scholarly journals VH3 Antibody Response to Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Serpa ◽  
Josemon Valayam ◽  
Daniel M. Musher ◽  
Roger D. Rossen ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Idiotypic Antibody

ABSTRACTPneumococcal disease continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Older adults may have high levels of anticapsular antibody after vaccination, but their antibodies show decreased functional activity. In addition, the protective effect of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) seems to cease as early as 3 to 5 years postvaccination. Recently, it was suggested that PPV elicits human antibodies that use predominantly VH3 gene segments and induce a repertoire shift with increased VH3 expression in peripheral B cells. Here we compared VH3-idiotypic antibody responses in middle-aged and elderly subjects receiving PPV as initial immunization or revaccination. We studied pre- and postvaccination sera from 36 (18 vaccine-naïve and 18 previously immunized subjects) middle-aged and 40 (22 vaccine-naïve and 18 previously immunized subjects) elderly adults who received 23-valent PPV. Concentrations of IgGs to four individual serotypes (6B, 14, 19F, and 23F) and of VH3-idiotypic antibodies (detected by the monoclonal antibody D12) to the whole pneumococcal vaccine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PPV elicited significant IgG and VH3-idiotypic antibody responses in middle-aged and elderly subjects, regardless of whether they were vaccine naïve or undergoing revaccination. Age did not influence the magnitude of the antibody responses, as evidenced by similar postvaccination IgG and VH3 antibody levels in both groups, even after stratifying by prior vaccine status. Furthermore, we found similar proportions (around 50%) of elderly and middle-aged subjects experiencing 2-fold increases in VH3 antibody titers after vaccination. Age or repeated immunization does not appear to affect the VH3-idiotypic immunogenicity of PPV among middle-aged and elderly adults.

scholarly journals 744. Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Elderly Patients Aged 65 Years and Older in the Republic of Korea: A Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Jong Hun Kim ◽  
Byung Chul Chun ◽  
Joon Young Song ◽  
Hyo Youl Kim ◽  
In-Gyu Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The national immunization program (NIP) of annual influenza vaccination to the elderly population (≥65 years of age) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been implemented since 1987. Recently, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) through the NIP has been provided to the elderly population in the ROK since May 2013. The aim of this study was to assess PPV23 and influenza vaccine (IV) effectiveness in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) among elderly patients ≥65 years of age. Methods A case–control study using a hospital-based cohort was conducted. Cases of PP including bacteremic PP and nonbacteremic PP were collected from 14 hospitals in the pneumococcal diseases surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015. Controls matched by age and sex in the same hospital were selected. Demographic, clinical information, and vaccination histories were collected. Previous immunization was categorized into “vaccinated” if a patient had received vaccines as follows: PPV23 (4 weeks to 5 years) and IV (2 weeks to 6 months) prior to the diagnosis of PP for case patients and prior to the hospital admission for control patients. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated, controlling for underlying medical conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as (1 – OR) × 100. Results During the study period, a total of 661 cases (104 bacteremic PP cases and 557 nonbacteremic PP cases) and 661 controls were enrolled for analyses. For overall patients ≥65 years of age, there was no significant vaccine effectiveness against PP. For young elderly patients with 65–74 years, IV alone (1.2%, [95% confidence interval (CI) −95.3% to 50.0%]) and PPV23 alone (21.9%, [95% CI −39.0% to 56.1%]) were not effective. However, significant vaccine effectiveness of PPV23 plus IV against PP was noted (54.4%, [95% CI 6.9–77.7%], P = 0.031). For older elderly patients ≥75 years of age, no significant vaccine effectiveness was observed. Conclusion Our study indicates that PPV23 plus IV may be effective in preventing PP among young elderly patients with 65–74 years, suggesting additive benefits of influenza plus PPV23 vaccination. Further studies are required to confirm the persistent additive protective effectiveness. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of dichotic training in the elderly adults: a single subject study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahidipour ◽  
Saeid Farahani ◽  
Ghassem Mohammadkhani ◽  
Elham Tavanai ◽  
Nariman Rahbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Dichotic Training

Background and Aim: Elderly people usually show poor performance in dichotic listening tasks. In this condition, the left ear being often the weaker one shows a performance below the normal limits. Studies have shown the effectiveness of dichotic listening training in auditory and language processing for adults and children with neurological disorders. This study aimed to develop a home-version of dichotic training and investigate its effectiveness in elderly adults. Methods: Participants in this single-subject interventional study (AB design) were four elderly subjects (two males and two females) aged 65−75 years. The main inclusion criteria were dichotic listening deficit demonstrated by the dichotic digit test (DDT), no neurological or cognitive disorders, and normal hearing threshold. Dichotic listening training was performed with an informal home-version of dichotic interaural intensity difference (DIID) training program for seven weeks. DDT was performed seven consecutive weeks before (phase A) and after the intervention (phase B) at the end of each week. Results: Data were analyzed by single-subject study statistics. Findings demonstrated an improvement in DDT scores for the left ear and decrease in right ear advantage scores in all the elderly adults after DIID training program. It seems that this training program could remediate poor performance in dichotic listening tasks in elderly people. Conclusion: The advantage of this method is that it can be easily done at home and is costeffective. However, further studies are needed to approve the neuroplasticity and structural changes in the brain after the DIID training program in this population. Keywords: Auditory rehabilitation; dichotic training; dichotic listening; elderly; singlesubject study

Changes in processing adverbial conjuncts throughout adulthood

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Bloom ◽  
Jeanne Mullin ◽  
Peter J. Paternostro
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Processing Abilities

ABSTRACTThis study examines the use and understanding of concordant (e.g., consequently, moreover) and discordant (e.g., rather, contrastively) adverbial conjuncts in the later part of the life span. The participants, 75 neurologically healthy young (mean age 21.8), middle-aged (mean age 51.7), and elderly (mean age 73.1) adults, were examined using procedures by Nippold, Schwarz, and Undlin (1992). Groups were matched for education level. The results indicate a significant decline in processing adverbial conjuncts in the elderly. Discordant adverbial conjuncts especially challenged the linguistic processing abilities of the elderly subjects. The age- related decline in processing adverbial conjuncts.appears to be a specific deficit in linguistic processing that is independent of problems in memory or the effects of exposure to sophisticated language forms.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Elderly Persons After Ergometric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142097980
Author(s):  
Kenichi Kaneko ◽  
Hitoshi Makabe ◽  
Kazuyuki Mito ◽  
Kazuyoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshiya Kawanori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Young Subjects

This study examined the characteristics of lower limb muscle activity in elderly persons after ergometric pedaling exercise for 1 month. To determine the effect of the exercise, surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower limb muscles was subjected to Daubechies-4 wavelet transformation, and mean wavelet coefficients were compared with the pre-exercise coefficients and the post-exercise coefficients in each wavelet level. The characteristics of muscle activity after pedaling exercise were also compared between the elderly subjects and young subjects. For the elderly subjects, the mean wavelet coefficients were significantly decreased in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius medialis at wavelet levels of 3, 4, and 5 (125–62.5, 62.5–31.25, and 31.25–15.625 Hz, respectively), by pedaling exercise. However, the mean power of wavelet levels of 2 and 3 (250–125 and 125–62.5 Hz) within the rectus femoris and the biceps femoris were significantly increased in the young subjects. The effect of pedaling exercise is different from the effects of heavy-resistance training. It was suggested that the muscle coordination, motor unit (MU) firing frequency, and firing fiber type of lower limb muscles are changed with the different characteristics between elderly and young persons by pedaling exercise for 1 month.

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