Serotype incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Scotland, 1999–2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Denham ◽  
S C Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pneumococcal disease remains an important cause of invasive and non-invasive disease in Scotland and elsewhere. The Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory receives isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from diagnostic laboratories around Scotland. Here, the serogroups/types and antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of invasive isolates received between 1999 and 2002 are described. There were a total of 1741 invasive isolates received, the most common serogroups/types being 14 (19.8 %), 9 (10.2 %), 6 (8.3 %), 19 (7.9 %), 23 (7.9 %), 4 (6.5 %), 8 (6.4 %), 3 (5.7 %), 1 (3.8 %), 7 (3.8 %) and 18 (3.4 %). Importantly, serotypes 7 and 8 are not represented in the 7-, 9- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccines. There were 67 (3.8 %) isolates considered penicillin non-susceptible, although no penicillin resistance (MIC ⩾ 0.002 mg ml−1) was recorded. One hundred and ninety-four (11.1 %) isolates, predominantly of serotype 14, were resistant to erythromycin, and 12 (0.7 %) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. This information provides an important dataset that will prove essential prior to and during the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the UK.

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory and blood cultures in Canadian hospitals from 2007–16

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv39-iv47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa R Golden ◽  
Melanie R Baxter ◽  
Ross J Davidson ◽  
Irene Martin ◽  
Walter Demczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Objectives To compare the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected from respiratory and blood culture samples in Canada between 2007 and 2016. Methods S. pneumoniae strains were obtained from Canadian hospitals as part of the ongoing national surveillance study, CANWARD. Isolates were serotyped using the Quellung method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI broth microdilution method. MDR and XDR were defined as resistance to three or more and five or more classes of antimicrobials, respectively. Results Of the 2581 S. pneumoniae isolates collected, 1685 (65.3%) and 896 (34.7%) were obtained from respiratory and blood samples, respectively. Respiratory isolates demonstrated lower rates of antimicrobial susceptibility than blood isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P ≤ 0.03). From 2007 to 2016, invasive isolates demonstrated trends towards increasing penicillin susceptibility and decreasing clarithromycin susceptibility. MDR was significantly higher in respiratory S. pneumoniae compared with blood (9.1% versus 4.5%, P < 0.0001). Serotypes 11A, 16F, 19F, 23A/B/F, 34, 35B and non-typeable strains were more commonly isolated from respiratory specimens, while 4, 5, 7F, 8, 12F, 14 and 19A were more commonly invasive serotypes. Numerous serotypes, including 3 and 22F, were isolated frequently from both specimen sources. Conclusions S. pneumoniae from respiratory samples demonstrated lower antimicrobial susceptibilities and higher MDR in a greater diversity of serotypes than isolates obtained from blood. Many serotypes were associated with one specific specimen source, while others were associated with both; genetic characterization is necessary to elucidate the specific factors influencing the ability of these serotypes to commonly cause both invasive and non-invasive disease.

scholarly journals Serotypes, Clones, and Mechanisms of Resistance of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3240-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calatayud ◽  
C. Ardanuy ◽  
E. Cercenado ◽  
A. Fenoll ◽  
E. Bouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the distributions of antibiotic susceptibility patterns, serotypes, phenotypes, genotypes, and macrolide resistance genes among 125 nonduplicated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates collected in a Spanish point prevalence study. The prevalence of resistance to macrolides in this study was 34.7%. Multiresistance (to three or more antimicrobials) was observed in 81.6% of these strains. Among 15 antimicrobials studied, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were the most active drugs. The most frequent serotypes of erythromycin-resistant isolates were 19F (25%), 19A (17%), 6B (12%), 14 (10%), and 23F (10%). Of the 125 strains, 109 (87.2%) showed the MLSB phenotype [103 had the erm(B) gene and 6 had both erm(B) and mef(E) genes]. Sixteen (12.8%) strains showed the M phenotype [14 with mef(E) and 2 with mef(A)]. All isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of the int, xis, tnpR, and tnpA genes associated with conjugative transposons (Tn916 family and Tn917). Positive detection of erm(B), tet(M), int, and xis genes related to the Tn916 family was found in 77.1% of MLSB phenotype strains. In 16 strains, only the tndX, erm(B), and tet(M) genes were detected, suggesting the presence of Tn1116, a transposon recently described for Streptococcus pyogenes. Five clones, namely, Sweden15A-25, clone19F ST87, Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, and clone19A ST276, accounted for half of the MLSB strains. In conclusion, the majority of erythromycin-resistant pneumococci isolated in Spain had the MLSB phenotype, belonged to multiresistant international clones, and carried the erm(B), tet(M), xis, and int genes, suggesting the spread of transposons of the Tn916 family.

scholarly journals Non-invasive pneumococcal disease and antimicrobial resistance: vaccine implications

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. KYAW ◽  
S. CLARKE ◽  
I. G. JONES ◽  
H. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Non Invasive

