Dead-End Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration for Recovery of Diverse Microbes from Water

ABSTRACT Dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) is an alternative approach to tangential-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration that can be readily employed under field conditions to recover microbes from water. The hydraulics of DEUF and microbe recovery for a new DEUF method were investigated using 100-liter tap water samples. Pressure, flow rate, and temperature were investigated using four hollow-fiber ultrafilter types. Based on hydraulic performance, the Asahi Kasei REXEED 25S ultrafilter was selected for microbe recovery experiments. Microbe recovery experiments were performed using MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens spores, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Microbes were recovered from ultrafilters by backflushing using a surfactant solution. Average flow rates were 2.1 liters/min for 100-liter water samples having turbidities of 0.28 to 4.3 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and no evidence of appreciable filter clogging was observed. The DEUF average recovery efficiencies for each study analyte in tap water were as follows: for E. faecalis, 93% ± 16%; for MS2, 57% ± 7.7%; for C. perfringens spores, 94% ± 22%; and for C. parvum, 87% ± 18%. Average microbe recoveries for tap water amended with surface water (average turbidity = 4.3 NTU) were as follows: for E. faecalis, 78% ± 12%; for MS2, 73% ± 13%; for C. perfringens, 57% ± 21%; and for C. parvum, 83% ± 21%. These data demonstrate that DEUF is an effective method for recovering diverse microbes from water and should be a useful tool for field-based environmental investigations.

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Comparison of Hollow-Fiber Ultrafilters with Pleated Capsule Filters for Surface and Tap Water Samples Using U.S. EPA Method 1623

Journal of Environmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000545 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 138 (8) ◽

pp. 899-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gina H. Kimble ◽

James E. Amburgey ◽

Vincent R. Hill

Keyword(s):

Hollow Fiber ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Method 1623

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Development of a Rapid Method for Simultaneous Recovery of Diverse Microbes in Drinking Water by Ultrafiltration with Sodium Polyphosphate and Surfactants

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.11.6878-6884.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 6878-6884 ◽

Cited By ~ 163

Author(s):

Vincent R. Hill ◽

Amy L. Polaczyk ◽

Donghyun Hahn ◽

Jothikumar Narayanan ◽

Theresa L. Cromeans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Sodium Polyphosphate ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT The ability to simultaneously concentrate diverse microbes is an important consideration for sample collection methods that are used for emergency response and environmental monitoring when drinking water may be contaminated with an array of unknown microbes. This study focused on developing a concentration method using ultrafilters and different combinations of a chemical dispersant (sodium polyphosphate [NaPP]) and surfactants. Tap water samples were seeded with bacteriophage MS2, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, 4.5-μm microspheres, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus globigii endospores, and echovirus 1. Ten-liter tap water samples were concentrated to ∼250 ml in 12 to 42 min, depending on the experimental condition. Initial experiments indicated that pretreating filters with fetal bovine serum or NaPP resulted in an increase in microbe recovery. The addition of NaPP to the tap water samples resulted in significantly higher microbe and microsphere recovery efficiencies. Backflushing of the ultrafilter was found to significantly improve recovery efficiencies. The effectiveness of backflushing was improved further with the addition of Tween 80 to the backflush solution. The ultrafiltration method developed in this study, incorporating the use of NaPP pretreatment and surfactant solution backflushing, was found to recover MS2, C. parvum, microspheres, and several bacterial species with mean recovery efficiencies of 70 to 93%. The mean recovery efficiency for echovirus 1 (49%) was the lowest of the microbes studied for this method. This research demonstrates that ultrafiltration can be effective for recovering diverse microbes simultaneously in tap water and that chemical dispersants and surfactants can be beneficial for improving microbial recovery using this technique.

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Purification of lake water using a PES hollow fiber membrane

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2019.184 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 529-537

Author(s):

K. M. W. Carolyn ◽

M. U. M. Junaidi ◽

N. A. Hashim ◽

M. A. Hussain ◽

F. Mohamed Zuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Purification ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Water Samples ◽

Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Raw Water ◽

Fiber Membrane ◽

Dead End

Abstract Water scarcity combined with increasing populations will create a massive problem of obtaining clean water sources in the future. In this research, a newly developed polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membrane from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is used in water purification experiments using raw water samples obtained from Varsity Lake of the University of Malaya (UM) and a lake in Taman Jaya. The raw water samples undergo water quality characteristics tests to determine their class of water quality based on national water quality standards. Both raw water samples have been characterized and belong to class II of water quality. Subsequently, both raw water samples are used in water purification experiments with two types of filtration configuration, cross-flow and dead-end. Results show that water purification using the PES hollow fiber membrane can obtain water quality of class I for both samples. However, the presence of Escherichia coli can still be detected in both purified water samples. From the results obtained, the fabricated PES membrane is able to filter raw water samples of WQI Class II to WQI Class I quality and adhere to drinking water standards, and the dead-end filtration configuration provides the best filtration performance.

