scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Trivalent Riemerella anatipestifer-Inactivated Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwen Liu ◽  
Xiaolan Wang ◽  
Chan Ding ◽  
Xiangan Han ◽  
Anchun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Riemerella Anatipestifer ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTRiemerella anatipestiferinfections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. In this study, a trivalent inactivated vaccine ofR. anatipestifer, including strains CH3 (serotype 1), NJ3 (serotype 2), and HXb2 (serotype 10), was developed. Animal experiments showed that the ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine were 100% protected from challenge with strains from any of the three serotypes (1, 2, or 10). No death or clinical signs of diarrhea, tremors, or limb swelling were shown in the protected ducks. Also, noR. anatipestiferbacteria were isolated from the livers or brains of the protected ducks. Furthermore, no histopathological changes were observed in the liver, spleen, or brain samples from the protected ducks during histological examination. The ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine generated high antibody titers of 1:3,200 to 1:6,400 against the three serotypes of strains. The vaccine significantly enhanced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) after one immunization and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 after two immunizations. In addition, real-time PCR indicated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), as well as that of CD40 and CD154 molecules, was significantly increased after one immunization, and the expressions of both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules were increased after two immunizations. Our study indicates that the vaccine can induce both humoral and cellular immunities in ducks and offer effective protection againstR. anatipestiferinfection.

scholarly journals The Live Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Triple-Deletion Mutant ΔapxICΔapxIICΔapxIV-ORF1Strain, SLW05, Immunizes Pigs against Lethal Challenge with Haemophilus parasuis

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Fu ◽  
Jiwen Ou ◽  
Minmin Zhang ◽  
Juan Xu ◽  
Huazhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach

ABSTRACTHaemophilus parasuisandActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeboth belong to the familyPasteurellaceaeand are major respiratory pathogens that cause large economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. We previously constructed an attenuatedA. pleuropneumoniaeserovar 1 live vaccine prototype, SLW05 (ΔapxICΔapxIICΔapxIV-ORF1), which is able to produce nontoxic but immunogenic ApxIA, ApxIIA, and ApxIVA. This triple-deletion mutant strain was shown to elicit protective immunity against virulentA. pleuropneumoniae. In the present study, we investigated whether immunization with SLW05 could also protect against lethal challenge with virulentH. parasuisSH0165 (serovar 5) or MD0322 (serovar 4). The SLW05 strain was found to elicit a strong humoral antibody response in pigs and to confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose ofH. parasuisSH0165 or MD0322. IgG subtype analysis revealed that SLW05 induces a bias toward a Th1-type immune response and stimulates interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production. Moreover, antisera from SLW05-vaccinated pigs efficiently inhibited bothA. pleuropneumoniaeandH. parasuisgrowth in a whole-blood assay. This is the first report that a live attenuatedA. pleuropneumoniaevaccine with SLW05 can protect against lethalH. parasuisinfection, which provides a novel approach for developing an attenuatedH. parasuisvaccine.

Elimination of PRRS Using An Inactivated Vaccine in Combination With A Roll-Over Method in A Hungarian Large-Scale Pig Herd

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Pertich ◽  
Zoltán Barna ◽  
Orsolya Makai ◽  
János Farkas ◽  
Tamás Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Offspring Production

