scholarly journals Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria, a Unique Group of Fructose-Fermenting Microbes

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Endo ◽  
Shintaro Maeno ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanizawa ◽  
Wolfgang Kneifel ◽  
Masanori Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are a recently discovered group, consisting of a few Fructobacillus and Lactobacillus species. Because of their unique characteristics, including poor growth on glucose and preference of oxygen, they are regarded as “unconventional” lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Their unusual growth characteristics are due to an incomplete gene encoding a bifunctional alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (adhE). This results in the imbalance of NAD/NADH and the requirement of additional electron acceptors to metabolize glucose. Oxygen, fructose, and pyruvate are used as electron acceptors. FLAB have significantly fewer genes for carbohydrate metabolism than other LAB, especially due to the lack of complete phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters. They have been isolated from fructose-rich environments, including flowers, fruits, fermented fruits, and the guts of insects that feed on plants rich in fructose, and are separated into two groups on the basis of their habitats. One group is associated with flowers, grapes, wines, and insects, and the second group is associated with ripe fruits and fruit fermentations. Species associated with insects may play a role in the health of their host and are regarded as suitable vectors for paratransgenesis in honey bees. Besides their impact on insect health, FLAB may be promising candidates for the promotion of human health. Further studies are required to explore their beneficial properties in animals and humans and their applications in the food industry.

scholarly journals Selection of Amine-Oxidizing Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria and Identification of the Enzyme and Gene Involved in the Decrease of Biogenic Amines

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (23) ◽  
pp. 6870-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Guarcello ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Luca Settanni ◽  
Sabino Formiglio ◽  
Raimondo Gaglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Multicopper Oxidase ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACTAccumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in cheese and other foods is a matter of public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the enzyme activities responsible for BA degradation in lactic acid bacteria which were previously isolated from traditional Sicilian and Apulian cheeses. The selected strains would control the concentration of BAs during cheese manufacture. First, 431 isolates not showing genes encoding the decarboxylases responsible for BA formation were selected using PCR-based methods. Ninety-four out of the 431 isolates degraded BAs (2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, histamine, putrescine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, or tryptamine) during cultivation on chemically defined medium. As shown by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-PCR and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, 78 of the 94 strains wereLactobacillusspecies (Lactobacillus casei,Lb. fermentum,Lb. parabuchneri,Lb. paracasei,Lb. paraplantarum, andLb. rhamnosus),Leuconostocspecies (Leuconostoc lactisandLn. mesenteroides),Pediococcus pentosaceus,Lactococcus lactis,Streptococcusspecies (StreptococcusgallolyticusandS. thermophilus),Enterococcus lactis, andWeissella paramesenteroides. A multicopper oxidase-hydrolyzing BA was purified from the most active strain,Lb. paracaseisubsp.paracaseiCB9CT. The gene encoding the multicopper oxidase was sequenced and was also detected in other amine-degrading strains ofLb. fermentum,Lb. paraplantarum, andP. pentosaceus.Lb. paracaseisubsp.paracaseiCB9CT and another strain (CACIO6CT) of the same species that was able to degrade all the BAs were singly used as adjunct starters for decreasing the concentration of histamine and tyramine in industrial Caciocavallo cheese. The results of this study disclose a feasible strategy for increasing the safety of traditional cheeses while maintaining their typical sensorial traits.IMPORTANCEBecause high concentrations of the potentially toxic biogenic amines may be found in traditional/typical cheeses, the safety of these food items should be improved. Lactic acid bacteria selected for the ability to degrade biogenic amines may be used during cheese making to control the concentrations of biogenic amines.

scholarly journals Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Ángel Alegría ◽  
Peter A. Bron ◽  
Maria de Angelis ◽  
Marco Gobbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Cell Energy

SUMMARYLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g.,Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., severalLactobacillusspp.), and pathogenic (e.g.,EnterococcusandStreptococcusspp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the “stressome” of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Apis mellifera L. Bee Gut: Phenolic Acids as External Electron Acceptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (23) ◽  
pp. 6899-6911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Filannino ◽  
Raffaella Di Cagno ◽  
Rocco Addante ◽  
Erica Pontonio ◽  
Marco Gobbetti
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Microarray ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTFructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are strongly associated with the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) ofApis melliferaL. worker bees due to the consumption of fructose as a major carbohydrate. Seventy-seven presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from GITs of healthyA. melliferaL. adults, which were collected from 5 different geographical locations of the Apulia region of Italy. Almost all of the isolates showed fructophilic tendencies: these isolates were identified asLactobacillus kunkeei(69%) orFructobacillus fructosus(31%). A high-throughput phenotypic microarray targeting 190 carbon sources was used to determine that 83 compounds were differentially consumed. Phenotyping grouped the strains into two clusters, reflecting growth performance. The utilization of phenolic acids, such asp-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, or gallic acids, as electron acceptors was investigated in fructose-based medium. Almost all FLAB strains showed tolerance to high phenolic acid concentrations.p-Coumaric acid and caffeic acid were consumed by all FLAB strains through reductases or decarboxylases. Syringic and gallic acids were partially metabolized. The data collected suggest that FLAB require external electron acceptors to regenerate NADH. The use of phenolic acids as external electron acceptors by the 4 FLAB showing the highest phenolic acid reductase activity was investigated in glucose-based medium supplemented withp-coumaric acid. Metabolic responses observed through a phenotypic microarray suggested that FLAB may usep-coumaric acid as an external electron acceptor, enhancing glucose dissimilation but less efficiently than other external acceptors such as fructose or pyruvic acid.IMPORTANCEFructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) remain to be fully explored. This study intends to link unique biochemical features of FLAB with their habitat. The quite unique FLAB phenome within the group lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may have practical relevance in food fermentations. The FLAB phenome may have implications for the levels of hexose metabolism products in fermented foods, as well as food probiotication. Due to the harsh conditions of honeybees' GITs, these bacteria had to develop specific physiological and biochemical characteristics, such as tolerance to phenolic acids. The screening of FLAB strains based on metabolic pathways involving phenolic acids may allow the selection of starter cultures with both technological and functional beneficial attributes. Bioconversion of phenolic compounds may contribute to the aroma attributes and biofunctionality of fermented foods. Thus, the selection of FLAB strains as starter cultures with specific enzymatic activities involving phenolic acids may have a promising role in food fermentations.

