scholarly journals Emergence of Resistance in Normal Human Aerobic Commensal Flora during Telithromycin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Treatments

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Claude Crémieux ◽  
Claudette Muller-Serieys ◽  
Xavière Panhard ◽  
Frédérique Delatour ◽  
Marina Tchimichkian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Acid Treatments

ABSTRACT Mean fecal global yeast counts increased similarly during 7 days of treatment with telithromycin (800 mg once daily) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) (1 g of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid 3 times daily) in human volunteers and decreased slowly thereafter. On skin, coagulase-negative staphylococci of decreased susceptibility (DS) to telithromycin increased in the telithromycin group, whereas those with DS to methicillin increased in the amoxiclav group. A similar antibiotic-related shift towards homologous DS was observed for oral nongroupable streptococci (NGS), but in addition, the prevalence of NGS resistant to both classes of antibiotics was significantly greater in the amoxiclav group at days 8 (P < 0.01) and 45 (P < 0.015).

scholarly journals Finding of coagulase negative staphylococci in the herd with an increased number of somatic cells in milk and their antimicrobial susceptibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Vera Katic ◽  
Natasa Rajic-Savic
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are generally considered to be opportunistic pathogens. Controlling CNS mastitis is difficult because the epidemiology is not clear, and the CNS group consists of about 40 different Staphylococcus species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coagulasenegative staphylococci in milk of the cows with subclinical mastitis, as well as to determine different CNS species isolated from quarter milk samples for their susceptibility to antimicrobials used commonly for mastitis therapy. On the farm where there was found an increase of somatic cells in bulk milk, 112 dairy cows were examined by mastitis test. From 52 udder quarters where mastitis test showed an increase of somatic cells, milk samples were taken for bacteriological examination. For isolating the causes of mastitis there was used blood agar. Identification of the causative agents of mastitis was carried out on the basis of colony appearance on blood agar and their physiological characteristics. Coagulasepositive staphylococci sensitivity which cause mastitis was tested by Kirby Bauer method. For susceptibility testing there were used commercially produced discs containing: 10 IU penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 +10 ?g), cloxacillin 25 ?g, 30 ?g amoxicillin, cephalexin 30 ?g, ceftiofur 30 ?g, 15 ?g lincomycin, gentamicin and tetracycline 30 ?g. The sensitivity of microorganisms was evaluated on the basis of inhibition zone diameter recommended by the manufacturer and was labeled as sensitive (S) moderately sensitive (I) or resistant (R). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 61.53% of samples from cows with subclinical mastitis, making them the most common cause of subclinical mastitis. The highest resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to penicillin G (58.33% of isolates). Full sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (100% of isolates), a good sensitivity to ceftiofur (83.33% of isolates), cefalexin (70.83% of isolates) and ceftriaxone (41.66% of isolates).

scholarly journals Effect of Ceftriaxone versus Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Rhino Sinusitis: Short Course Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malath Azeez Al-Saadi ◽  
Safaa Sahib Naji Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is one of upper respiratory tract infection that disturbs patient life and requires special consideration.AIM: To evaluate the efficiency of Ceftriaxone versus a high dose of Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational retrospective study include120 patients of both sex classified into two groups equally conducted. G1 treated with Ceftriaxone 1 g intramuscular injection once daily while, G2 treated with oral Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg) twice daily for 3-4 days then, the outcome of treatment evaluated as a cure or failed at the fifth or fourth day of treatment.RESULTS: Significant cure response observed in Ceftriaxone treated patient's P ≤ 0.05 and significant failure response observed in Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-treated patients when groups compared with each other. About gender and age groups, no significant differences in number between group 1 and 2 P ≥ 0.05.CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone found more effective in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis than Amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid associated with more male failure cases recorded than female.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Incisional Site Staphylococcus spp. to Three Common Perioperative Antimicrobials in Dogs Undergoing Clean Orthopaedic Procedures

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e158-e163
Author(s):  
Po-Yen Chou ◽  
Duane Robinson ◽  
Amy S. Kapatkin ◽  
Steven E. Epstein ◽  
Michelle A. Giuffrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of the incisional site Staphylococcus spp. to three commonly used perioperative antimicrobials in dogs. Materials and Methods A cohort of client-owned dogs was included in this prospective observational study. After induction of general anaesthesia and hair clipping, culture samples were collected from the incisional site of healthy dogs before orthopaedic surgery. The isolated colonies were identified. The susceptibility pattern of staphylococcal isolates was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute standards. The staphylococcal susceptibilities to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime were compared with cefazolin using two-sided equality of proportions test. Results A total of 391 bacterial isolates were identified in 115 dogs. Bacillus spp. (n = 200) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 95) were the most common bacteria isolated. Coagulase- positive and -negative staphylococci were isolated in 44 and 38% of dogs respectively. Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime staphylococcal susceptibilities were 68, 77 and 76% respectively. There were no significant differences in Staphylococcus spp. susceptibility between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime and cefazolin (p = 0.19, p = 0.25). Thirty-six per cent of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 6% of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated were methicillin resistant. Conclusion Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime had similar susceptibilities for staphylococcal isolates. Routine use of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime in replace of cefazolin should be practiced with caution.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics in Cleft Palate Post Operative Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1484-1486
Author(s):  
Mufassar Nishat ◽  
Muhammad Ansar Aslam ◽  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Najaf Abbas ◽  
Usman Ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Oral Amoxicillin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Group B ◽  
Oral Metronidazole