Abstract Background:Four countries are free from the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Europe, a virus that causes severe economic losses worldwide. A number of countries have initiated eradication programmes against the disease. Among the applied methods, complete depopulation-repopulation is the safest and fastest but at the same time the most expensive process. Another possible way of heard eradication is to replace the infected breading stock by gilts reared PRRSV free on the infected farm. This way maintaining continued farm production. In this paper, the authors present a successful complex method of eradication (including the application of an inactivated vaccine and segregated rearing of offspring) in a Hungarian large scale pig farm. Case presentation:A farm of 1475 sows (Farm A) was infected with PRRSV and the clinical signs of reproductive failure were eliminated by using an inactivated vaccine (Progressis®, Ceva). At the beginning of eradication, gilts selected for breeding were vaccinated at 60 and 90–100 days of age, respectively. The subsequent vaccinations of breeding animals were applied at 6 months of age, on the 60–70th day of pregnancy and at weaning. The 7weeks-old piglets of the vaccinated sows, approximately 1200 piglets were transported in groups of 300 animals to a closed, empty farm (Farm B) after a testing negative with PCR, and they were reared here until 14 weeks of age. These seronegative gilts were subsequently transported to a third, closed, empty farm (Farm C), and (having reached the breeding age) they were inseminated here after a negative serological test (ELISA). At the same time, Farm A was depopulated, cleaned and disinfected. All pregnant gilts were transported from Farm C to Farm A after being tested negative with ELISA, where follow-up was performed after farrowing by two serological tests with an interval of six months. Based on the subsequent negative test results, the competent authority declared the herd PRRSV free. Conclusions:The farm presented in this study was the first in the course of the National PRRS Eradication Programme to eradicate PRRSV successfully by vaccinating the sows with an inactivated vaccine and performing segregated rearing of the offspring. Production was almost continuous during the whole process of the population replacement. Testing for monitoring purposes was also cheaper and simpler because of the use of an inactivated vaccine.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D. Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Esteves ◽  
Diogenes Dezen ◽  
Anna P. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.0) fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

scholarly journals Purification, Stability, and Immunogenicity Analyses of Five Bluetongue Virus Proteins for Use in Development of a Subunit Vaccine That Allows Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Anderson ◽  
Emmanuel Bréard ◽  
Karin Lövgren Bengtsson ◽  
Kjell-Olov Grönvik ◽  
Stéphan Zientara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Bluetongue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne

ABSTRACTBluetongue virus (BTV) causes bluetongue disease, a vector-borne disease of ruminants. The recent northerly spread of BTV serotype 8 in Europe resulted in outbreaks characterized by clinical signs in cattle, including unusual teratogenic effects. Vaccination has been shown to be crucial for controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases such as BTV. With the aim of developing a novel subunit vaccine targeting BTV-8 that allows differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals, five His-tagged recombinant proteins, VP2 and VP5 of BTV-8 and NS1, NS2, and NS3 of BTV-2, were expressed in baculovirus orEscherichia coliexpression systems for further study. Optimized purification protocols were determined for VP2, NS1, NS2, and NS3, which remained stable for detection for at least 560 to 610 days of storage at +4°C or −80°C, and Western blotting using sera from vaccinated or experimentally infected cattle indicated that VP2 and NS2 were recognized by BTV-specific antibodies. To characterize murine immune responses to the four proteins, mice were subcutaneously immunized twice at a 4-week interval with one of three protein combinations plus immunostimulating complex ISCOM-Matrix adjuvant or with ISCOM-Matrix alone (n= 6 per group). Significantly higher serum IgG antibody titers specific for VP2 and NS2 were detected in immunized mice than were detected in controls. VP2, NS1, and NS2 but not NS3 induced specific lymphocyte proliferative responses upon restimulation of spleen cells from immunized mice. The data suggest that these recombinant purified proteins, VP2, NS1, and NS2, could be an important part of a novel vaccine design against BTV-8.

scholarly journals Superior Protection from Live-Attenuated Vaccines Directed against Johne's Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Shippy ◽  
Justin J. Lemke ◽  
Aubrey Berry ◽  
Kathryn Nelson ◽  
Murray E. Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Control Programs

