scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofStreptococcus pneumoniae in China and Comparison of MICs by Agar Dilution and E-Test Methods

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Robin Huebner ◽  
Minjun Chen ◽  
Keith Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT Beta-lactam resistance by Streptococcus pneumoniae is becoming a significant threat to public health worldwide. However, data concerning antibiotic susceptibility patterns in China have not been published. In this study, a total of 79 clinical isolates and 244 nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae were recovered between June and November 1997 in Beijing. The agreement between the MICs (±1 log2 dilution) of penicillin and ceftriaxone obtained by the agar dilution and E-test methods for the 79 clinical strains was very good (97.5 and 93.7%, respectively). Of these 79 strains, 9 (11.4%) were intermediate and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to penicillin. Of the 244 nasopharyngeal strains, 32 (13.1%) were intermediate and 3 (1.2%) were resistant to penicillin. The total of 277 penicillin-susceptible clinical and nasopharyngeal isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. In the 35 penicillin-intermediate and -resistant nasopharyngeal strains, elevated MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime were seen for ≤4 isolates. Of 244 nasopharyngeal isolates, the overall percentages of tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance were 87.6, 74.0, 47.8, 3.7 and 63.3, respectively. Vancomycin and rifampin resistance were not detected. These findings demonstrate that the rate of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is relatively low in China compared to those of other Asian countries. Resistance to non-beta-lactams was much higher than to beta-lactams. The E-test and agar dilution methods appeared to be comparable in identifying resistant strains.

scholarly journals Serotypes, Clones, and Mechanisms of Resistance of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3240-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calatayud ◽  
C. Ardanuy ◽  
E. Cercenado ◽  
A. Fenoll ◽  
E. Bouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the distributions of antibiotic susceptibility patterns, serotypes, phenotypes, genotypes, and macrolide resistance genes among 125 nonduplicated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates collected in a Spanish point prevalence study. The prevalence of resistance to macrolides in this study was 34.7%. Multiresistance (to three or more antimicrobials) was observed in 81.6% of these strains. Among 15 antimicrobials studied, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were the most active drugs. The most frequent serotypes of erythromycin-resistant isolates were 19F (25%), 19A (17%), 6B (12%), 14 (10%), and 23F (10%). Of the 125 strains, 109 (87.2%) showed the MLSB phenotype [103 had the erm(B) gene and 6 had both erm(B) and mef(E) genes]. Sixteen (12.8%) strains showed the M phenotype [14 with mef(E) and 2 with mef(A)]. All isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of the int, xis, tnpR, and tnpA genes associated with conjugative transposons (Tn916 family and Tn917). Positive detection of erm(B), tet(M), int, and xis genes related to the Tn916 family was found in 77.1% of MLSB phenotype strains. In 16 strains, only the tndX, erm(B), and tet(M) genes were detected, suggesting the presence of Tn1116, a transposon recently described for Streptococcus pyogenes. Five clones, namely, Sweden15A-25, clone19F ST87, Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, and clone19A ST276, accounted for half of the MLSB strains. In conclusion, the majority of erythromycin-resistant pneumococci isolated in Spain had the MLSB phenotype, belonged to multiresistant international clones, and carried the erm(B), tet(M), xis, and int genes, suggesting the spread of transposons of the Tn916 family.

scholarly journals The In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Malaysian Isolates ofBurkholderia pseudomallei

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazah Ahmad ◽  
Rohaidah Hashim ◽  
Azura Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Acute melioidosis may present as localised or septicaemic infections and can be fatal if left untreated.Burkholderia pseudomalleiresistant to antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis had been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiisolated in Malaysia to a panel of antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis and also to potential alternative antibiotics such as tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam. A total of 170Burkholderia pseudomalleiisolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration determination usingE-test method to eleven antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. For ceftazidime, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and doxycycline resistance was observed in 1 isolate (0.6%) for each of the antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance was observed in 17 (10%) isolates. For other antibiotics, ampicillin/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, tigecycline, and ciprofloxacin resistance were observed in 1 (0.6%), 6 (3.5%), 60 (35.3%) and 98 (57.7%) isolates respectively. One isolate B170/06 exhibited resistance to 4 antibiotics, namely, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline. In conclusion, the Malaysian isolates were highly susceptible to the current antibiotics used in the treatment of melioidosis in Malaysia. Multiple resistances to the antibiotics used in the maintenance therapy are the cause for a concern.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli to 12 beta-lactam agents and combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tajada ◽  
J L Gomez-Graces ◽  
J I Alós ◽  
D Balas ◽  
R Cogollos
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The in vitro activities of 12 beta-lactam agents against 100 thermophilic Campylobacter strains were tested. Beta-Lactamase production was detected in 88% of all strains tested. Clavulanic acid was the best inhibitor by susceptibility testing. The beta-lactams which displayed high levels of in vitro activity against Campylobacter isolates were imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefepime and, to a lesser degree, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains from Different Decades

