scholarly journals Metabolomic shifts associated with heat stress in coral holobionts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. eabd4210
Author(s):  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Eric N. Chiles ◽  
Dennis Conetta ◽  
Jananan S. Pathmanathan ◽  
Phillip A. Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Bleaching Response ◽  
Exaiptasia Pallida

Understanding the response of the coral holobiont to environmental change is crucial to inform conservation efforts. The most pressing problem is “coral bleaching,” usually precipitated by prolonged thermal stress. We used untargeted, polar metabolite profiling to investigate the physiological response of the coral species Montipora capitata and Pocillopora acuta to heat stress. Our goal was to identify diagnostic markers present early in the bleaching response. From the untargeted UHPLC-MS data, a variety of co-regulated dipeptides were found that have the highest differential accumulation in both species. The structures of four dipeptides were determined and showed differential accumulation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic (alga-free) populations of the sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida), suggesting the deep evolutionary origins of these dipeptides and their involvement in symbiosis. These and other metabolites may be used as diagnostic markers for thermal stress in wild coral.

scholarly journals Metabolome shift associated with thermal stress in coral holobionts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Eric N. Chiles ◽  
Dennis Conetta ◽  
Jananan S. Pathmanathan ◽  
Phillip A. Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Algal Symbiont ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Algal Symbiosis ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Global Threat

SummaryCoral reef systems are under global threat due to warming and acidifying oceans1. Understanding the response of the coral holobiont to environmental change is crucial to aid conservation efforts. The most pressing problem is “coral bleaching”, usually precipitated by prolonged thermal stress that disrupts the algal symbiosis sustaining the holobiont2,3. We used metabolomics to understand how the coral holobiont metabolome responds to heat stress with the goal of identifying diagnostic markers prior to bleaching onset. We studied the heat tolerant Montipora capitata and heat sensitive Pocillopora acuta coral species from the Hawaiian reef system in Kāne’ohe Bay, O’ahu. Untargeted LC-MS analysis uncovered both known and novel metabolites that accumulate during heat stress. Among those showing the highest differential accumulation were a variety of co-regulated dipeptides present in both species. The structures of four of these compounds were determined (Arginine-Glutamine, Lysine-Glutamine, Arginine-Valine, and Arginine-Alanine). These dipeptides also showed differential accumulation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic (alga free) individuals of the sea anemone model Aiptasia4, suggesting their animal provenance and algal symbiont related function. Our results identify a suite of metabolites associated with thermal stress that can be used to diagnose coral health in wild samples.

Temperature regulation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareket Falk ◽  
Raffy Dotan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Thermoregulatory Response ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Training

This chapter outlines the physical and physiological changes that occur during growth and maturation and the possible effects these changes can have on the nature and effectiveness of thermoregulation. The physiological responses to heat stress are discussed in terms of metabolic, circulatory, hormonal, and sweating responses, changes in body temperature, and in terms of heat tolerance. Also discussed is hydration status, which can affect thermoregulatory effectiveness in the heat. The physiological response to cold stress is considered in terms of the metabolic and circulatory responses and their possible influence on the effectiveness of thermoregulation. The discussion does not outline the thermoregulatory response per se, but rather emphasizes the differences in that response between children and adults. Finally, child–adult differences in the acclimatization- and training-induced adaptations to thermal stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Elucidating gene expression adaptation of phylogenetically divergent coral holobionts under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana Avila-Magaña ◽  
Bishoy Kamel ◽  
Michael DeSalvo ◽  
Kelly Gómez-Campo ◽  
Susana Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stress Experiment ◽  
Multiple Interactions

AbstractAs coral reefs struggle to survive under climate change, it is crucial to know whether they have the capacity to withstand changing conditions, particularly increasing seawater temperatures. Thermal tolerance requires the integrative response of the different components of the coral holobiont (coral host, algal photosymbiont, and associated microbiome). Here, using a controlled thermal stress experiment across three divergent Caribbean coral species, we attempt to dissect holobiont member metatranscriptome responses from coral taxa with different sensitivities to heat stress and use phylogenetic ANOVA to study the evolution of gene expression adaptation. We show that coral response to heat stress is a complex trait derived from multiple interactions among holobiont members. We identify host and photosymbiont genes that exhibit lineage-specific expression level adaptation and uncover potential roles for bacterial associates in supplementing the metabolic needs of the coral-photosymbiont duo during heat stress. Our results stress the importance of integrative and comparative approaches across a wide range of species to better understand coral survival under the predicted rise in sea surface temperatures.

