scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Strains from Martinique (French West Indies) Exhibiting a New Pathogenic Potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6790-6801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wicker ◽  
Laurence Grassart ◽  
R�gine Coranson-Beaudu ◽  
Dani�le Mian ◽  
Caroline Guilbaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT We investigated a destructive pathogenic variant of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that was consistently isolated in Martinique (French West Indies). Since the 1960s, bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in Martinique has been caused primarily by strains of R. solanacearum that belong to either phylotype I or phylotype II. Since 1999, anthurium shade houses have been dramatically affected by uncharacterized phylotype II strains that also affected a wide range of species, such as Heliconia caribea, cucurbitaceous crops, and weeds. From 1989 to 2003, a total of 224 R. solanacearum isolates were collected and compared to 6 strains isolated in Martinique in the 1980s. The genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of selected strains from Martinique were assessed (multiplex PCRs, mutS and egl DNA sequence analysis) and compared to the genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of 32 reference strains covering the known diversity within the R. solanacearum species complex. Twenty-four representative isolates were tested for pathogenicity to Musa species (banana) and tomato, eggplant, and sweet pepper. Based upon both PCR and sequence analysis, 119 Martinique isolates from anthurium, members of the family Cucurbitaceae, Heliconia, and tomato, were determined to belong to a group termed phylotype II/sequevar 4 (II/4). While these strains cluster with the Moko disease-causing strains, they were not pathogenic to banana (NPB). The strains belonging to phylotype II/4NPB were highly pathogenic to tomato, eggplant, and pepper, were able to wilt the resistant tomato variety Hawaii7996, and may latently infect cooking banana. Phylotype II/4NPB constitutes a new pathogenic variant of R. solanacearum that has recently appeared in Martinique and may be latently prevalent throughout Caribbean and Central/South America.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Strains from Martinique (French West Indies) Exhibiting a New Pathogenic Potential

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-558
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wicker ◽  
Laurence Grassart ◽  
Régine Coranson-Beaudu ◽  
Danièle Mian ◽  
Caroline Guilbaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
West Indies ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

Epidemiological evidence for the emergence of a new pathogenic variant ofRalstonia solanacearumin Martinique (French West Indies)

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wicker ◽  
L. Grassart ◽  
R. Coranson-Beaudu ◽  
D. Mian ◽  
P. Prior
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
French West Indies

Wide genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains affecting tomato in Trinidad, West Indies

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramsubhag ◽  
D. Lawrence ◽  
D. Cassie ◽  
R. Fraser ◽  
P. Umaharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
West Indies

EMERGING STRAINS OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM IN MARTINIQUE (FRENCH WEST INDIES): A CASE STUDY FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL WILT

2005 ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wicker ◽  
L. Grassart ◽  
R. Coranson-Beaudu ◽  
D. Mian ◽  
C. Guilbaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
West Indies ◽  
French West Indies

‘Colonial livery’ and the chemise à la reine, 1779–1784

Costume ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ashelford
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
White Elite

When Jane Austen wrote in January 1801 that ‘Mrs Powlett was at once expensively and nakedly dressed’, the fashion for muslin dresses had existed for some eighteen years. This article examines the crucial period between 1779 and 1784 when the muslin garment, which became known as the chemise à la reine, was developed and refined. Originating in the French West Indies, the gaulle was the ‘colonial livery’ worn by the wives of the white elite, the ‘grands blancs’, and first appeared as a costume in a ballet performed in Paris in 1779. The version worn by Queen Marie Antoinette in Vigée Le Brun's controversial portrait of 1783 provoked, according to the Baron de Frénilly, ‘a revolution in dress’ which eventually destabilized society. The article focuses on the role played by Saint-Domingue, France's most valuable overseas possession, in the transference of the gaulle from colonial to metropolitan fashion, and how the colony became one of the major providers of unprocessed cotton to the French cotton industry.

scholarly journals Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Medelin Ocejo ◽  
Beatriz Oporto ◽  
José Luis Lavín ◽  
Ana Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractCampylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, asymptomatically colonises the intestinal tract of a wide range of animals.Although antimicrobial treatment is restricted to severe cases, the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern. Considering the significant contribution of ruminants as reservoirs of resistant Campylobacter, Illumina whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the mechanisms of AMR in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep in northern Spain. Genome analysis showed extensive genetic diversity that clearly separated both species. Resistance genotypes were identified by screening assembled sequences with BLASTn and ABRicate, and additional sequence alignments were performed to search for frameshift mutations and gene modifications. A high correlation was observed between phenotypic resistance to a given antimicrobial and the presence of the corresponding known resistance genes. Detailed sequence analysis allowed us to detect the recently described mosaic tet(O/M/O) gene in one C. coli, describe possible new alleles of blaOXA-61-like genes, and decipher the genetic context of aminoglycoside resistance genes, as well as the plasmid/chromosomal location of the different AMR genes and their implication for resistance spread. Updated resistance gene databases and detailed analysis of the matched open reading frames are needed to avoid errors when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection in the absence of phenotypic data.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterisation for Growth and Nut Characteristics Revealed the Extent of Genetic Diversity in Wild Macadamia Germplasm

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wild Accessions

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.

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