scholarly journals Virulence Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O111:NM Isolates from Cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4164-4165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musafiri Karama ◽  
Carlton L. Gyles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) O111:NM is an important serotype that has been incriminated in disease outbreaks in the United States. This study characterized cattle STEC O111:NM for virulence factors and markers by PCR. Major conclusions are that STEC O111:NM characterized in this study lacksstx2and the full spectrum ofnlegene markers, and it has an incomplete OI-122.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Eight Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from a Produce-Growing Region in California

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig T. Parker ◽  
Kerry K. Cooper ◽  
Steven Huynh ◽  
Timothy P. Smith ◽  
James L. Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Growing Region

Produce contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a continuing source of foodborne illness in the United States. This report documents the complete genome sequences of eight STEC strains isolated from livestock and water samples taken from a major agricultural region for leafy greens in California.

scholarly journals Geographically Distinct Escherichia coli O157 Isolates Differ by Lineage, Shiga Toxin Genotype, and Total Shiga Toxin Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Mellor ◽  
Narelle Fegan ◽  
Kari S. Gobius ◽  
Helen V. Smith ◽  
Amy V. Jennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Regional Disease

While the differential association ofEscherichia coliO157 genotypes with animal and human hosts has recently been well documented, little is known about their distribution between countries and how this might affect regional disease rates. Here, we used a 48-plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay to segregate 148E. coliO157 isolates from Australia, Argentina, and the United States into 11 SNP lineages. We also investigated the relationship between SNP lineages, Shiga toxin (Stx) gene profiles, and total Stx production.E. coliO157 isolates clearly segregated into SNP lineages that were differentially associated with each country. Of the 11 SNP lineages, seven were detected among isolates from a single country, two were detected among isolates from all three countries, and another two were detected only among U.S. and Argentinean isolates. A number of Australian (30%) and Argentinean (14%) isolates were associated with novel, previously undescribed SNP lineages that were unique to each country. Isolates within SNP lineages that were strongly associated with the carriage ofstx2aproduced comparatively more Stx on average than did those lacking thestx2asubtype. Furthermore, the proportion of isolates instx2a-associated SNP lineages was significantly higher in Argentina and the United States than Australia (P< 0.05). This study provides evidence for the geographic divergence ofE. coliO157 and for a prominent role ofstx2ain total Stx production. These results also highlight the need for more comprehensive studies of the global distribution ofE. coliO157 lineages and the impacts of regionally predominantE. coliO157 lineages on the prevalence and severity of disease.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Harboring mcr-1 in a Cluster of Liver Transplant Recipients: Detection through Active Surveillance and Whole-Genome Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Macesic ◽  
Sabrina Khan ◽  
Marla J. Giddins ◽  
Daniel E. Freedberg ◽  
Susan Whittier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

