A Solution-Focused Approach to Shared Athlete Leadership Development Using Mixed Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Christopher Maechel ◽  
Todd M. Loughead ◽  
V. Vanessa Wergin ◽  
Tom Kossak ◽  
Jürgen Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Athlete Leadership ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solution Focused

Shared leadership is an emergent team phenomenon, emphasizing that it originates from the interaction of all team members. However, previous athlete leadership studies have focused on the individual level, omitting the role of team member interaction. In order to develop shared athlete leadership as an emergent team phenomenon, we utilized a solution-focused brief therapy paradigm, which uses coconstruction to engender change for social systems (e.g., sport teams). Sixty athletes from six sport teams (three in the experimental condition and three in the control condition) participated in a mixed-methods experimental design consisting of parallel quantitative and qualitative data collection along with a combined interpretation of these data. The quantitative results support a difference in development of shared leadership between groups, while the qualitative analysis resulted in four themes that indicate changes in interactional patterns and relational structures within the teams.

ANALYZING THE AGENT-BASED MODEL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUTAKA I. LEON SUEMATSU ◽  
KEIKI TAKADAMA ◽  
NORBERTO E. NAWA ◽  
KATSUNORI SHIMOHARA ◽  
OSAMU KATAI
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Agent-based models (ABMs) have been attracting the attention of researchers in the social sciences, becoming a prominent paradigm in the study of complex social systems. Although a great number of models have been proposed for studying a variety of social phenomena, no general agent design methodology is available. Moreover, it is difficult to validate the accuracy of these models. For this reason, we believe that some guidelines for ABMs design must be devised; therefore, this paper is a first attempt to analyze the levels of ABMs, identify and classify several aspects that should be considered when designing ABMs. Through our analysis, the following implications have been found: (1) there are two levels in designing ABMs: the individual level, related to the design of the agents' internal structure, and the collective level, which concerns the design of the agent society or macro-dynamics of the model; and (2) the mechanisms of these levels strongly affect the outcomes of the models.

Working with Asian American Clients: One Person at a Time

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insoo Kim Berg ◽  
Scott D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solution Focused ◽  
Group Experience

The authors contend that not all clients from the same ethnic group experience life in similar ways. A treatment model is presented that incorporates both macro and micro views of ethnic differences and similarities. Therapists need to maintain both an ecosystemic view of how the ethnic and cultural experiences of the client affect treatment while not losing sight of the micro view of how these cultural traits are experienced at the individual level. Based on a solution-focused treatment model, the authors present an approach to working with clients from different ethnic or cultural groups. Case vignettes are used throughout to illustrate helpful techniques in working with Asian American clients.

scholarly journals Towards a definition of anti-oppressive dietetic practice in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Eric Ng ◽  
Caroline Wai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Increasingly, dietitians have found ourselves working with racialized clients, communities, and colleagues across the health and food systems in Canada. We are often asked to treat the adverse health outcomes of Black, Indigenous, and racialized communities resulting from these oppressions at the individual level. However, it is the role of dietitians to engage in efforts to "reduce health inequities and protect human rights; promote fairness and equitable treatment" (College of Dietitians of Ontario, 2019). An anti-oppression approach is required for dietitians to understand how their power and privilege shape the dietitian-client relationship. The purpose of this commentary is to propose a shift from cultural competence or diversity and inclusion in dietetics to an explicit intention of anti-oppressive dietetic practice. We begin our exploration from the Canadian context. We draw from our background working in health equity in public health, and our experiences facilitating equity training using anti-oppression approaches with dietetic learners and other public health practitioners. In creating a working definition of anti-oppressive dietetic practice, we conducted a scan of anti-oppression statements by health and social services organizations in Ontario, Canada, and literature from critical dietetics. A literature search revealed anti-oppressive practice frameworks in nursing and social work. However, this language is lacking in mainstream dietetic practice, with anti-oppression only discussed within the literature on critical dietetics and social justice. We propose that "dietitians can engage in anti-oppressive practice by providing food and nutrition care/planning/service to clients while simultaneously seeking to transform health and social systems towards social justice."