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Eva M. Kulik ◽  
Thomas Thurnheer ◽  
Lamprini Karygianni ◽  
Clemens Walter ◽  
Anton Sculean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 57 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and 56 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains isolated from subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis patients in Switzerland from 1980 to 2017. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the most commonly used antibiotics in periodontal therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, azithromycin, and doxycycline) or in severe body infections (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, ertapenem, and moxifloxacin) were determined. Furthermore, all the strains were screened for beta-lactamase activity and the presence of selected resistance genes (cfxA, ermF, and tetQ). Overall, there was no significant increase in MIC values over the 37‑year period. Two of the most recent P. gingivalis isolates yielded the highest MIC values. The first isolate was ermF-positive with MIC values >8 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 0.25 µg/mL for clindamycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The second isolate showed a high MIC value of 4 µg/mL for moxifloxacin, which was associated with a confirmed single-point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene. Although there was no significant increase in the antibiotic resistance among the oral bacterial isolates tested, the detection of resistant P. gingivalis isolates underlines the need to optimize the antibiotic therapeutic protocols in dentistry.

scholarly journals Routinely available antimicrobial susceptibility information can be used to increase the efficiency of screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1239
Author(s):  
David S. Y. Ong ◽  
Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil ◽  
Anne L. M. Vlek ◽  
Leo M. Schouls ◽  
Annelot F. Schoffelen
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction. Increased carbapenem resistance is often caused by carbapenemase production. Aim. The objective of our study was to assess which antibiotic susceptibility patterns, as tested by automated systems, are highly associated with the absence of carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and could therefore be used as a screening tool. Methodology. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing data from 42 medical microbiology laboratories in the Netherlands in the period between January 2011 and June 2017 were obtained from the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme. Data on Enterobacteriaceae isolates that had an elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for carbapenems (meropenem >0.25 mg l−1 or imipenem >1.0 mg l−1) were selected and subjected to phenotypic or genotypic carbapenemase production testing. Routinely available amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone/cefotaxime susceptibilities were studied in relation to carbapenemase production by calculating the negative predictive value. Results. No evidence for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) was found in 767 of 1007 (76 %) isolates. The negative predictive value was highest for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (99.6 %) and piperacillin/tazobactam (98.8 %). Conclusion. Enterobacteriaceae isolates with elevated carbapenem MICs that are susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or piperacillin/tazobactam are unlikely to be carbapenemase producers. Preselection based on this susceptibility pattern may lead to increased laboratory efficiency and reduction of costs. Whether this is also true for countries with a different distribution of CPE species and types or a higher prevalence of CPE needs to be studied.

Serotype incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Scotland, 1999–2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Denham ◽  
S C Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pneumococcal disease remains an important cause of invasive and non-invasive disease in Scotland and elsewhere. The Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory receives isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from diagnostic laboratories around Scotland. Here, the serogroups/types and antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of invasive isolates received between 1999 and 2002 are described. There were a total of 1741 invasive isolates received, the most common serogroups/types being 14 (19.8 %), 9 (10.2 %), 6 (8.3 %), 19 (7.9 %), 23 (7.9 %), 4 (6.5 %), 8 (6.4 %), 3 (5.7 %), 1 (3.8 %), 7 (3.8 %) and 18 (3.4 %). Importantly, serotypes 7 and 8 are not represented in the 7-, 9- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccines. There were 67 (3.8 %) isolates considered penicillin non-susceptible, although no penicillin resistance (MIC ⩾ 0.002 mg ml−1) was recorded. One hundred and ninety-four (11.1 %) isolates, predominantly of serotype 14, were resistant to erythromycin, and 12 (0.7 %) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. This information provides an important dataset that will prove essential prior to and during the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the UK.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

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