The Rhetoric and Ideology Behind Title IX: An Analysis of U.S. Newspaper Editorials, 2002-2005

This study explores assumptions about the relationship between sport and gender through a textual analysis of newspaper editorials on Title IX from 2002 to 2005. Through the analysis we found that none of the articles opposed Title IX outright. The arguments in the editorials used a liberal feminist rationale that positioned women and men as equally deserving of civil rights protections and the institution of sports as needing to become gender-neutral to provide those protections. An “oppositional reading” of these editorials from a radical feminist perspective, however, found the assumption that the practice and values of sports are naturally masculine; thus, sports ultimately belong to men. The analysis illuminated the shortcomings of the liberal feminist rhetoric and the need for more radical voices to move women’s sports from a defensive to an empowered position in U.S. culture.

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Journalism and Gender

Nordicom Review ◽

10.2478/nor-2018-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Iiris Ruoho ◽

Sinikka Torkkola

Keyword(s):

Social Roles ◽

Main Argument ◽

Research Focus ◽

Specific Research ◽

Gender Neutral ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Abstract In this article, we raise some methodological questions regarding the study of journalism and gender. We start with the idea that in many studies, researchers tend to think that the relationship between gender and journalism is external, that is, gender and journalism are considered essentially separate phenomena. In such a scenario, journalism appears to be gender neutral. Instead of theoretically keeping journalism and gender apart, we suggest that it is worth studying journalism as a gendered institution with its own history, culture, and social roles. We ask how the understanding of the relationship between journalism and gender may change if different social, cultural, and conventional dimensions of journalism are examined. Our main argument is that journalism and its relationship to gender can be investigated systematically as a multidimensional object that highlights various aspects of both concepts, depending on the specific research focus. Based on our former study, we aim to develop a model for examining these diverse facets of journalism.

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Precarity From a Feminist Perspective: A Note on Three Elements for the Political Struggle

Review of Radical Political Economics ◽

10.1177/0486613420906930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 582-590

Author(s):

Natalia Flores Garrido

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Approach ◽

Gender Relations ◽

Feminist Perspective ◽

The Political ◽

Doing Gender ◽

Political Struggle ◽

Intersectional Analysis ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Three different approaches to understand the relationship between precarity and gender relations are presented: feminization of precarity, doing gender in a precarious context, and an intersectional analysis of precarity. After briefly characterizing them, the author offers some reflections of what each theoretical approach can offer to the political struggle against precarity.

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Scrutinizing the U.S. Equality Act 2019: A Feminist Examination of Definitional Changes and Sociolegal Ramifications

Feminist Criminology ◽

10.1177/1557085120918667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 363-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Callie H. Burt

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Feminist Perspective ◽

Identity Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Democratic Support ◽

Key Terms ◽

The U.S

The U.S. Equality Act, which amends civil rights statutes to explicitly prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, passed the House in May 2019 with unanimous Democratic support. Adopting a feminist perspective, I scrutinize the act from a largely neglected position, one that supports both LGBTQ and sex-based rights. Although laudable in its aims, the Equality Act is objectionable in form. The Act extends non-discrimination protections to LGBTQ individuals not by creating new protected classes but by redefining sex to include gender identity and sexual orientation, which is not only terminologically imprecise but also creates a clash between sex-based and gender identity-based rights. By defining gender identity as something that exists to be protected “regardless of sex,” the act undermines sex-based provisions, replacing them with provisions based on gender self-identification. Recognizing confusion over terminology, I describe key terms (sex, gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation) and consider various usages. I conclude by discussing ways the bill might be modified so as to protect LGBTQ people without undermining women’s (sex-based) rights.

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Rethinking Identity and Feminism: Contributions of Mapuche Women and Machi from Southern Chile

Hypatia ◽

10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb00800.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 32-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ana Mariella Bacigalupo

Keyword(s):

Theory And Practice ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Feminist Rhetoric ◽

Self And Other ◽

Subject And Object ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Way

I analyze how machi discourse and practice of gender and identity contribute to feminist debates about gendered indigenous Others, and the effects that Western notions of Self and Other and feminist rhetoric have on Mapuche women and machi: people who heal with herbal remedies and the help of spirits. Machi juggling of different worlds offers a particular understanding of the way identity and gender are constituted and of the relationship between Self and Other, theory and practice, subject and object, feminism and Womanism.

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The Civil Rights Restoration Act and Enforcement of Title IX

10.5406/illinois/9780252039782.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Howard P. Chudacoff

Keyword(s):

Civil Rights ◽

Gender Equity ◽

Intercollegiate Athletics ◽

Title Ix ◽

The United States ◽

Financial Assistance ◽

National Origin ◽

Federal Funds ◽

And Gender ◽

Federal Assistance

This chapter discusses Title IX, the Civil Rights Restoration Act, and gender equity on college sports. The Education Amendments passed by Congress in 1972 included a provision in its Title IX that “no person in the United States shall on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” However, many colleges and universities, whose athletic policies were dominated by male coaches and administrators, dithered on making significant commitments to expand female participation in intercollegiate athletics. In 1987, Congress proposed an act “to restore the broad scope of coverage and to clarify the application of Title IX.” The law, named the Civil Rights Restoration Act, which applied to Title IX and three other civil-rights statutes, would require that any organization or entity that receives federal funds, or indirectly benefits from federal assistance, must abide by laws outlawing discriminatory practices based upon race, religion, color, national origin, age, disability, or gender.

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A Feminist Perspective on the Relationship between Family Life and School Life

Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/002205748416600103 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 5-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Madeline Arnot

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Feminist Perspective ◽

Class Relations ◽

School Life ◽

Work Relations ◽

The Family ◽

Family And Work ◽

And Gender ◽

New Research ◽

The Relationship

Family-school relations as presented in a political economy of education are critically examined. The ways in which the separation of family and work is reinforced and the distinction between male and female spheres is legitimated are analysed within three different relationships: between schools and the economy, schooling and work, and the family and school. New ways of understanding school experience are suggested through a review of new research on family cultures and the reproduction of female class relations. The paper concludes with a call to reintegrate family and work relations, to reassess our assumptions about the family and the formation of class and gender identities, and to develop a feminist perspective within a revised political economy of education.

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The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.28.2.78 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 78-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stefan J. Troche ◽

Nina Weber ◽

Karina Hennigs ◽

Carl-René Andresen ◽

Thomas H. Rammsayer

Keyword(s):

Gender Role ◽

Sex Role ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Gender Role Orientation ◽

Left Hand ◽

Fourth Finger ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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Kick-Starting Female Careers

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 193-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tanja Hentschel ◽

Lisa Kristina Horvath ◽

Claudia Peus ◽

Sabine Sczesny

Keyword(s):

Word Pair ◽

Linguistic Form ◽

Gender Neutral ◽

Entrepreneurial Activities ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Entrepreneurship programs often aim at increasing women’s lower entrepreneurial activities. We investigate how advertisements for entrepreneurship programs can be designed to increase women’s application intentions. Results of an experiment with 156 women showed that women indicate (1) lower self-ascribed fit to and interest in the program after viewing a male-typed image (compared to a gender-neutral or female-typed image) in the advertisement; and (2) lower self-ascribed fit to and interest in the program as well as lower application intentions if the German masculine linguistic form of the term “entrepreneur” (compared to the gender-fair word pair “female and male entrepreneur”) is used in the recruitment advertisement. Women’s reactions are most negative when both a male-typed image and the masculine linguistic form appear in the advertisement. Self-ascribed fit and program interest mediate the relationship of advertisement characteristics on application intentions.

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