Coaches' views on how to develop shared leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit van Dalfsen ◽  
Jo Van Hoecke ◽  
Hans Westerbeek ◽  
Veerle De Bosscher
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Leadership Capacity ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate coaches' views on developing leadership and shared leadership capacity in particular in competitive youth football.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative examination focusses on the leadership philosophy of ten male coaches at the sub-elite competitive level in youth football in The Netherlands and applies the theory of shared leadership to examine coaches' views on developing leadership capacity.FindingsOnly few coaches have a clear philosophy on the development of leadership in general and/or shared leadership in particular. Most coaches do not have a distinct view on how to involve players in the team processes. Shared leadership development in youth teams occurs occasionally but can be implemented more intentionally.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study lacks generalizability, coaches' views are required in understanding how shared leadership is to be developed in youth sport.Practical implicationsFor implementing shared leadership in football purposefully, a clear view on the development of youth is required, whereas coaches need to be taught, how to involve the individual players in team processes such as decision-making. In addition, leadership development in sport may have the potential of transfer of skills to other domains.Social implicationsLearning shared leadership at a young age by athletes can have a positive influence on relationships in teams on micro-level and might have an impact on meso-level within a football club because of its social constructionist approach.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to apply shared leadership at the micro-level of competitive youth football making use of football coaches' view.

Agile feedback drives accountability and sustained behavior change

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Allan H. Church ◽  
Lorraine M. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Capability Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a data-driven approach to driving accountability for behavior change at the individual level, i.e. the “Development Check-In” (DCI). It has become an accepted reality that 70 per cent of all organizational change efforts fail. The reasons cited are many and include such factors as a lack of focus on the hard and soft sides of the organization, misaligned reward systems, disengaged leadership and new interventions introduced at the expense of existing efforts. While all of these are important, we argue that accountability is the most critical element for ensuring an intervention sticks and delivers lasting results. Design/methodology/approach The DCI reflects the principles of agility and accountability, and has been used with great success in a large consumer products organization. The paper begins with an overview of the need for feedback tools to drive accountability, followed by a discussion of the design and process of the DCI. Findings Highlights from the authors’ use of the customized process to measure and reinforce leader capability development over time are then provided. The paper concludes with some recommendations and additional considerations. Originality/value Behavior change is not easy and requires focus, direction and a way of measuring progress. The DCI is an example of an agile multi-rater feedback accountability mechanism that provides leaders and managers with targeted and positively oriented feedback to support their continued development. This type of tool can be used beyond leadership development for a variety of types of interventions because it is based on sound organization development principles.

scholarly journals Role Ambiguity in Sport Teams

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Eys ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The general purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of role ambiguity in sport teams and to explore the construct validity of the operational definition of role ambiguity developed by Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron (2002). Role ambiguity was operationalized as a multidimensional construct (Scope of Responsibilities, Behavioral Responsibilities, Evaluation of Performance, and Consequences of Not Fulfilling Responsibilities) that occurs in two contexts, offense and defense. Consistent with the a priori hypothesis, perceptions of role ambiguity exhibited some degree of within-group consistency and group-level variability, but most of the variance in role ambiguity was seen at the individual level. Also, perceptions of role ambiguity decreased from early to late season. Finally, veteran athletes experienced less role ambiguity than first-year athletes at the beginning of the season, but not at the end. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Shared Leadership, Unshared Burdens: How Shared Leadership Structure Schema Lowers Individual Enjoyment Without Increasing Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 105960112199722
Author(s):  
Karoline Evans ◽  
Bret Sanner ◽  
Chia-Yen (Chad) Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Adaptive Leadership ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adaptive Leadership Theory ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Peer Engagement ◽  
Interpersonal Responsibility ◽  
The Individual