Physiological response to heat stress and ingestive behavior of lactating Jersey cows in silvopasture and conventional pasture grazing systems in a Brazilian subtropical climate zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Reimann Skonieski ◽  
Edenilson Robson de Souza ◽  
Luana Carolina Bachmann Gregolin ◽  
Ana Carolina Fluck ◽  
Olmar Antônio Denardin Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Jersey Cows

Diverse symbiont bleaching responses are evident from 2-degree heating week bleaching conditions as thermal stress intensifies in coral

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gierz ◽  
Tracy D. Ainsworth ◽  
William Leggat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Host Coral ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Bleaching Response ◽  
Degree Heating Weeks ◽  
Host Tissues

Coral bleaching is the dysfunction of the coral–algal endosymbiosis and is characterised as a loss of Symbiodiniaceae cells from host tissues or the loss of photosynthetic pigments. This breakdown of symbiosis occurs as a result of elevated temperature beyond the organism’s thermal threshold. The thermal tipping points within the symbiosis have not yet been well resolved, and the mechanisms underlying the various cellular processes of the corals bleaching response remain unknown. This study characterised the cellular responses of the symbiont Cladocopium sp. (syn. clade C3) within the host coral Acropora aspera during exposure to thermal stress. Exposure to temperatures between 2 and 3°C below the bleaching threshold, equating to 2-degree heating weeks (DHWs), results in changes to the symbiont cell morphology and cell division rates. Once corals were exposed to 4 DHWs, over 90% of the symbiont cells showed signs of degradation. Although sub-bleaching thermal stress is not sufficient to trigger bleaching alerts at an ecological scale, this stressor substantially affects the coral symbiosis. It is therefore vital that we begin to quantify how sub-bleaching thermal stress affects the fitness of Symbiodiniacea populations, their coral hosts and subsequently reefs worldwide.

scholarly journals Seascape genomics reveals candidate molecular targets of heat stress adaptation in three coral species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Selmoni ◽  
Gaël Lecellier ◽  
Hélène Magalon ◽  
Laurent Vigliola ◽  
Francesca Benzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

AbstractAnomalous heat waves are causing a major decline of hard corals around the world and threatening the persistence of coral reefs. There are, however, reefs that had been exposed to recurrent thermal stress over the years and whose corals appeared tolerant against heat. One of the mechanisms that could explain this phenomenon is local adaptation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known.In this work, we applied a seascape genomics approach to study heat stress adaptation in three coral species of New Caledonia (southwestern Pacific) and to uncover molecular actors potentially involved. We used remote sensing data to characterize the environmental trends across the reef system, and sampled corals living at the most contrasted sites. These samples underwent next generation sequencing to reveal single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) of which frequencies associated with heat stress gradients. As these SNPs might underpin an adaptive role, we characterized the functional roles of the genes located in their genomic neighborhood.In each of the studied species, we found heat stress associated SNPs notably located in proximity of genes coding for well-established actors of the cellular responses against heat. Among these, we can mention proteins involved in DNA damage-repair, protein folding, oxidative stress homeostasis, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. In some cases, the same putative molecular targets of heat stress adaptation recurred among species.Together, these results underscore the relevance and the power of the seascape genomics approach for the discovery of adaptive traits that could allow corals to persist across wider thermal ranges.

