Candida albicans Biofilms: a Developmental State Associated With Specific and Stable Gene Expression Patterns

ABSTRACT Like many bacteria, yeast species can form biofilms on several surfaces. Candida albicans colonizes the surfaces of catheters, prostheses, and epithelia, forming biofilms that are extremely resistant to antifungal drugs. We have used transcript profiling to investigate the specific properties of C. albicans biofilms. Biofilm and planktonic cultures produced under different conditions of nutrient flow, aerobiosis, or glucose concentration were compared by overall gene expression correlation. Correlation was much higher between biofilms than planktonic populations irrespective of the growth conditions, indicating that biofilm populations formed in different environments display very similar and specific transcript profiles. A first cluster of 325 differentially expressed genes was identified. In agreement with the overrepresentation of amino acid biosynthesis genes in this cluster, Gcn4p, a regulator of amino acid metabolism, was shown to be required for normal biofilm growth. To identify biofilm-related genes that are independent of mycelial development, we studied the transcriptome of biofilms produced by a wild-type, hypha-producing strain and a cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1 strain defective for hypha production. This analysis identified a cluster of 317 genes expressed independently of hypha formation, whereas 86 genes were dependent on mycelial development. Both sets revealed the activation of the sulfur-amino acid biosynthesis pathway as a feature of C. albicans biofilms.

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Highly expressed amino acid biosynthesis genes revealed by global gene expression analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis during growth in whole egg are not essential for this growth

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Džiuginta Jakočiūnė ◽

Ana Herrero-Fresno ◽

Lotte Jelsbak ◽

John Elmerdahl Olsen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽

Global Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Whole Egg

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Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Gene Expression in the General Control of Amino-Acid Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60712-6 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 195-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Alan G. Hinnebusch

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Translational Regulation ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽

General Control ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Transcriptional And Translational Regulation

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Data Mining Nitrogen-Responsive Gene Expression for Source–Sink Relations and Indicators of N Status in Potato

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1617

Author(s):

Mia T. Parenteau ◽

Hong Gu ◽

Bernie J. Zebarth ◽

Athyna N. Cambouris ◽

Jean Lafond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

N Uptake ◽

Field Trials ◽

Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Lasso Regression ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

N Assimilation ◽

Source Sink ◽

N Status

Potato tuber yields depend on nitrogen (N) supply, which affects source–sink relations. Transcriptome sequencing of the foliar source using a single field trial identified gene expression responsive to 180 kg N ha−1. The expression of N-responsive genes was further analyzed in the next stage using a NanoString nCounter over an expanded number of foliar samples from seven field trials with varying N rates, sites, and cultivars. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models of gene expression predictive of yield, total plant N uptake, and tuber-specific gravity (proxy for dry matter) were built. Genes in the LASSO model for yield were associated with source–sink partitioning. A key gene regulating tuberization and senescence, StSP6A Flowering locus T, was found in the LASSO model predicting tuber yield, but not the other models. An aminotransferase involved in photorespiratory N assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis was found in all LASSO models. Other genes functioning in amino acid biosynthesis and integration of sulfur (S) and N metabolism were also found in the yield prediction model. The study provides insights on N responses in foliage of potato plants that affect source–sink partitioning. Additionally, N-responsive genes predictive of yield are candidate indicators of N status.

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Sensitivity of White and Opaque Candida albicans Cells to Antifungal Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00166-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Veronica B. Craik ◽

Alexander D. Johnson ◽

Matthew B. Lohse

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Strain Variation ◽

Content Type ◽

Terbinafine Hydrochloride

ABSTRACT White and opaque cells of Candida albicans have the same genome but differ in gene expression patterns, metabolic profiles, and host niche preferences. We tested whether these differences, which include the differential expression of drug transporters, resulted in different sensitivities to 27 antifungal agents. The analysis was performed in two different strain backgrounds; although there was strain-to-strain variation, only terbinafine hydrochloride and caspofungin showed consistent, 2-fold differences between white and opaque cells across both strains.

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