scholarly journals Risky business: oropharyngeal bacteria linked to risk for invasive fungal infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
A Site ◽  
Risky Business

This work combines a clinical investigation with a mouse model of fungal infection to study the role of bacterial microbiota in fungal invasion. The investigators identified a dysbiosis in the oropharyngeal mucosa that was associated with a high risk for invasive infection in hematologic oncology patients. This study builds on our current understanding that the pathogenesis of fungal infections has to be studied in the context of a specific host background and a site-specific bacterial microbiota.

scholarly journals V(D)J recombination: signal and coding joint resolution are uncoupled and depend on parallel synapsis of the sites.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Sheehan ◽  
M R Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
A Site ◽  
Joint Resolution

V(D)J recombination in lymphoid cells is a site-specific process in which the activity of the recombinase enzyme is targeted to signal sequences flanking the coding elements of antigen receptor genes. The order of the steps in this reaction and their mechanistic interdependence are important to the understanding of how the reaction fails and thereby contributes to genomic instability in lymphoid cells. The products of the normal reaction are recombinant joints linking the coding sequences of the receptor genes and, reciprocally, the signal ends. Extrachromosomal substrate molecules were modified to inhibit the physical synapsis of the recombination signals. In this way, it has been possible to assess how inhibiting the formation of one joint affects the resolution efficiency of the other. Our results indicate that signal joint and coding joint formation are resolved independently in that they can be uncoupled from each other. We also find that signal synapsis is critical for the generation of recombinant products, which greatly restricts the degree of potential single-site cutting that might otherwise occur in the genome. Finally, inversion substrates manifest synaptic inhibition at much longer distances than do deletion substrates, suggesting that a parallel rather than an antiparallel alignment of the signals is required during synapsis. These observations are important for understanding the interaction of V(D)J signals with the recombinase. Moreover, the role of signal synapsis in regulating recombinase activity has significant implications for genome stability regarding the frequency of recombinase-mediated chromosomal translocations.

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

Role of histidine 64 in the catalytic mechanism of human carbonic anhydrase II studied with a site-specific mutant

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 7913-7918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chingkuang Tu ◽  
David N. Silverman ◽  
Cecilia Forsman ◽  
Bengt Harald Jonsson ◽  
Sven Lindskog
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Human Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals The role of the gustatory cortex in incidental experience-evoked enhancement of later taste learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica L. Flores ◽  
Tamar Parmet ◽  
Narendra Mukherjee ◽  
Sacha Nelson ◽  
Donald B. Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Gene ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Gustatory Cortex ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Incidental Exposure ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
A Site ◽  
Full Day

ABSTRACTThe strength of learned associations between pairs of stimuli is affected by multiple factors, the most extensively studied of which is prior experience with the stimuli themselves. In contrast, little data is available regarding how experience with incidental stimuli (independent of any conditioning situation) impacts later learning. This lack of research is striking given the importance of incidental experience to survival. We have recently begun to fill this void using conditioned taste aversion (CTA), wherein an animal learns to avoid a taste that has been associated with malaise. We previously demonstrated that incidental exposure to salty and sour tastes (taste pre-exposure—TPE) enhances aversions learned later to sucrose. Here, we investigate the neurobiology underlying this phenomenon. First, we use immediate early gene (c-Fos) expression to identify gustatory cortex (GC) as a site at which TPE specifically increases the neural activation caused by taste-malaise pairing (i.e., TPE did not change c-Fos induced by either stimulus in isolation). Next, we use site-specific infection with the optical silencer Archaerhodopsin-T to show that GC inactivation during TPE inhibits the expected enhancements of both learning and CTA-related c-Fos expression, a full day later. Thus, we conclude that GC is almost certainly a vital part of the circuit that integrates incidental experience into later associative learning.

Fungal infection after keratoplasty and the role of antifungal supplementation to storage solution: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarika Thareja ◽  
Regis Kowalski ◽  
Roheena Kamyar ◽  
Deepinder Dhaliwal ◽  
Bennie H Jeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Eye Banking ◽  
Eye Banks ◽  
Corneal Toxicity ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Corneal Storage ◽  
Storage Solution

Fungal infection after corneal transplantation is a rare, yet potentially devastating, postoperative complication and has become a growing concern for the transplant surgeon and eye banking community. The Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) has reported an increasing trend in the rate of postkeratoplasty fungal infections and a reversal in the previously documented predominance of bacterial over fungal infections. Additionally, several studies have confirmed a high correlation between positive corneoscleral donor rim fungal cultures and postoperative infections. Optisol GS (Bausch & Lomb, Irvine, California, USA), the most extensively used corneal storage solution in US eye banks, does not currently contain any antifungal supplementation. Although large randomised control trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of routine antifungal supplementation to corneal storage solution are lacking, several investigative studies have assessed the role of antifungal agents in reducing fungal contamination of donor corneas without causing undue corneal toxicity. This review will present the current epidemiology of postkeratoplasty fungal infections and evidence for obtaining routine fungal rim cultures and antifungal supplementation of storage solution.

Walking the forest imaginary: A breath between us

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Poitras Santos
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
A Site ◽  
Ancient Exchange ◽  
Present Role

Walking the forest imaginary: a breath between us is a site-specific audio artwork that invites the audience to walk into the forest imaginary populated by things magical and unseen. Crafted uniquely in response to Alingsås Nolhaga Park, and using cues in the landscape as guides to research and poetic inscription, the artwork consists of an approximately one-hour walk with audio listening points throughout the park. Audio is accessed digitally through QR codes posted on pre-existing pathways and listened to with individual headphones. Wandering pathways through the woods, participants listen to a hybrid essay that explores the alternate spaces and time scales of the miniature worlds of moss. Focusing on the ancient and present role of bryophytes in creating oxygen and storing carbon, and helping to keep our ecosystem in balance, the work considers this ancient exchange as a form of dialogue.

The role of cell boundary orientation on mechanical behavior: a site-specific micro-pillar characterization study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102154
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Baolong Zheng ◽  
Kehang Yu ◽  
Sen Jiang ◽  
Enrique J. Lavernia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cell Boundary ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Boundary Orientation ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
A Site

Experimenting with Sociology: A View from the Outlook Tower

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bates
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
British Sociology

This paper describes a site-specific sociological experiment and looks back at the history of British sociology from the Outlook Tower in Edinburgh. It considers the role of technological innovation in observation, and explores how attention is guided through two exercises in sensory attunement; augmented listening and telescopic looking. Reconfiguring the observer through different technologies and devices, the paper questions what it means to listen and to look, and highlights how our sociological outlook is deeply ethical and historical.

Visualizing Play: A Case Study of a Camera Phone Game for Playful Re-imaginings of Place

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
Camera Phone ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
Critical Cartography ◽  
Mobile Water ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

This article explores the unofficial role of camera phone practices in visualizing everyday forms of play as part of emergent urban cartographies. I argue that camera phone practices—especially in an age of timestamping—are creating their own cartographies of place that overlay the visual with the ambient, social with the geographic, emotional with the electronic, in new ways. By focusing upon the playful qualities of camera phone practices, we can begin to understand places as sites for ambient meandering and co-presence. Having outlined the notion of performative cartography as part of what has been defined as “critical cartography,” I consider how camera phone practices can be understood through ambient, co-present play. I turn to a site-specific mobile game, keitai mizu (mobile water), made for a post-Tokyo tsunami and Fukushima disaster context (known as 3/11), to explore the ways in which cartography can be performed.

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