990; Segal, Williams y Teasdale, 2002; Shapiro y Schartz, 1999). Para el deportista significa aprender a estar en el momento presente, no detenerse en hechos del pasado como fallos o anticipar eventos futuros, como ganar o perder. Programas como Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) de Kaufman y Glass (2006); y el programa Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) de Gardner y Moore (2004, 2007), contribuirían a aumentar las experiencias de flow, reducirían la ansiedad pre-competitiva, incluso inciden en medidas de resultado atlético. This article explains and connects the concept of Mindfulness sports and the experiences of athletes. Criticizes the current models of intervention in Sport Psychology and establishes an alternative Proposal. Mindfulness hasbeen Described as a non-elaborative consciousness focused on the present, not judgmental, In Which every thought, feeling or sensation That Arises in the attentional field is Recognized and accepted as is (Kabat-Zinn, 1990; Segal, Williams and Teasdale, 2002; Shapiro and Schwartz, 1999). For the athlete Means learning to be in the present moment, not dwell on past events: such as failures or anticipate future events, winning or losing: such as. Programs like Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) of Kaufman and Glass (2006); and Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) Gardner and Moore (2004, 2007), the program would Enhance the experiences of flow, reduces the pre-competitive anxiety even Affect athletic outcomes.

Sport Psychology Consultants’ Experience of Using Hypnosis in Their Practice: An Exploratory Investigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Grindstaff ◽  
Leslee A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Enhancement Technique ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology ◽  
A Performance

The purpose of this study was to explore sport psychology consultants’ experiences of using hypnosis in their practice. Specifically a better understanding of hypnosis utilization as a performance enhancement technique in applied sport psychology was sought. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with six sport psychology consultants (all PhDs) who each possessed training and experience related to hypnosis. Analysis of the interview data revealed a variety of major themes and subthemes related to the guiding interview questions: (a) hypnosis training and experience, (b) stereotypes and misconceptions related to hypnosis, (c) utilizing hypnosis as a performance enhancement technique, (d) advantages and disadvantages of using hypnosis with athletes, and (e) cultural considerations related to using hypnosis.

Existential Phenomenology: Emphasizing the Experience of the Athlete in Sport Psychology Research

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Existential Phenomenology ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Phenomenological Interview ◽  
Accepted Form

Qualitative research in sport psychology is slowly becoming more of an accepted form of inquiry, and most of this research is conducted using various interview methods. In this paper, information is provided on a paradigm that has been given little consideration in sport psychology literature. This paradigm is termed existential phenomenology, and within this paradigm a chief mode of inquiry is the phenomenological interview. With its open-ended format and similarities to the athlete-sport psychology consultant interaction in a performance enhancement intervention, it is a method that appears to offer valuable information about the participant’s experience that might otherwise go unnoticied. The basic views of existential phenomenology, including its philosophical foundations as well as instructions for conducting a phenomenological interview study, are provided. Specific discussion of the potential significance of this type of research for the field of sport psychology is offered.

Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental training for athletes and coaches.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Kaufman ◽  
Carol R. Glass ◽  
Timothy R. Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Mental Training

Key phrase Extraction by Improving TextRank with an Integration of Word Embedding and Syntactic Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qi Luo ◽  
Yukun Feng ◽  
Ke Ding ◽  
Daniela Gifu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Phrase Extraction ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
Key Phrase Extraction

Background: As a known key phrase extraction algorithm, TextRank is an analogue of PageRank algorithm, which relied heavily on the statistics of term frequency in the manner of co-occurrence analysis. Objective: The frequency-based characteristic made it a neck-bottle for performance enhancement, and various improved TextRank algorithms were proposed in the recent years. Most of improvements incorporated semantic information into key phrase extraction algorithm and achieved improvement. Method: In this research, taking both syntactic and semantic information into consideration, we integrated syntactic tree algorithm and word embedding and put forward an algorithm of Word Embedding and Syntactic Information Algorithm (WESIA), which improved the accuracy of the TextRank algorithm. Results: By applying our method on a self-made test set and a public test set, the result implied that the proposed unsupervised key phrase extraction algorithm outperformed the other algorithms to some extent.

A Performance Enhancement by Ag/C Nanocables in Photo-Anodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Feng Wang ◽  
Xiao Yuan Sheng ◽  
Bin Bin Jin ◽  
Jing Hui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
A Performance
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