scholarly journals Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Preserves the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Abdominal Dysfunction in Healthy Medical Students Exposed to Academic Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3649-3658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akito Kato-Kataoka ◽  
Kensei Nishida ◽  
Mai Takada ◽  
Mitsuhisa Kawai ◽  
Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms

ABSTRACTStress-induced abdominal dysfunction is an attractive target for probiotics. To investigate the effects of the probioticLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota on abdominal dysfunction, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with healthy medical students undertaking an authorized nationwide examination for academic advancement. For 8 weeks, until the day before the examination, 23 and 24 subjects consumed anL. caseistrain Shirota-fermented milk and a placebo milk daily, respectively. In addition to assessments of abdominal symptoms, psychophysical state, and salivary stress markers, gene expression changes in peripheral blood leukocytes and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed using DNA microarray analysis and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis, respectively, before and after the intervention. Stress-induced increases in a visual analog scale measuring feelings of stress, the total score of abdominal dysfunction, and the number of genes with changes in expression of more than 2-fold in leukocytes were significantly suppressed in theL. caseistrain Shirota group compared with those in the placebo group. A significant increase in salivary cortisol levels before the examination was observed only in the placebo group. The administration ofL. caseistrain Shirota, but not placebo, significantly reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that theL. caseistrain Shirota group had significantly higher numbers of species, a marker of the alpha-diversity index, in their gut microbiota and a significantly lower percentage ofBacteroidaceaethan the placebo group. Our findings indicate that the daily consumption of probiotics, such asL. caseistrain Shirota, preserves the diversity of the gut microbiota and may relieve stress-associated responses of abdominal dysfunction in healthy subjects exposed to stressful situations.IMPORTANCEA novel clinical trial was conducted with healthy medical students under examination stress conditions. It was demonstrated that the daily consumption of lactic acid bacteria provided health benefits to prevent the onset of stress-associated abdominal symptoms and a good change of gut microbiota in healthy medical students.

Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota prevents the onset of physical symptoms in medical students under academic examination stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kato-Kataoka ◽  
K. Nishida ◽  
M. Takada ◽  
K. Suda ◽  
M. Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Daily Consumption

This pilot study investigated the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on psychological, physiological, and physical stress responses in medical students undertaking an authorised nationwide examination for promotion. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 24 and 23 healthy medical students consumed a fermented milk containing LcS and a placebo milk, respectively, once a day for 8 weeks until the day before the examination. Psychophysical state, salivary cortisol, faecal serotonin, and plasma L-tryptophan were analysed on 5 different sampling days (8 weeks before, 2 weeks before, 1 day before, immediately after, and 2 weeks after the examination). Physical symptoms were also recorded in a diary by subjects during the intervention period for 8 weeks. In association with a significant elevation of anxiety at 1 day before the examination, salivary cortisol and plasma L-tryptophan levels were significantly increased in only the placebo group (P<0.05). Two weeks after the examination, the LcS group had significantly higher faecal serotonin levels (P<0.05) than the placebo group. Moreover, the rate of subjects experiencing common abdominal and cold symptoms and total number of days experiencing these physical symptoms per subject were significantly lower in the LcS group than in the placebo group during the pre-examination period at 5-6 weeks (each P<0.05) and 7-8 weeks (each P<0.01) during the intervention period. Our results suggest that the daily consumption of fermented milk containing LcS may exert beneficial effects preventing the onset of physical symptoms in healthy subjects exposed to stressful situations.

