scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Genetics of Macrolide Resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected in Finland in 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4180-4184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rantala ◽  
S. Huikko ◽  
P. Huovinen ◽  
J. Jalava
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The prevalence and mechanisms of macrolide resistance among 1,007 clinical pneumococcal isolates collected in Finland were investigated. Of these, 217 (21.5%) were resistant to erythromycin and 11% to clindamycin. Among the erythromycin-resistant isolates, mef(E) was present in 95 isolates (44%), mef(A) was present in 12 isolates (6%), and erm(B) was present in 90 isolates (41%). A double mechanism, mef(E) and erm(B), was detected in five isolates (2%). Ribosomal mutation was detected in 14 (6%) macrolide-resistant isolates in which no other determinant was found. Based on the telithromycin MICs, two groups of isolates were formed: 83.3% of the isolates belonged to a major group for which the telithromycin MIC range was ≤0.008 to 0.063 μg/ml, and 16.7% belonged to a minor group for which the telithromycin MIC range was 0.125 to 8 μg/ml. All except three isolates in the minor population carried a macrolide resistance gene.

scholarly journals Disruption of an Enterococcus faecium Species-Specific Gene, a Homologue of Acquired Macrolide Resistance Genes of Staphylococci, Is Associated with an Increase in Macrolide Susceptibility

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Kumthorn Malathum ◽  
Barbara E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT The complete sequence (1,479 nucleotides) of msrC, part of which was recently reported by others using a different strain, was determined. This gene was found in 233 of 233 isolates ofEnterococcus faecium but in none of 265 other enterococci. Disruption of msrC was associated with a two- to eightfold decrease in MICs of erythromycin azithromycin, tylosin, and quinupristin, suggesting that it may explain in part the apparent greater intrinsic resistance to macrolides of isolates of E. faecium relative to many streptococci. This endogenous, species-specific gene of E. faecium is 53% identical tomsr(A), suggesting that it may be a remote progenitor of the acquired macrolide resistance gene found in some isolates of staphylococci.

scholarly journals Pollution from azithromycin-manufacturing promotes macrolide-resistance gene propagation and induces spatial and seasonal bacterial community shifts in receiving river sediments

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Milaković ◽  
Gisle Vestergaard ◽  
Juan J. González-Plaza ◽  
Ines Petrić ◽  
Ana Šimatović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Receiving River ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene ◽  
Community Shifts

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of macrolide resistance gene abundances in the South Fork Iowa River Watershed

2018 ◽  
Vol 610-611 ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Luby Rieke ◽  
Thomas B. Moorman ◽  
Elizabeth L. Douglass ◽  
Michelle L. Soupir
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
South Fork ◽  
The South ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene

scholarly journals Cigarette smoke exposure induces expression of the pneumococcal erm(B) macrolide resistance gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (November) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kgashane Matapa ◽  
Therese Dix-Peek ◽  
Riana Cockeran ◽  
Ronald Anderson ◽  
Helen Steel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene

Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of Arabidopsis Seeds Visualized by AFM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Williams ◽  
V Cornuault ◽  
AH Irani ◽  
VV Symonds ◽  
J Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Minor

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3 and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3 seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1 seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.

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