Background: Cleft palate surgeries are one of the most common surgeries done by Plastic surgeons. Aim: To determine the role of postoperative antibiotics in terms of incidence of complications in cleft palate surgery. Study Design: Prospective randomized control trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Bashir Hospital, Sialkot from May 2016 to January 2019 Methodology:. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received a single dose of injection Ceftriaxone (50mg/kg) about 30 minutes before incision. Group A (n=25) received a 5-day regimen of oral Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (15mg/kg/dose in three divided doses per day) post operatively. Group B (n=25) received 5-day regimen of oral Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (15mg/kg/dose in three divided doses per day) plus oral Metronidazole (7.5mg/kg/dose in three divided doses) for 5 days postoperatively. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 2 weeks, 1month and 2 months for complication such as infection and wound dehiscence. Result. .Candidates belonging to Group A, (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid group) were reported to have Infection 6 (24%) (P 0.005) and delay oral intake. Candidates who were administered oral Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (15mg/kg/dose in three divided doses per day) plus oral Metronidazole (7.5mg/kg/dose in three divided doses) 2 patients (8%) had infection in group B which was settled with improvement in oral hygiene. Conclusion: whose candidates who were admitted or stayed for longer duration of time in hospital had insufficient and poor dietary intake. One of the candidates was again admitted due to being dehydrated along with rotavirus whereas group A 24% patients got infected on the other end group B only 8% patients got infected.In net shell, this study revealed that use of postoperative antibiotics (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and metronidazole) can reduce the incidence of infection and results in better surgical outcome of cleft palate surgery Keywords: cleft palate repair, Amoxicillin, Clavulanic acid, Metronidazole, Prophylactic Antibiotics

scholarly journals Efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus ceftriaxone in children hospitalized under 5 years of age with uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2344
Author(s):  
Huriya Abid ◽  
Wajiha Rizwan ◽  
Irfan Naeem ◽  
Aysha Mansoor Lodhi ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Rana
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acid Versus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Group B ◽  
Children Under 5

Objectives: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered to be the commonest reason for hospitalization among children. Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality among children in Pakistan in children, causing 33% of all deaths in infants and 37% of all deaths in children 1 to 4 years. The aim of current study was to compare efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus ceftriaxone among children under 5 years of age, hospitalized having uncomplicated CAP. Study Design: Randomized Controlled trial (RCT). Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Period: 01/01/2019 to 30/06/2019. Material & Methods: A total of 210 (105 in each group) children aged between 2 to 60 months, diagnosed having CAP were randomly allocated into either Group-A (received IV amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) or Group B (received IV ceftriaxone). Efficacy in terms of response of both treatment groups was noted after 5 days treatment. Results: Overall, mean age was noted as 14.68±15.7 months. Majority (n=131, 32.4%) were male and aged between 1 to 12 months (n=135, 64.3%). Mean duration of symptoms was noted as 3.60±1.69 days. Efficacy was significantly higher in children treated with ceftriaxone as compared to those treated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (96.2% vs. 76.2%; p<0.001). This difference was significant across all age, gender and duration of symptom groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy was significantly higher in children treated with ceftriaxone as compared to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of the tricyclic beta-lactam GV104326.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wise ◽  
J M Andrews ◽  
N Brenwald
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

GV104326 is a novel tricyclic beta-lactam (a trinem or, formerly, tribactam). The in vitro activity of GV104326 was compared with those of cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefpirome, and ciprofloxacin. GV104326 had in vitro activity generally similar to that of cefixime against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [MIC90], < or = 2 micrograms/ml), with cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being 8- to 32-fold less active and with cefpirome being 4- to 8-fold more active against members of this family. The trinem had no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MIC90, > 128 micrograms/ml) but was the most active agent against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. GV104326 was particularly active against gram-positive cocci. Ninety percent of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains were susceptible to 0.03 microgram of GV104326 per ml, making it the most active agent studied. Enterococci and Lancefield group A and B streptococci were generally equally or somewhat more susceptible to GV104326 than they were to amoxicillin. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were highly susceptible to GV104326, and those strains which showed decreased susceptibility to penicillin were generally twofold more susceptible to the trinem than to amoxicillin. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were highly susceptible to GV104326 (MIC90s, 0.12 and 0.03 microgram/ml, respectively). The anaerobes Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptostreptococcus spp. were more susceptible to the trinems (formerly tribactams) than to the other agents studied.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Tolerability of Telithromycin for 5 or 10 Days vs Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for 10 days in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maynard Luterman ◽  
Guy Tellier ◽  
Benjamin Lasko ◽  
Bruno Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Post Therapy

Telithromycin (HMR 3647) is a new ketolide antimicrobial that was developed for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of oral telithromycin, at 800 mg once daily for 5 or 10 days, with that of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, at 500/125 mg three times daily for 10 days, in adults with acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS). A total of 754 patients with AMS of less than 28 days’ duration were randomized to receive either telithromycin for 5 days followed by placebo for 5 days, telithromycin for 10 days, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 10 days. Clinical outcome was assessed at a test-of-cure (TOC) visit between days 17 and 24 and at a late post-therapy visit between days 31 and 45. Analysis of clinical outcome on a per-protocol basis (n = 434) demonstrated therapeutic equivalence among the three regimens at the TOC visit; in each treatment group, the clinical cure rate was approximately 75%. Only a few patients (3 to 5 in each group) had relapsed by the late post-therapy follow-up visit. Telithromycin was generally safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate gastrointestinal effects, which occurred with similar frequency in all three groups. We conclude that 5 or 10 days of telithromycin at 800 mg once daily is as effective clinically and as well tolerated as 10 days of treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Telithromycin, therefore, appears to be a valuable option for the treatment of AMS.

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