Effect of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on constipation-related symptoms and haemorrhoids in women during puerperium

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sakai ◽  
H. Kubota ◽  
A. Gawad ◽  
L. Gheyle ◽  
S. Ramael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Probiotic Group ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms

Constipation and haemorrhoids are common complaints after childbirth. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate impact of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on stool consistency and frequency, constipation-related symptoms and quality of life, and incidence of haemorrhoids in women during puerperium. Forty women who had natural childbirth were randomised to group consuming either one bottle/day of fermented milk containing at least 6.5×109 cfu of LcS, or placebo, for 6 weeks after childbirth. Subjects filled in a diary on their bowel habits including number of bowel movement, stool consistency and incidence of haemorrhoids, and answered questionnaires on constipation-related symptoms (PAC-SYM) and quality of life (PAC-QOL) during the study period. The probiotic group showed the better scores on overall PAC-SYM (P=0.013), PAC-SYM subscales of abdominal symptoms (P=0.043) and rectal symptoms (P=0.031), and PAC-QOL satisfaction subscale (P=0.037) in comparison with the placebo group. In the probiotic group, two to four subjects experienced haemorrhoids during the first 3 weeks of treatment. The number decreased in week 4 and no one had haemorrhoids on most days in week 5-6. In the placebo group, on average four subjects had haemorrhoids from the beginning, and no obvious change was observed until week 6. No statistically significant effect was observed on stool consistency and frequency. The study products did not cause any adverse event in the subjects. Results of this study indicate that continuous consumption of fermented milk containing LcS might alleviate constipation-related symptoms, provide satisfactory bowel habit and result in earlier recovery from haemorrhoids in women during puerperium. Nonetheless, there are several limitations in interpretation of the results attributed to the study design, including lack of baseline data. Further study is required in order to confirm the efficacy.

scholarly journals Metaproteomics Analysis Reveals the Adaptation Process for the Chicken Gut Microbiota

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Tang ◽  
Anthony Underwood ◽  
Adriana Gielbert ◽  
Martin J. Woodward ◽  
Liljana Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota

ABSTRACTThe animal gastrointestinal tract houses a large microbial community, the gut microbiota, that confers many benefits to its host, such as protection from pathogens and provision of essential metabolites. Metagenomic approaches have defined the chicken fecal microbiota in other studies, but here, we wished to assess the correlation between the metagenome and the bacterial proteome in order to better understand the healthy chicken gut microbiota. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and metaproteomics analysis of fecal samples to determine microbial gut composition and protein expression. 16 rRNA gene sequencing analysis identifiedClostridiales,Bacteroidaceae, andLactobacillaceaespecies as the most abundant species in the gut. For metaproteomics analysis, peptides were generated by using the Fasp method and subsequently fractionated by strong anion exchanges. Metaproteomics analysis identified 3,673 proteins. Among the most frequently identified proteins, 380 proteins belonged toLactobacillusspp., 155 belonged toClostridiumspp., and 66 belonged toStreptococcusspp. The most frequently identified proteins were heat shock chaperones, including 349 GroEL proteins, from many bacterial species, whereas the most abundant enzymes were pyruvate kinases, as judged by the number of peptides identified per protein (spectral counting). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed the functions and locations of the identified proteins. The findings of both metaproteomics and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses are discussed.

scholarly journals 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing of Gut Microbiota from Naked Carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) in Qinghai Lake, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayan Wang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Guangxin Li ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gymnocypris Przewalskii ◽  
State Protection

Naked carp ( Gymnocypris przewalskii ) is a second-grade animal under state protection of China. We report 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of the gut microbiota of Gymnocypris przewalskii . The three most abundant phyla are Tenericutes , Proteobacteria , and Fusobacteria , and the six most abundant genera are Aeromonas , Clostridium , Cetobacterium , Shewanella , Prochlorococcus , and Vibrio .

scholarly journals Temporal Development of the Infant Gut Microbiota in Immunoglobulin E-Sensitized and Nonsensitized Children Determined by the GA-Map Infant Array

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1326-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi C. Vebø ◽  
Monika Sekelja ◽  
Ragnhild Nestestog ◽  
Ola Storrø ◽  
Roar Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Taxonomic Level

