scholarly journals Critical Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the Environment of Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4645-4654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Huq ◽  
R. Bradley Sack ◽  
Azhar Nizam ◽  
Ira M. Longini ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Plankton Population ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACT The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and subsequently in Bangladesh have stimulated efforts to understand environmental factors influencing the growth and geographic distribution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serotypes. Because of the severity of recent epidemics, cholera is now being considered by some infectious disease investigators as a “reemerging” disease, prompting new work on the ecology of vibrios. Epidemiological and ecological surveillance for cholera has been under way in four rural, geographically separated locations in Bangladesh for the past 4 years, during which both clinical and environmental samples were collected at biweekly intervals. The clinical epidemiology portion of the research has been published (Sack et al., J. Infect. Dis. 187:96-101, 2003). The results of environmental sampling and analysis of the environmental and clinical data have revealed significant correlations of water temperature, water depth, rainfall, conductivity, and copepod counts with the occurrence of cholera toxin-producing bacteria (presumably V. cholerae). The lag periods between increases or decreases in units of factors, such as temperature and salinity, and occurrence of cholera correlate with biological parameters, e.g., plankton population blooms. The new information on the ecology of V. cholerae is proving useful in developing environmental models for the prediction of cholera epidemics.

Small Bowel Obstruction

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Colleen Trevino
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Ischemia ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Imaging Response

Strategies for the management of small bowel obstructions have changed significantly over the years. Nonoperative medical management has become the mainstay of treatment of many small bowel obstructions. However, the key to the management of small bowel obstructions is identifying those patients who need surgical intervention. Identification of those at risk for bowel ischemia and bowel death is an art as much as it is a science. Using the current literature and the past knowledge regarding small bowel obstructions, the clinician must carefully identify the signs and symptoms that suggest the need for operative intervention. Classification of the obstruction, history and physical examination, imaging, response to decompression and resuscitation, and resolution or progression of symptoms are the key factors influencing the management of small bowel obstructions.

Houses of cards

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Ad Hominem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
New Information ◽  
Exciting Time

We have reached an important moment in the study of the Roman house. The past 20 years have been extremely active, with scholars approaching domestic space down different disciplinary and methodological avenues. Since the important essay on Campanian houses by A. Wallace-Hadrill in 1988, new excavations and scores of books and articles have changed the picture of Pompeii and, with it, that of the Roman house. Theoretical archaeologists have taken the lead, approaching Pompeii as an "archaeological laboratory" in which, armed with the interpretative tools of spatial and statistical analysis, they attempt to recover ancient behavioral patterns. The interdisciplinary picture that emerges is complex and inevitably contradictory. There is so much new information and such a tangle of perspectives that it is time to consider what we have learned and what kinds of interpretative tools we might best employ. Without doubt this is an exciting time in Roman studies. But two overviews of recent scholarship to appear this year, the present one by R. Tybout and another by P. Allison (AJA 105.2 [2001]), express considerable frustration and resort to ad hominem recriminations that signal a heated backlash, at least among some.

Pop Music, Processing Fluency, and Pleasure

2021 ◽  
pp. 467-488
Author(s):  
Jeff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Film Viewing

Over the past fifteen years, processing fluency has become an increasingly important research topic in mapping the contours of aesthetic experience. It refers to the ease with which our minds assimilate new information, and it plays an important priming function in the pleasure or enjoyment experienced during film viewing. Fluency occurs as the result of both stimulus features and contextual factors, which include, among other things, the exposure effect, repetition, dishabituation, and spontaneous recovery. It can also play a vital role in cinematic listening, predisposing auditors toward positive judgments of films based on the ways in which they trigger efficient recall of music’s formal patterns. Processing fluency, thus, figures as an important dimension of film and music cross-promotion, either by leveraging consumer interest in music ancillaries or by enabling spectators to re-experience films through their soundtrack albums.

