scholarly journals Carbon speciation in organic fossils using 2D to 3D x-ray Raman multispectral imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Georgiou ◽  
Pierre Gueriau ◽  
Christoph J. Sahle ◽  
Sylvain Bernard ◽  
Alessandro Mirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Fossil ◽  
Homogeneous Chemical ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D To 3D

The in situ two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging of the chemical speciation of organic fossils is an unsolved problem in paleontology and cultural heritage. Here, we use x-ray Raman scattering (XRS)–based imaging at the carbon K-edge to form 2D and 3D images of the carbon chemistry in two exceptionally preserved specimens, a fossil plant dating back from the Carboniferous and an ancient insect entrapped in 53-million-year-old amber. The 2D XRS imaging of the plant fossil reveals a homogeneous chemical composition with micrometric “pockets” of preservation, likely inherited from its geological history. The 3D XRS imaging of the insect cuticle displays an exceptionally well preserved remaining chemical signature typical of polysaccharides such as chitin around a largely hollowed-out inclusion. Our results open up new perspectives for in situ chemical speciation imaging of fossilized organic materials, with the potential to enhance our understanding of organic specimens and their paleobiology.

3D Investigation of Fatigue Crack Morphology and Crack Growth of Iron-Based Materials via Synchrotron X-Ray CT

2015 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Jiang Ying Meng ◽  
Min An Chen ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Fu Cheng Zhang ◽  
Li He Qian
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crack Morphology

The present paper addresses a 3D investigation of a complicated fatigue crack profile and crack growth behavior in cast Hadfield high manganese steel by in-situ X-ray computed tomography (CT) experiments. In-situ loading experiments were performed on fatigue pre-cracked samples at the X-ray beamline BL13W1 of Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in China, and high-resolution phase contrast imaging technique was applied to obtain the 3D images. Based on the rendered 3D images at varied loading levels, various crack features and the interactions of the fatigue crack with casting pores were identified and analyzed.

In situ search for life traces in extraterrestrial samples by synchrotron x-ray fluorescence 2D and 3D imaging

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Lemelle ◽  
Alexandre Simionovici ◽  
Murielle Salomé ◽  
Pierre Bleuet ◽  
Jean Susini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals The Influence of Alloy Composition and Liquid Phase on Foaming of Al–Si–Mg Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco García-Moreno ◽  
Laurenz Alexander Radtke ◽  
Tillmann Robert Neu ◽  
Paul Hans Kamm ◽  
Manuela Klaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Foams ◽  
Si Content ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
In Situ Diffraction

The foaming behaviour of aluminium alloys processed by the powder compaction technique depends crucially on the exact alloy composition. The AlSi8Mg4 alloy has been in use for a decade now, and it has been claimed that this composition lies in an “island of good foaming”. We investigated the reasons for this by systematically studying alloys around this composition by varying the Mg and Si content by a few percent. We applied in situ X-ray 2D and 3D imaging experiments combined with a quantitative nucleation number and expansion analysis, X-ray tomography of solid foams to assess the pore structure and pore size distribution, and in situ diffraction experiments to quantify the melt fraction at any moment. We found a correlation between melt fraction and expansion height and verified that the “island of good foaming” actually exists, and foams outside a preferred range for the liquid fraction—just above TS and between 40–60%—show a poorer expansion performance than the reference alloy AlSi8Mg4. A very slight increase of Si and decrease of Mg content might further improve this foam.

In Situ X-Ray Tomography Studies of Microstructural Evolution Combined with 3D Modeling

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-Y. Buffière ◽  
P. Cloetens ◽  
W. Ludwig ◽  
E. Maire ◽  
L. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Metal Solidification ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Data

AbstractSynchrotron x-ray microtomography is a characterization technique increasingly used to obtain 3D images of the interior of optically opaque materials with a spatial resolution in the micrometer range. As a nondestructive technique, it enables the monitoring of microstructural evolution during in situ experiments. In this article, examples from three different fields of metals research illustrate the contribution of x-ray tomography data to modeling: deformation of cellular materials, metal solidification, and fatigue crack growth in Al alloys. Conventionally, tomography probes the 3D distribution of the x-ray attenuation coefficient within a sample. However, this technique is also being extended to determine the local crystallographic orientation in the bulk of materials (diffraction contrast tomography), a key issue for the modeling of microstructure in metals.

In situ Chemical Speciation of Uranium in Soils and Sediments by Micro X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Bertsch ◽  
Douglas B. Hunter ◽  
Stephen R. Sutton ◽  
Sasa. Bajt ◽  
Mark L. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Microstructure Characterisation of Advanced Materials via 2D and 3D X-Ray Refraction Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 2401-2406
Author(s):  
Bernd R. Müller ◽  
Andreas Kupsch ◽  
René Laquai ◽  
Jens Nellesen ◽  
Wolfgang Tillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Internal Specific Surface

3D imaging techniques have an enormous potential to understand the microstructure, its evolution, and its link to mechanical, thermal, and transport properties. In this conference paper we report the use of a powerful, yet not so wide-spread, set of X-ray techniques based on refraction effects. X-ray refraction allows determining internal specific surface (surface per unit volume) in a non-destructive fashion, position and orientation sensitive, and with a nanometric detectability. We demonstrate showcases of ceramics and composite materials, where microstructural parameters could be achieved in a way unrivalled even by high-resolution techniques such as electron microscopy or computed tomography. We present in situ analysis of the damage evolution in an Al/Al2O3 metal matrix composite during tensile load and the identification of void formation (different kinds of defects, particularly unsintered powder hidden in pores, and small inhomogeneity’s like cracks) in Ti64 parts produced by selective laser melting using synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography and tomography.

Hierarchic self-assembling of silver nanoparticles in solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Suber ◽  
Gaetano Campi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractFacile chemical synthesis and understanding of the formation mechanism of silver nanoparticles, ordered on the microscale on one-dimensional (1D), 2D or in 3D structures of complex forms is challenging for advanced applications, in electronics, optoelectronics, and medicine, to mention a few. Significant results obtained in the comprehension of assembling mechanisms in solutions of silver nanoparticles in 1D, 2D, and 3D organic-inorganic mesostructures are surveyed together with details on their preparation and characterization. Emphasis will be placed on very recent results obtained in our laboratories on self-assembly of silver nanoparticles in 1D microstructures and hierarchic ordering in 3D flower-like mesostructures monitored and studied by in situ and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements.

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