Physiological Response to Thermal Stress of the Caribbean Corals Orbicella annularis and Porites astreoides

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Sot ◽  
Alex Edgardo Me ◽  
Koralis Reyes-Mald ◽  
Alberto Miguel Sab
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
The Caribbean

Ascorbic acid: a limiting nutrient affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chicks under heat stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
H.R. Kutlu ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

Birds are normally able to synthesize adequate amounts of ascorbic acid (AA). However, there are many indications that under stress they cannot produce enough AA for their metabolic needs. In particular, heat stress has been implicated in increasing birds’ demand for AA (Scott, 1975; Sykes, 1978; Coates, 1984). These reports suggest that conditions may exist in which endogenous AA synthesis of birds is not adequate to meet the physiological needs for optimum performance and that during such conditions exogenous supplementation with AA could be beneficial. This study was conducted to determine if dietary supplemental AA would alleviate heat-induced deterioration in performance and metabolism of broiler chicks and also to characterize the changes in body temperature, thyroid weight and blood components as affected by supplemental AA and/or heating.

scholarly journals Verification of Heat Stress Thresholds for a Health-Based Heat-Wave Definition

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Napoli ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
Hannah L. Cloke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Warning System ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Maximum Heat

AbstractHeat waves represent a threat to human health and excess mortality is one of the associated negative effects. A health-based definition for heat waves is therefore relevant, especially for early warning purposes, and it is here investigated via the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The UTCI is a bioclimate index elaborated via an advanced model of human thermoregulation that estimates the thermal stress induced by air temperature, wind speed, moisture, and radiation on the human physiology. Using France as a test bed, the UTCI was computed from meteorological reanalysis data to assess the thermal stress conditions associated with heat-attributable excess mortality in five cities. UTCI values at different climatological percentiles were defined and evaluated in their ability to identify periods of excess mortality (PEMs) over 24 years. Using verification metrics such as the probability of detection (POD), the false alarm ratio (FAR), and the frequency bias (FB), daily minimum and maximum heat stress levels equal to or above corresponding UTCI 95th percentiles (15° ± 2°C and 34.5° ± 1.5°C, respectively) for 3 consecutive days are demonstrated to correlate to PEMs with the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.69 ≤ POD ≤ 1, 0.19 ≤ FAR ≤ 0.46, 1 ≤ FB ≤ 1.48) than minimum, maximum, and mean heat stress level singularly and other bioclimatological percentiles. This finding confirms the detrimental effect of prolonged, unusually high heat stress at day- and nighttime and suggests the UTCI 95th percentile as a health-meaningful threshold for a potential heat-health watch warning system.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Responses to Thermal Stress and Varied Phosphorus Conditions in Fugacium kawagutii

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senjie Lin ◽  
Liying Yu ◽  
Huan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dual Algorithm ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses ◽  
Major Nutrients

Coral reef-associated Symbiodiniaceae live in tropical and oligotrophic environments and are prone to heat and nutrient stress. How their metabolic pathways respond to pulses of warming and phosphorus (P) depletion is underexplored. Here, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to investigate transcriptomic responses to thermal stress, phosphate deprivation, and organic phosphorus (OP) replacement in Fugacium kawagutii. Using dual-algorithm (edgeR and NOIseq) to remedy the problem of no replicates, we conservatively found 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under heat stress, potentially regulating cell wall modulation and the transport of iron, oxygen, and major nutrients. About 396 DEGs were detected under P deprivation and 671 under OP utilization, both mostly up-regulated and potentially involved in photosystem and defensome, despite different KEGG pathway enrichments. Additionally, we identified 221 genes that showed relatively stable expression levels across all conditions (likely core genes), mostly catalytic and binding proteins. This study reveals a wide range of, and in many cases previously unrecognized, molecular mechanisms in F. kawagutii to cope with heat stress and phosphorus-deficiency stress. Their quantitative expression dynamics, however, requires further verification with triplicated experiments, and the data reported here only provide clues for generating testable hypotheses about molecular mechanisms underpinning responses and adaptation in F. kawagutii to temperature and nutrient stresses.

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