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Rotavirus Detection – A Problem That Needs Concentration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0062 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 221-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pádraig Strappe

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Marked Improvement ◽

Tap Water ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Second Step ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Subsequent Elution ◽

Initial Adsorption ◽

Concentration Methods

The recovery of simian rotavirus SAl1 from dechlorinated 10l tap water samples shows a marked improvement when ultrafiltration or hydroextraction are used as second-step concentration methods. After initial adsorption of virus on to a nitrocellulose filter and subsequent elution with 3% beef broth, organic flocculation gave an average recovery of 4%. Ultrafiltration gave an average recovery of 48% while hydroextraction in crystalline sucrose gave a recovery rate of 60%. Rotavirus recovery rates were quantified by the immunofluorescence assay.

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Acanthamoeba Species in Tap Water, Egypt

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i1.8259 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Z Al-Herrawy ◽

Mohamed A Marouf ◽

Mahmoud A. Gad

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Pulmonary Infections ◽

Clinical Syndromes ◽

Acanthamoeba Species ◽

Amebic Encephalitis ◽

Acanthamoeba Culbertsoni ◽

Autumn And Winter

Genus Acanthamoeba causes 3 clinical syndromes amebic keratitis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis and disseminated granulomatous amebic disease (eg, sinus, skin and pulmonary infections). A total of 144 tap water samples were collected from Giza governorate, Egypt. Samples were processed for detection of Acanthamoeba species using non-nutrient agar (NNA) and were incubated at 30oC. The isolates of Acanthamoeba were identified to species level based on the morphologic criteria. Molecular characterization of the Acanthamoeba isolates to genus level was performed by using PCR. The obtained results showed that the highest occurrence percentage of Acanthamoeba species in water samples was observed in summer season (38.9%), then it decreased to be 30.6% in spring and 25% in each of autumn and winter. PCR analysis showed that 100% of 43 Acanthamoeba morphologically positive samples were positive by genus specific primer. In the present study eight species of Acanthamoeba can be morphologically recognized namely Acanthamoeba triangularis, Acanthamoeba echinulata, Acanthamoeba astronyxis, Acanthamoeba comandoni, Acanthamoeba griffini, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, Acanthamoeba quina and Acanthamoeba lenticulata. In conclusion, the most common Acanthamoeba species in tap water was Acanthamoeba comandoni

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ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal ◽

10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-159-167 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 159-167

Author(s):

V.V. Lapenko ◽

L.N. Bikbulatova ◽

E.M. Ternikova

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Northern Region ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

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Enterovirus Concentration Using Automated Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1982.0104 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (4-5) ◽

pp. 257-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G Belfort ◽

A Paluszek ◽

L S Sturman

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Enhanced Recovery ◽

Tap Water ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Creeping Flow ◽

Hollow Fibers ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Concentration Technique ◽

Solution Interface

The Automated Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration (AHFU) method is proposed here as a simple, efficient and rapid virus concentration technique from tap and drinking water sources. The results reported here extend the testing of the AHFU method to include two Picornaviruses [Poliovirus 2 (vaccine) and Echovirus 1] and Reovirus 3. Their respective mean virus recoveries from between 3 and 100 l of tap water is 88 ± 26, 79 ± 60, and 104 ± 48%. Various approaches including membrane surface modification, changes in backwash hydrodynamics, modification of the feed and backwash composition, and the use of S35-methionine labelled Poliovirus 2, are used to study the recovery of sorbed Poliovirus 2 from the hollow fiber/solution interface. An increase in the backwash pH to between 9.5 and 10.5 significantly improved Poliovirus 2 recovery. This, together with the labelled experiments, indicates that the virus-membrane interactions are probably electrostatic in nature. Convective polarization during filtration probably brings the virus close enough to the surface for these interactions to occur since virus losses were not detected for a non-permeation recycle experiment. Because very low Reynold's numbers are used, the flow is in the creeping-flow-regime for both filtration and backwashing (axial and radial). Unless significantly higher Reynolds could be used, enhanced recovery due to purely hydrodynamic forces is unlikely. High Reynold's numbers, of course, are limited by the pressure constraints of the hollow fibers.

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