ABSTRACTAt birth, the human infant gut is sterile, but it becomes fully colonized within a few days. This initial colonization process has a major impact on immune development. Our knowledge about the correlations between aberrant colonization patterns and immunological diseases, however, is limited. The aim of the present work was to develop the GA-map (Genetic Analysis microbiota array platform) infant array and to use this array to compare the temporal development of the gut microbiota in IgE-sensitized and nonsensitized children during the first 2 years of life. The GA-map infant array is composed of highly specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) probes, which were designed based on extensive infant 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries. For the clinical screening, we analyzed 216 fecal samples collected from a cohort of 47 infants (16 sensitized and 31 nonsensitized) from 1 day to 2 years of age. The results showed that at a high taxonomic level,Actinobacteriawas significantly overrepresented at 4 months whileFirmicuteswas significantly overrepresented at 1 year for the sensitized children. At a lower taxonomic level, for the sensitized group, we found thatBifidobacterium longumwas significantly overrepresented at the age of 1 year andEnterococcusat the age of 4 months. For most phyla, however, there were consistent differences in composition between age groups, irrespective of the sensitization state. The main age patterns were a rapid decrease in staphylococci from 10 days to 4 months and a peak of bifidobacteria and bacteroides at 4 months. In conclusion, our analyses showed consistent microbiota colonization and IgE sensitization patterns that can be important for understanding both normal and diseased immunological development in infants.

scholarly journals Analysis of Multiple Tsetse Fly Populations in Uganda Reveals Limited Diversity and Species-Specific Gut Microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 4301-4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Aksoy ◽  
Erich L. Telleria ◽  
Richard Echodu ◽  
Yineng Wu ◽  
Loyce M. Okedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe invertebrate microbiome contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology, including nutrient supplementation and immune maturation processes. We identified and compared gut microbial abundance and diversity in natural tsetse flies from Uganda using five genetically distinct populations ofGlossina fuscipes fuscipesand multiple tsetse species (Glossina morsitans morsitans,G. f. fuscipes, andGlossina pallidipes) that occur in sympatry in one location. We used multiple approaches, including deep sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, and bacterium-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR), to investigate the levels and patterns of gut microbial diversity from a total of 151 individuals. Our results show extremely limited diversity in field flies of different tsetse species. The obligate endosymbiontWigglesworthiadominated all samples (>99%), but we also observed wide prevalence of low-densitySodalis(tsetse's commensal endosymbiont) infections (<0.05%). There were also several individuals (22%) with highSodalisdensity, which also carried coinfections withSerratia. Albeit in low density, we noted differences in microbiota composition among the genetically distinctG. f. fuscipesflies and between different sympatric species. Interestingly,Wigglesworthiadensity varied in different species (104to 106normalized genomes), withG. f. fuscipeshaving the highest levels. We describe the factors that may be responsible for the reduced diversity of tsetse's gut microbiota compared to those of other insects. Additionally, we discuss the implications ofWigglesworthiaandSodalisdensity variations as they relate to trypanosome transmission dynamics and vector competence variations associated with different tsetse species.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenhai Gong ◽  
Yinglin Feng ◽  
Yunong Zeng ◽  
Huanrui Zhang ◽  
Meiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

scholarly journals Comparison between 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing data for the taxonomic characterization of the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Durazzi ◽  
Claudia Sala ◽  
Gastone Castellani ◽  
Gerardo Manfreda ◽  
Daniel Remondini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn this paper we compared taxonomic results obtained by metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metagenomics (whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing) to investigate their reliability for bacteria profiling, studying the chicken gut as a model system. The experimental conditions included two compartments of gastrointestinal tracts and two sampling times. We compared the relative abundance distributions obtained with the two sequencing strategies and then tested their capability to distinguish the experimental conditions. The results showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing detects only part of the gut microbiota community revealed by shotgun sequencing. Specifically, when a sufficient number of reads is available, Shotgun sequencing has more power to identify less abundant taxa than 16S sequencing. Finally, we showed that the less abundant genera detected only by shotgun sequencing are biologically meaningful, being able to discriminate between the experimental conditions as much as the more abundant genera detected by both sequencing strategies.

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