scholarly journals Retraction: Growth characteristics of histamine-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from marinade broth in shimesaba production

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1007
Author(s):  
YUJI HAMAYA ◽  
AYUMI FURUTANI ◽  
YOUHEI FUKUI ◽  
YUTAKA YANO ◽  
TOSHIHIKO TAKEWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Characteristics

scholarly journals Core Fluxome and Metafluxome of Lactic Acid Bacteria under Simulated Cocoa Pulp Fermentation Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5670-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Adler ◽  
Christoph Josef Bolten ◽  
Katrin Dohnt ◽  
Carl Erik Hansen ◽  
Christoph Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phosphoketolase Pathway ◽  
Labeling Approach ◽  
Cocoa Fermentation

ABSTRACTIn the present work, simulated cocoa fermentation was investigated at the level of metabolic pathway fluxes (fluxome) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are typically found in the microbial consortium known to convert nutrients from the cocoa pulp into organic acids. A comprehensive13C labeling approach allowed to quantify carbon fluxes during simulated cocoa fermentation by (i) parallel13C studies with [13C6]glucose, [1,2-13C2]glucose, and [13C6]fructose, respectively, (ii) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of secreted acetate and lactate, (iii) stoichiometric profiling, and (iv) isotopomer modeling for flux calculation. The study of several strains ofL. fermentumandL. plantarumrevealed major differences in their fluxes. TheL. fermentumstrains channeled only a small amount (4 to 6%) of fructose into central metabolism, i.e., the phosphoketolase pathway, whereas onlyL. fermentumNCC 575 used fructose to form mannitol. In contrast,L. plantarumstrains exhibited a high glycolytic flux. All strains differed in acetate flux, which originated from fractions of citrate (25 to 80%) and corresponding amounts of glucose and fructose. Subsequent, metafluxome studies with consortia of differentL. fermentumandL. plantarumstrains indicated a dominant (96%) contribution ofL. fermentumNCC 575 to the overall flux in the microbial community, a scenario that was not observed for the other strains. This highlights the idea that individual LAB strains vary in their metabolic contribution to the overall fermentation process and opens up new routes toward streamlined starter cultures.L. fermentumNCC 575 might be one candidate due to its superior performance in flux activity.

Cell-free supernatants produced by lactic acid bacteria reduce Salmonella population in vitro

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista ◽  
Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa ◽  
João Vitor Garcia dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté ◽  
Mônica Moura Milek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

The genus Salmonella is closely associated with foodborne outbreaks and animal diseases, and reports of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella species are frequent. Several alternatives have been developed to control this pathogen, such as cell-free supernatants (CFS). Our objective here was to evaluate the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) CFS against Salmonella in vitro. Seventeen strains of LAB were used to produce CFS, and their antimicrobial activity was screened towards six strains of Salmonella . In addition, CFS were also pH-neutralized and/or boiled. Those with the best results were lyophilized. MICs of lyophilized CFS were 11.25–22.5 g l–1. Freeze-dried CFS were also used to supplement swine and poultry feed (11.25 g kg–1) and in vitro simulated digestion of both species was performed, with Salmonella contamination of 5×106 and 2×105 c.f.u. g−1 of swine and poultry feed, respectively. In the antimicrobial screening, all acidic CFS were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella . After pH neutralization, Lactobacillus acidophilus Llorente, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCT 1629, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PUCPR44, Limosilactobacillus reuteri BioGaia, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and Pediococcus pentosaceus UM116 CFS were the only strains that partially maintained their antimicrobial activity and, therefore, were chosen for lyophilization. In the simulated swine digestion, Salmonella counts were reduced ≥1.78 log c.f.u. g–1 in the digesta containing either of the CFS. In the chicken simulation, a significant reduction was obtained with all CFS used (average reduction of 0.59±0.01 log c.f.u. ml–1). In general, the lyophilized CFS of L. fermentum CCT 1629, L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and L. acidophilus Llorente presented better antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, CFS show potential as feed additives to control Salmonella in animal production and may be an alternative to the use of antibiotics, minimizing problems related to antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus reuteri Byun-re-01, Isolated from Mouse Small Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongjun Kim ◽  
Mun-ju Cho ◽  
Seungchan Cho ◽  
Yongjun Lee ◽  
Sung June Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and serve as probiotic bacteria when consumed in adequate amounts. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus reuteri Byun-re-01, isolated from mouse small intestine.

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