Despite the growing popularity of shared leadership, there is little research on how beliefs about the benefits of shared leadership—a shared leadership structure schema (LSS)—affect individual outcomes. We address this by integrating adaptive leadership and conservation of resources theories. We apply adaptive leadership theory to hypothesize that a shared LSS leads individuals to support shared leadership by interacting more frequently and taking on interpersonal responsibility, especially when low peer engagement signals a leadership void that shared LSS members try to fill. However, adaptive leadership theory does not discuss how the tendencies motivated by shared LSS impacts members’ outcome. Therefore, we apply conservation of resources theory to hypothesize that taking on interpersonal responsibility makes frequent interactions more stressful, thereby harming individual enjoyment. Further, the demands of interpersonal responsibility reduce members’ ability to process the information acquired in interactions, which negates interaction frequency’s usual performance benefits. Together, these theories suggest that, especially when peer engagement is low, shared LSS has a negative indirect effect on enjoyment and an attenuating effect on performance through interaction frequency due to shared LSS members taking on interpersonal responsibility. We test our model using five waves of multisource data on student consulting teams. Our results extend understanding of shared LSS’s consequences to the individual level and highlight potential costs of supporting shared leadership.

scholarly journals Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1597) ◽  
pp. 1802-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Flack
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Collective Dynamics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

To build a theory of social complexity, we need to understand how aggregate social properties arise from individual interaction rules. Here, I review a body of work on the developmental dynamics of pigtailed macaque social organization and conflict management that provides insight into the mechanistic causes of multi-scale social systems. In this model system coarse-grained, statistical representations of collective dynamics are more predictive of the future state of the system than the constantly in-flux behavioural patterns at the individual level. The data suggest that individuals can perceive and use these representations for strategical decision-making. As an interaction history accumulates the coarse-grained representations consolidate. This constrains individual behaviour and provides the foundations for new levels of organization. The time-scales on which these representations change impact whether the consolidating higher-levels can be modified by individuals and collectively. The time-scales appear to be a function of the ‘coarseness’ of the representations and the character of the collective dynamics over which they are averages. The data suggest that an advantage of multiple timescales is that they allow social systems to balance tradeoffs between predictability and adaptability. I briefly discuss the implications of these findings for cognition, social niche construction and the evolution of new levels of organization in biological systems.

Coaching competency and trust in coach in sport teams

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
San-Fu Kao ◽  
Ming-Hui Hsieh ◽  
Po-Lun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Character Building ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coaching Competency

This study examines the relationship between coaching competency as evaluated by athletes and their perceptions of trust in their coaches. The authors hypothesize that athletes’ evaluation of four dimensions of coaching competency is positively related to their trust in their coaches, and that this relationship is stronger at the team level than at the individual level. In total, 438 basketball players (251 males and 187 females) from 34 teams completed the Coaching Competency Scale (CCS) and the trust in the coach questionnaire during the postseason. The hypotheses were tested through hierarchical linear modeling. The analyses revealed that individual- and group-level evaluations of the four-dimensional CCS (motivation, game-strategy, technique, and character-building competencies) positively predicted trust in the coach; furthermore, group-level coaching competency was the primary contributor to this relationship. Therefore, improving the psychological and tactical skills of coaches and their skill detection abilities and instruction at training together with a positive attitude toward sports may help improve the trust of athletes in their coaches.

scholarly journals A data-driven method for reconstructing and modelling social interactions in moving animal groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20190380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Escobedo ◽  
V. Lecheval ◽  
V. Papaspyros ◽  
F. Bonnet ◽  
F. Mondada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
The Individual

Group-living organisms that collectively migrate range from cells and bacteria to human crowds, and include swarms of insects, schools of fish, and flocks of birds or ungulates. Unveiling the behavioural and cognitive mechanisms by which these groups coordinate their movements is a challenging task. These mechanisms take place at the individual scale and can be described as a combination of interactions between individuals and interactions between these individuals and the physical obstacles in the environment. Thanks to the development of novel tracking techniques that provide large and accurate datasets, the main characteristics of individual and collective behavioural patterns can be quantified with an unprecedented level of precision. However, in a large number of studies, social interactions are usually described by force map methods that only have a limited capacity of explanation and prediction, being rarely suitable for a direct implementation in a concise and explicit mathematical model. Here, we present a general method to extract the interactions between individuals that are involved in the coordination of collective movements in groups of organisms. We then apply this method to characterize social interactions in two species of shoaling fish, the rummy-nose tetra ( Hemigrammus rhodostomus ) and the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ), which both present a burst-and-coast motion. From the detailed quantitative description of individual-level interactions, it is thus possible to develop a quantitative model of the emergent dynamics observed at the group level, whose predictions can be checked against experimental results. This method can be applied to a wide range of biological and social systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems’.

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