ABSTRACT mcr-1, a plasmid-associated gene for colistin resistance, was first described in China in 2015, but its spread in the United States is unknown. We report detection of mcr-1-carrying Escherichia coli ST117 in a cluster of three liver transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Extraintestinal Pathogenic and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli, Including Sequence Type 131 (ST131), from Retail Chicken Breasts in the United States in 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Sarah Clock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Chicken meat products are hypothesized to be vehicles for transmitting antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) to consumers. To reassess this hypothesis in the current era of heightened concerns about antimicrobial use in food animals, we analyzed 175 chicken-source E. coli isolates from a 2013 Consumer Reports national survey. Isolates were screened by PCR for ExPEC-defining virulence genes. The 25 ExPEC isolates (12% of 175) and a 2:1 randomly selected set of 50 non-ExPEC isolates were assessed for their phylogenetic/clonal backgrounds and virulence genotypes for comparison with their resistance profiles and the claims on the retail packaging label (“organic,” “no antibiotics,” and “natural”). Compared with the findings for non-ExPEC isolates, the group of ExPEC isolates had a higher prevalence of phylogroup B2 isolates (44% versus 4%; P < 0.001) and a lower prevalence of phylogroup A isolates (4% versus 30%; P = 0.001), a higher prevalence of multiple individual virulence genes, higher virulence scores (median, 11 [range, 4 to 16] versus 8 [range, 1 to 14]; P = 0.001), and higher resistance scores (median, 4 [range, 0 to 8] versus 3 [range, 0 to 10]; P < 0.001). All five isolates of sequence type 131 (ST131) were ExPEC (P = 0.003), were as extensively resistant as the other isolates tested, and had higher virulence scores than the other isolates tested (median, 12 [range, 11 to 13] versus 8 [range, 1 to 16]; P = 0.005). Organic labeling predicted lower resistance scores (median, 2 [range, 0 to 3] versus 4 [range, 0 to 10]; P = 0.008) but no difference in ExPEC status or virulence scores. These findings document a persisting reservoir of extensively antimicrobial-resistant ExPEC isolates, including isolates from ST131, in retail chicken products in the United States, suggesting a potential public health threat. IMPORTANCE We found that among Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat products purchased across the United States in 2013 (many of these isolates being extensively antibiotic resistant), a minority had genetic profiles suggesting an ability to cause extraintestinal infections in humans, such as urinary tract infection, implying a risk of foodborne disease. Although isolates from products labeled “organic” were less extensively antibiotic resistant than other isolates, they did not appear to be less virulent. These findings suggest that retail chicken products in the United States, even if they are labeled “organic,” pose a potential health threat to consumers because they are contaminated with extensively antibiotic-resistant and, presumably, virulent E. coli isolates.

How Does Escherichia coli O157:H7 Testing in Meat Compare with What We Are Seeing Clinically?

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. K. ACHESON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is but one of a group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that cause both intestinal disease such as bloody and nonbloody diarrhea and serious complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). While E. coli O157: H7 is the most renowned STEC, over 200 different types of STEC have been documented in meat and animals, at least 60 of which have been linked with human disease. A number of studies have suggested that non-O157 STEC are associated with clinical disease, and non-O157 STEC are present in the food supply. Non-O157 STEC, such as O111 have caused large outbreaks and HUS in the United States and other countries. The current policy in the United States is to examine ground beef for O157:H7 only, but restricting the focus to O157 will miss other important human STEC pathogens.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivdeep Singh Hayer ◽  
Seunghyun Lim ◽  
Samuel Hong ◽  
Ehud Elnekave ◽  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Swine Population

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins are critically important antimicrobial classes for both human and veterinary medicine. We previously found a drastic increase in enrofloxacin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates collected from diseased pigs from the United States over 10 years (2006 to 2016). However, the genetic determinants responsible for this increase have yet to be determined. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the genetic basis of resistance against fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftiofur) in swine E. coli isolates using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). blaCMY-2 (carried by IncA/C2, IncI1, and IncI2 plasmids), blaCTX-M (carried by IncF, IncHI2, and IncN plasmids), and blaSHV-12 (carried by IncHI2 plasmids) genes were present in 87 (82.1%), 19 (17.9%), and 3 (2.83%) of the 106 ceftiofur-resistant isolates, respectively. Of the 110 enrofloxacin-resistant isolates, 90 (81.8%) had chromosomal mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parA, and parC genes. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes [qnrB77, qnrB2, qnrS1, qnrS2, and aac-(6)-lb′-cr] borne on ColE, IncQ2, IncN, IncF, and IncHI2 plasmids were present in 24 (21.8%) of the enrofloxacin-resistant isolates. Virulent IncF plasmids present in swine E. coli isolates were highly similar to epidemic plasmids identified globally. High-risk E. coli clones, such as ST744, ST457, ST131, ST69, ST10, ST73, ST410, ST12, ST127, ST167, ST58, ST88, ST617, ST23, etc., were also found in the U.S. swine population. Additionally, the colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was present in several isolates. This study adds valuable information regarding resistance to critical antimicrobials with implications for both animal and human health. IMPORTANCE Understanding the genetic mechanisms conferring resistance is critical to design informed control and preventive measures, particularly when involving critically important antimicrobial classes such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The genetic determinants of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance were highly diverse, with multiple plasmids, insertion sequences, and genes playing key roles in mediating resistance in swine Escherichia coli. Plasmids assembled in this study are known to be disseminated globally in both human and animal populations and environmental samples, and E. coli in pigs might be part of a global reservoir of key antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements. Virulent plasmids found in this study have been shown to confer fitness advantages to pathogenic E. coli strains. The presence of international, high-risk zoonotic clones provides worrisome evidence that resistance in swine isolates may have indirect public health implications, and the swine population as a reservoir for these high-risk clones should be continuously monitored.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization by Using Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmids ContainingblaNDM-7in Enterobacteriaceae from Calgary, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
G. Peirano ◽  
T. Lynch ◽  
K. D. Chavda ◽  
D. B. Gregson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Enterobacter Hormaechei ◽  
Generation Sequencing