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Johne's disease is an important enteric infection causing large economic losses associated with infected herds. In an attempt to fight this infection, we created two novel live-attenuated vaccine candidates with mutations in sigH and lipN (pgsH and pgsN, respectively). Earlier reports in mice suggested these vaccines are promising candidates to fight Johne's disease in ruminants. In this study, we tested the performances of the two constructs as vaccine candidates using the goat model of Johne's disease. Both vaccines appeared to provide significant immunity to goats against challenge from wild-type M. paratuberculosis. The pgsH and pgsN constructs showed a significant reduction in histopathological lesions and tissue colonization compared to nonvaccinated goats and those vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. Unlike the inactivated vaccine, the pgsN construct was able to eliminate fecal shedding from challenged animals, a feature that is highly desirable to control Johne's disease in infected herds. Furthermore, strong initial cell-mediated immune responses were elicited in goats vaccinated with pgsN that were not demonstrated in other vaccine groups. Overall, the results indicate the potential use of live-attenuated vaccines to control intracellular pathogens, including M. paratuberculosis, and warrant further testing in cattle, the main target for Johne's disease control programs.

scholarly journals Adrenal Steroids Modulate the Immune Response during Brucella abortus Infection by a Mechanism That Depends on the Regulation of Cytokine Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1973-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Virginia Gentilini ◽  
Lis Noelia Velásquez ◽  
Paula Barrionuevo ◽  
Paula Constanza Arriola Benitez ◽  
Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Class I Mhc ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Dhea Treatment

Human brucellosis is a protean disease with a diversity of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from infection withBrucellaspecies. Recent reports suggest a cross-regulation between adrenal steroids (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and the immune system. Monocytes and macrophages are the main replication niche forBrucella. Therefore, we investigated the role of adrenal hormones on the modulation of the immune response mediated by macrophages inB. abortusinfection. Cortisol treatment duringB. abortusinfection significantly inhibits cytokine, chemokine, and MMP-9 secretion. In contrast, DHEA treatment had no effect. However, DHEA treatment increases the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86), the adhesion molecule CD54, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II expression on the surface ofB. abortus-infected monocytes. It is known thatB. abortusinfection inhibits MHC-I and MHC-II expression induced by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) treatment. DHEA reversesB. abortusdownmodulation of the MHC-I and -II expression induced by IFN-γ. Taken together, our data indicate that DHEA immune intervention may positively affect monocyte activity duringB. abortusinfection.

scholarly journals Surface Polysaccharide Mutants Reveal that Absence of O Antigen Reduces Biofilm Formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hathroubi ◽  
M. A. Hancock ◽  
J. T. Bossé ◽  
P. R. Langford ◽  
Y. D. N. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Strain ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides ◽  
Isogenic Mutants

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to thePasteurellaceaefamily and the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious lung disease causing important economic losses. Surface polysaccharides, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS), are implicated in the adhesion and virulence ofA. pleuropneumoniae, but their role in biofilm formation is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the requirement for these surface polysaccharides in biofilm formation byA. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 1. Well-characterized mutants were used: an O-antigen LPS mutant, a truncated core LPS mutant with an intact O antigen, a capsule mutant, and a poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PGA) mutant. We compared the amount of biofilm produced by the parental strain and the isogenic mutants using static and dynamic systems. Compared to the findings for the biofilm of the parental or other strains, the biofilm of the O antigen and the PGA mutants was dramatically reduced, and it had less cell-associated PGA. Real-time PCR analyses revealed a significant reduction in the level ofpgaA,cpxR, andcpxAmRNA in the biofilm cells of the O-antigen mutant compared to that in the biofilm cells of the parental strain. Specific binding between PGA and LPS was consistently detected by surface plasmon resonance, but the lack of O antigen did not abolish these interactions. In conclusion, the absence of the O antigen reduces the ability ofA. pleuropneumoniaeto form a biofilm, and this is associated with the reduced expression and production of PGA.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Pneumonic Plague for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fellows ◽  
Jessica Price ◽  
Shannon Martin ◽  
Karen Metcalfe ◽  
Robert Krile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Time To Onset

