Role of P450 Monooxygenases in the Degradation of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Nonylphenol by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

ABSTRACT The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively degraded the endocrine disruptor chemical nonylphenol (NP; 100% of 100 ppm) in both nutrient-limited cultures and nutrient-sufficient cultures. The P450 enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide caused significant inhibition (∼75%) of the degradation activity in nutrient-rich malt extract (ME) cultures but no inhibition in defined low-nitrogen (LN) cultures, indicating an essential role of P450 monooxygenase(s) in NP degradation under nutrient-rich conditions. A genome-wide analysis using our custom-designed P450 microarray revealed significant induction of multiple P450 monooxygenase genes by NP: 18 genes were induced (2- to 195-fold) under nutrient-rich conditions, 17 genes were induced (2- to 6-fold) in LN cultures, and 3 were induced under both nutrient-rich and LN conditions. The P450 genes Pff 311b (corresponding to protein identification number [ID] 5852) and Pff 4a (protein ID 5001) showed extraordinarily high levels of induction (195- and 167-fold, respectively) in ME cultures. The P450 oxidoreductase (POR), glutathione S-transferase (gst), and cellulose metabolism genes were also induced in ME cultures. In contrast, certain metabolic genes, such as five of the peroxidase genes, showed partial downregulation by NP. This study provides the first evidence for the involvement of P450 enzymes in NP degradation by a white rot fungus and the first genome-wide identification of specific P450 genes responsive to an environmentally significant toxicant.

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Genome-wide structural and evolutionary analysis of the P450 monooxygenase genes (P450ome) in the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium : Evidence for gene duplications and extensive gene clustering

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-6-92 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Harshavardhan Doddapaneni ◽

Ranajit Chakraborty ◽

Jagjit S Yadav

Keyword(s):

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Gene Clustering ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Gene Duplications ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Genome Wide

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P450ome of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: structure, evolution and regulation of expression of genomic P450 clusters

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0341165 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1165-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J.S. Yadav ◽

H. Doddapaneni ◽

V. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Functional Divergence ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Gene Clustering ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Regulation Of Expression ◽

Genome Wide

The model white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has the extraordinary ability to degrade (to CO2) lignin and detoxify a variety of chemical pollutants. Whole genome sequencing of this fungus has revealed the presence of the largest P450ome in fungi comprising approx. 150 P450 genes, most of which have unknown function. On the basis of our genome-wide structural and evolutionary analysis, these P450 genes could be classified into 12 families and 23 subfamilies and under 11 fungal P450 clans. The analysis further revealed an extensive gene clustering with a total of 16 P450 clusters constituted of up to 11 members per cluster. In particular, evidence and role of gene duplications and horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of these P450 clusters have been discussed using two of the P450 families [CYP63 and CYP505 (where CYP is cytochrome P450)] as examples. In addition, the observed differential transcriptional induction of the clustered members of the CYP63 gene family, in response to different xenobiotic chemicals and carbon sources, indicated functional divergence within the P450 clusters, of this basidiomycete fungus.

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Differential regulation and xenobiotic induction of tandem P450 monooxygenase genes pc-1 (CYP63A1) and pc-2 (CYP63A2) in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-004-1645-z ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Harshavardhan Doddapaneni ◽

JagjitS. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Xenobiotic Induction

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Tandem cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes and splice variants in the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: cloning, sequence analysis, and regulation of differential expression

Fungal Genetics and Biology ◽

10.1016/s1087-1845(02)00508-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 10-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J Yadav

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

P450 Monooxygenase

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Synergistic Methodology Based on Ion Exchange and Biodegradation Mechanisms Applied for Metal Complex Dye Removal from Waste Waters

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.1.6041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽

Olga Tiron ◽

Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽

Mihaela Costache ◽

Mihai Nita Lazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Basic Anion Exchange Resin ◽

Km Value ◽

Points Of View ◽

Basic Anion

This study investigates the synergistic effects of ion exchange and biodegradation methods to remove the Acid Blue 193 also called Gryfalan Navy Blue RL (GNB) dye from wastewater. Ion exchange studies were performed using a strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400. The equilibrium was characterized by a kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, establishing that the sorption of the GNB dye was subject to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.8710. Experimental results showed that the activated resin can removed up to 93.4% when the concentration of dye solution is 5.62�10-2 mM. The biodegradation of the GNB was induced by laccase, an enzyme isolated from white-rot fungus. It was also analyzed the role of pH and dye concentration on GNB biodegradation, so 5�10-2 mM dye had a maximum discoloration efficiency of 82.9% at pH of 4. The laccase showed a very fast and robust activity reaching in a few minutes a Km value of 2.2�10-1mM. In addition, increasing the GNB concentration up to 8�10-1 mM did not triggered a substrat inhibition effect on the laccase activity. Overall, in this study we proposed a mixt physicochemical and biological approach to enhance the GNB removal and biodegradability from the wastewaters and subsequently the environment.

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A Genome-Wide Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related Protein-1 (PR-1) Genes from Piper nigrum Reveals Its Critical Role during Phytophthora capsici Infection

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12071007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1007

Author(s):

Divya Kattupalli ◽

Asha Sreenivasan ◽

Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽

Pathogenesis Related

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a prominent spice that is an indispensable ingredient in cuisine and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of footrot disease, causes a drastic constraint in P. nigrum cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants employ a broad array of mechanisms that includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Through a genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belong to a CAP superfamily protein with a caveolin-binding motif (CBM) and a CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR-1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs and core amino acid composition in the functional protein domains. The conserved motifs of PnPR-1 proteins were identified using MEME. Most of the PnPR-1 proteins were basic in nature. Secondary and 3D structure analyses of the PnPR-1 proteins were also predicted, which may be linked to a functional role in P. nigrum. The GO and KEGG functional annotations predicted their function in the defense responses of plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, a transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to the P. nigrum-P. capsici interaction pathway. An altered expression pattern was detected for PnPR-1 transcripts among which a significant upregulation was noted for basic PnPR-1 genes such as CL10113.C1 and Unigene17664. The drastic variation in the transcript levels of CL10113.C1 was further validated through qRT-PCR and it showed a significant upregulation in infected leaf samples compared with the control. A subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes. This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum-P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards a P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.

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Decolorization of Victoria blue by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s11274-008-9750-2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 2349-2356 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ola M. Gomaa ◽

John E. Linz ◽

C. A. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus

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Media selection for mycelia growth, antifungal activity against wood-degrading fungi, and GC-MS study by Pycnoporus sanguineus

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.3.2719-2731 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 2719-2731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yi P. Teoh ◽

Mashitah M. Don ◽

Salmiah Ujang

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Property Changes

Wood-decaying fungi present a serious threat to items made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Though conventional chemical control has been a successful method for preserving wood against stain and decay fungi growth, the effects of these chemicals are of concern because they create problems for the environment and public health. Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus), is a white-rot fungus that invades wood during its growth, storage, or use, causing decay or other property changes. It was considered in this work as a potential source of bioactive compounds and investigated for its natural antifungal activity using a minimum inhibitory concentration assay against wood-degrading fungi. It was found that media consisting of 10.0 g/L malt extract, yeast extract, dextrose, and maltose, respectively at pH 4.7±0.2 provided the highest biomass production by P. sanguineus. Results showed that the antifungal properties of methanol and water extract of P. sanguineus mycelia and supernatant ranged from MIC values of 0.1 to 5.0 µg/µL. 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (DDMP) was found to be the major component in the extract of this fungus, based on analysis using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.

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