EnterobacteriaceaewithblaNDM-7are relatively uncommon and had previously been described in Europe, India, the United States, and Japan. This study describes the characteristics ofEnterobacteriaceae(Klebsiella pneumoniae[n= 2],Escherichia coli[n= 2],Serratia marcescens[n= 1], andEnterobacter hormaechei[n= 1] isolates) withblaNDM-7obtained from 4 patients from Calgary, Canada, from 2013 to 2014. The 46,161-bp IncX3 plasmids withblaNDM-7are highly similar to otherblaNDM-harboring IncX3 plasmids and, interestingly, showed identical structures within the different isolates. This finding may indicate horizontal transmission within our health region, or it may indicate contact with individuals from areas of endemicity within the hospital setting. Patients infected or colonized with bacteria containingblaNDM-7IncX3 plasmids generate infection control challenges. Epidemiological and molecular studies are required to better understand the dynamics of transmission, the risk factors, and the reservoirs for bacteria harboringblaNDM-7. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report ofS. marcescensandE. hormaecheiwithblaNDM-7.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Companion Animals in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5666-5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar W. Shaheen ◽  
Rajesh Nayak ◽  
Steven L. Foley ◽  
Ohgew Kweon ◽  
Joanna Deck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Chromosomal Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTResistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeoccurs worldwide; however, little is known about ESC resistance inEscherichia colistrains from companion animals. Clinical isolates ofE. coliwere collected from veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States from 2008 to 2009.E. coliisolates (n= 54) with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were analyzed. PCR and sequencing were used to detect mutations in ESBL-encoding genes and the regulatory region of the chromosomal geneampC. Conjugation experiments and plasmid identification were conducted to examine the transferability of resistance to ESCs. All isolates carried theblaCTX-M-1-group β-lactamase genes in addition to one or more of the following β-lactamase genes:blaTEM,blaSHV-3,blaCMY-2,blaCTX-M-14-like, andblaOXA-1.DifferentblaTEMsequence variants were detected in some isolates (n= 40). Three isolates harbored ablaTEM-181gene with a novel mutation resulting in an Ala184Val substitution. Approximately 78% of the isolates had mutations in promoter/attenuator regions of the chromosomal geneampC, one of which was a novel insertion of adenine between bases −28 and −29. Plasmids ranging in size from 11 to 233 kbp were detected in the isolates, with a common plasmid size of 93 kbp identified in 60% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs amongE. colistrains from companion animals in the United States, which may compromise the effective therapeutic use of ESCs in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolate with blaNDM-5 from a Dog in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Olgica Ceric ◽  
Renate Reimschuessel ◽  
Stephen Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

The carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-5 was identified in an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a dog. We report here the complete genome sequence of this E. coli strain; the bla NDM-5 gene was present on a large IncFII multidrug-resistant plasmid. This is the first bla NDM-5-carrying E. coli strain from an animal in the United States.

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