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of a recombinant plague vaccine (rF1V) was evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (CMs) to establish the relationship among vaccine doses, antibody titers, and survival following an aerosol challenge with a lethal dose ofYersinia pestisstrain Colorado 92. CMs were vaccinated with a range of rF1V doses on a three-dose schedule (days 0, 56, and 121) to provide a range of survival outcomes. The humoral immune response following vaccination was evaluated with anti-rF1, anti-rV, and anti-rF1V bridge enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Animals were challenged via aerosol exposure on day 149. Vaccine doses and antibody responses were each significantly associated with the probability of CM survival (P< 0.0001). Vaccination also decreased signs of pneumonic plague in a dose-dependent manner. There were statistically significant correlations between the vaccine dose and the time to onset of fever (P< 0.0001), the time from onset of fever to death (P< 0.0001), the time to onset of elevated respiratory rate (P= 0.0003), and the time to onset of decreased activity (P= 0.0251) postinfection in animals exhibiting these clinical signs. Delays in the onset of these clinical signs of disease were associated with larger doses of rF1V. Immunization with ≥12 μg of rF1V resulted in 100% CM survival. Since both the vaccine dose and anti-rF1V antibody titers correlate with survival, rF1V bridge ELISA titers can be used as a correlate of protection.

scholarly journals Antibody response in cattle after vaccination with inactivated and attenuated rabies vaccines

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa de Cássia RODRIGUES da SILVA ◽  
Graciane Maria Medeiros CAPORALE ◽  
Celso Alberto GONÇALVES ◽  
Mosar Couteiro TARGUETA ◽  
Fabiano COMIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Titers

Despite the absence of current official reports showing the number of cattle infected by rabies, it is estimated that nearly 30,000 bovines are lost each year in Brazil. In order to minimize the important economic losses, control of the disease is achieved by eliminating bat colonies and by herd vaccination. In this study, we compare the antibody response in cattle elicited by vaccination with an attenuated ERA vaccine (AEvac) and an inactivated-adjuvanted PV (IPVvac) vaccine. The antibody titers were appraised by cell-culture neutralization test and ELISA, and the percentage of seropositivity was ascertained for a period of 180 days. IPVvac elicited complete seropositivity rates from day 30 to day 150, and even on day 180, 87% of the sera showed virus-neutralizing antibody titers (VNA) higher than 0.5IU/ml. There were no significant differences between the VNA titers and seropositivity rates obtained with IPVvac in the two methods tested. AEvac, however, elicited significantly lower titers than those observed in the group receiving inactivated vaccine. In addition, the profiles of antirabies IgG antibodies, evaluated by ELISA, and VNA, appraised by cell-culture neutralization test, were slightly different, when both vaccines were compared.

scholarly journals Characterization of the hemolytic activity of Riemerella anatipestifer

Microbiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Gong ◽  
Yongsheng Yang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Bingqing Sun ◽  
Yafei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Riemerella Anatipestifer ◽  
Link Type

Riemerella anatipestifer infection causes serious economic losses in the duck industry worldwide. Acute septicemia and high blood bacterial loading in R. anatipestifer infected ducks indicate that R. anatipestifer may be able to obtain iron and other nutrients by lysing duck erythrocytes to support its rapid growth and proliferation in the blood. However, so far, little is known about the hemolytic activity of R. anatipestifer to duck erythrocytes. In this study, 29 of 52 R . anatipestifer strains showed hemolytic activity on duck blood agar, whereas all the tested dba+ (with hemolytic activity on duck blood agar) and dba− strains created pores in the duck red blood cells, with 4.35–9.03% hemolytic activity in a liquid hemolysis assay after incubation for 24 h. The concentrated culture supernatants of all the tested R. anatipestifer strains and the extracted outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from dba+ R. anatipestifer strains showed hemolytic activity on duck blood agar. These results, together with the median lethal dose (LD50) of some dba+ and dba- R. anatipestifer strains in ducklings, suggested that there was no direct relationship between the hemolytic capacity of R. anatipestifer on duck blood agar and its virulence.

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