We reviewed laboratory data on non-invasive pneumococcal isolates reported from all diagnostic laboratories in Scotland during the period 1988–99. Of 4491 isolates from hospitalized patients, 654 (64·7%) were from sputum, 79 (7·8%) from the nasopharynx and 278 (27·5%) from other superficial sites. The serogroups included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine caused 96–9% of all non-invasive disease in all age groups. The 7-, 9-, and 11-valent conjugated vaccine serogroups were responsible for 87–94%, 85–93%, 74–81% and 75–84% of non-invasive disease respectively in age groups <2 years, [les ]5 years, [ges ]65 years and all ages. The coverage of non-susceptible penicillin and erythromycin non-invasive isolates was >99% and >95% with the 23-valent polysaccharide and 7–11-valent conjugate vaccines respectively. The eight most common serogroups were 23, 9, 6, 19, 14, 3, 15 and 11 (in descending order). The serogroups associated with antimicrobial resistance in non-invasive disease were similar to those found in invasive disease. The finding of a similar serogroup distribution in both invasive and non-invasive disease (regardless of the site of clinical isolate), is consistent with serogroups colonizing non-sterile sites and having the potential to invade. The availability of conjugated vaccines reinforces the importance of systematic surveillance to determine accurately and regularly the coverage of pneumococcal serogroups and types causing both invasive and non-invasive disease.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates identified in Scotland between 1999 and 2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1212-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cooke ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Mathew Diggle ◽  
Karen Lamb ◽  
Christopher Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Data from 4727 invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae submitted to the Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory between 1999 and 2007 were analysed to establish susceptibility profiles to penicillin, erythromycin and cefotaxime. Pneumococcal resistance to penicillin over the study period remained low, with only 0.2 % (n=7/4727) of isolates falling into this category (MIC ≥2 mg l−1). These isolates have been sporadic, and have mainly represented serogroup 14 (ST9) and 9 (ST156). In comparison, the ‘intermediate sensitivity’ group (MIC 0.12–1 mg l−1) ranged between 2 and 6 % per year, the majority from serogroup 9 (ST156). Over the study period, we found that 12 % (n=585/4727) of isolates were erythromycin-resistant (MIC >0.5 mg l−1), with the majority (n=467; 80 %) of these isolates identified as serogroup 14 (ST9). Cephalosporin resistance (cefotaxime MIC >1 mg l−1) was found in only 0.06 % (n=2/3135) of isolates. Internationally recognized clones (Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network) accounted for 35 % (n=28/81) of the penicillin non-susceptible isolates and 75 % (n=248/330) of the macrolide-resistant isolates, with ST9 and ST306 predominating. Between 1999 and 2007 we found that 11.6 % (n=18/155) of the penicillin non-susceptible isolates and 4.8 % (n=28/585) of the macrolide-resistant isolates were from serogroups not covered by the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in use in the UK since 2006. Susceptibility to first-line antimicrobial agents for invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland remained high over the period 1999–2007.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofStreptococcus pneumoniae in China and Comparison of MICs by Agar Dilution and E-Test Methods

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Robin Huebner ◽  
Minjun Chen ◽  
Keith Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT Beta-lactam resistance by Streptococcus pneumoniae is becoming a significant threat to public health worldwide. However, data concerning antibiotic susceptibility patterns in China have not been published. In this study, a total of 79 clinical isolates and 244 nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae were recovered between June and November 1997 in Beijing. The agreement between the MICs (±1 log2 dilution) of penicillin and ceftriaxone obtained by the agar dilution and E-test methods for the 79 clinical strains was very good (97.5 and 93.7%, respectively). Of these 79 strains, 9 (11.4%) were intermediate and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to penicillin. Of the 244 nasopharyngeal strains, 32 (13.1%) were intermediate and 3 (1.2%) were resistant to penicillin. The total of 277 penicillin-susceptible clinical and nasopharyngeal isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. In the 35 penicillin-intermediate and -resistant nasopharyngeal strains, elevated MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime were seen for ≤4 isolates. Of 244 nasopharyngeal isolates, the overall percentages of tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance were 87.6, 74.0, 47.8, 3.7 and 63.3, respectively. Vancomycin and rifampin resistance were not detected. These findings demonstrate that the rate of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is relatively low in China compared to those of other Asian countries. Resistance to non-beta-lactams was much higher than to beta-lactams. The E-test and agar dilution methods appeared to be comparable in identifying resistant strains.

Pneumococcal disease and vaccination: recent changes to the schedule

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Helen Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Immunisation Schedule ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The Uk

Vaccination against pneumococcal disease has led to a significant drop in cases in the UK. Helen Sisson provides an overview of recent changes to the vaccination schedule Vaccination to protect against infectious diseases is a fundamental part of the practice nurse's role. The immunisation schedule in the UK frequently changes and this emphasises the need for nurses to remain familiar with what the changes are, and why they have occurred. The most recent change to the pneumococcal vaccination schedule at the start of this year provides an opportunity to reflect on the significance of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause non-invasive or invasive disease. The introduction of routine vaccination against pneumococcal disease for children has led to a significant drop in invasive disease in the population as a whole.

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