Looking backward to the future: Counter-memory as oppositional knowledge-production in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Peace Activism ◽  
Activist Groups

This article examines a strategy of peace activism that gained visibility in the last decades: memory activism. Memory activists manifest a temporal shift in transnational politics: first the past, then the future. Affiliated with the globally-circulating paradigm of historical justice, memory activist groups assume that a new understanding of the past could lead to a new perception of present problems and project alternative solutions for the future. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and discourse analysis among memory activists of the 1948 war in Israel since 2001, the article examines the activist production of counter-memory during active conflict. Using Coy et al.’s typology of oppositional knowledge-production, the article shows how the largest group of memory activism in Israel produced ‘new’ information on the war, critically assessed the dominant historical narrative, offered an alternative shared narrative, and began to envision practical solutions for Palestinian refugees. However, the analysis raises additional concerns that reach beyond the scope of the typology, primarily regarding the unequal power relations that exist not only between the dominant and activist production of oppositional knowledge, but also among activists.

scholarly journals Where Can Tourism-Led Growth and Economy-Driven Tourism Growth Occur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Shanshan Lin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Practical Implications

In this study, we investigate the causal relationships between international tourism growth and regional economic expansion in China, and more importantly, disclose the factors determining the occurrence of these relationships. The empirical results reveal that 10 of 29 regions experienced tourism-led growth (TLG) during 1978 to 2013, whereas nine regions experienced economy-driven tourism growth (EDTG). Different from the past literature, this study uses Bayesian probit models to unveil the factors influencing these different growth patterns. Our results suggest that regions with less-developed economies, larger economic sizes, and covering larger geographic areas are more likely to experience TLG, and regions with less-developed economies are more likely to experience EDTG as well. Lastly, practical implications are provided.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Epistemic Logic for Actual Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Dynamic Epistemic Logic ◽  
Logical Omniscience ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Complete Axiomatization ◽  
New Information

The dynamic epistemic logic for actual knowledge models the phenomenon of actual knowledge change when new information is received. In contrast to the systems of dynamic epistemic logic which have been discussed in the past literature, our system is not burdened with the problem of logical omniscience, that is, an idealized assumption that the agent explicitly knows all classical tautologies and all logical consequences of his or her knowledge. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization for this logic.

scholarly journals Out-of-programme experience in UK neurosurgery trainees: optimising the transition back into clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
J Lam ◽  
G Evans ◽  
RM deSouza ◽  
M Amarouche ◽  
J Cheserem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Uk

INTRODUCTION Out of programme (OOP) experience from training increases the skill pool of the neurosurgical workforce and drives innovation in the specialty. OOP approval criteria are well defined but transition back to clinical work can be challenging with a paucity of data published on trainee perspectives. Our study aimed to investigate factors influencing transition from OOP back to clinical work among neurosurgical trainees in the UK. METHODS An online survey was sent to all members of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons. Questions pertained to details of OOP and factors influencing transition back to clinical work. RESULTS Among the 73 respondents, 7 were currently on OOP and 27 had completed OOP in the past. Research was the most common reason for OOP (28/34, 82%) and this was generally motivated by the aspiration of an academic neurosurgery career (17/34, 50%). Although the majority (27/34, 79%) continued clinical work during OOP, 37% of this group (10/27) reported a reduction in their surgical skills. Fewer than half (15/34, 44%) had a return to work plan, of which only half (8/34, 24%) were formal plans. The majority of respondents who had completed OOP in the past (22/27, 81%) felt that they were able to apply the skills gained during OOP to their clinical work on return. CONCLUSIONS Skills learnt during OOP are relevant and transferable to the clinical environment but mainly limited to research with OOP for management and education underrepresented. Deterioration of surgical skills is a concern. However, recognition of this problem has prompted new methods and schemes to address challenges faced on return to work.

Naftidrofuryl (praxilene)

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information

We have discussed the use of naftidrofuryl oxalate (Praxilene - Lipha) in peripheral vascular disease, senile dementia and acute cerebrovascular disease several times over the past 16 years. On each occasion we concluded that the evidence that naftidrofuryl gave clinical benefit was at best equivocal, and further trials were needed. We now review recent trials and other new information about the drug.

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