scholarly journals Immunosuppression of anti-sheep erythrocyte responses by glycerol teichoic acid immune complexes

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
R W Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies ◽  
Antigenic Competition

Sprague-Dawley rats which produce "naturally occurring" antibodies to glycerol teichoic acid (GTA) displayed immunosuppression of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell and serum antibody responses when a single dose of lipid-free GTA was administered 24 h before immunization. Such suppression was enhanced by administering GTA complexed with anti-GTA immunoglobulin G. Animals fed a GTA-free diet produced no anti-GTA immunoglobulins and failed to show GTA-mediated immunosuppression under similar experimental conditions. However, when those animals were given GTA-anti-GTA complexes, suppression was evident. The results suggested antigenic competition mediated by immune complex-activated suppressor T cells. Lipid-free GTA did not stimulate serum antibody responses under the experimental conditions employed.

Functional genomics of the rat neuromedin U receptor 1 reveals a naturally occurring deleterious allele

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Panetta ◽  
Luc Meury ◽  
Chang Qing Cao ◽  
Carole Puma ◽  
Françoise Mennicken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Nociceptive Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Neuromedin U (NMU) plays an important role in a number of physiological processes, but the relative contribution of its two known receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, is still poorly understood. Here we report the existence of a SNP T1022→A (Val341→Glu) in the third exon of the rat Nmur1 gene that leads to an inactive receptor. This SNP is present within the coding region of the highly conserved NPXXY motif found within all class A type G protein-coupled receptors and translates to an NMUR1 receptor that is not expressed on the cell surface. Genetic analysis of the Nmur1 gene in a population of Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that this strain is highly heterogeneous for the inactivating polymorphism. The loss of functional NMUR1 receptors in Sprague-Dawley rats homozygous for the inactive allele was confirmed by radioligand binding studies on native tissue expressing NMUR1. The physiological relevance of this functional genomics finding was examined in two nociceptive response models. The pronociceptive effects of NMU were abolished in rats lacking functional NMUR1 receptors. The existence of naturally occurring NMUR1-deficient rats provides a novel and powerful tool to investigate the physiological role of NMU and its receptors. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of verifying the NMUR1 single nucleotide polymorphism status for rats used in physiological, pharmacological or toxicological studies conducted with NMUR1 modulators.

scholarly journals Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIV toxin antibody in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs inoculated under experimental conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy González ◽  
Luis G. Giménez-Lirola ◽  
Ashley Holmes ◽  
Sergio Lizano ◽  
Christa Goodell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroduction:The prevention and control ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein commercial production settings is based on serological monitoring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect specific antibodies against a variety ofA. pleuropneumoniaeantigens, including long-chain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the ApxIV toxin, a repeats-in-toxin (RTX) exotoxin unique toA. pleuropneumoniaeand produced by all serovars. The objective of this study was to describe ApxIV antibody responses in serum and oral fluid of pigs.Material and Methods:Four groups of pigs (six pigs per group) were inoculated withA. pleuropneumoniaeserovars 1, 5, 7, or 12. Weekly serum samples and daily oral fluid samples were collected from individual pigs for 56 days post inoculation (DPI) and tested by LPS and ApxIV ELISAs. The ApxIV ELISA was run in three formats to detect immunlgobulins M, G, and A (IgM, IgG and IgA) while the LPS ELISA detected only IgG.Results:All pigs inoculated withA. pleuropneumoniaeserovars 1 and 7 were LPS ELISA serum antibody positive from DPI 14 to 56. A transient and weak LPS ELISA antibody response was observed in pigs inoculated with serovar 5 and a single antibody positive pig was observed in serovar 12 at ≥35 DPI. Notably, ApxIV serum and oral fluid antibody responses in pig inoculated with serovars 1 and 7 reflected the patterns observed for LPS antibody, albeit with a 14 to 21 day delay.Conclusion:This work suggests that ELISAs based on ApxIV antibody detection in oral fluid samples could be effective in population monitoring forA. pleuropneumoniae.

scholarly journals High Prevalence Of Antibody Response Against Plasmodium Falciparum (Pf) Antigens In A Holoendemic Area Of Benin (1994-1995)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
S. Judith Gbenoudon Satoguina ◽  
Clemens H. Cocken ◽  
Alan W. Thomas ◽  
Jean Langhorne ◽  
Ambaliou Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Competition Elisa ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies ◽  
Very High

The present study aimed at measuring the capacity of naturally occurring antibodies to bind Pf83/AMA-1 and MSP-1/19 antigens, two malaria vaccine candidates, in an immunoassay. According to the fact that antibody prevalence reflects endemicity of malaria, we further aimed at using the results obtained here as baseline data set to follow up and evaluate the expected decline in endemicity in 2016, 8 years after the change in drug policy in Benin. Therefore, individuals, 2 – 19 and above 20 years old, living in Awansori, a malaria holoendemic area in the suburb of Cotonou, Benin were bled during the dry and raining seasons of the years 1994/1995. Antibody responses were measured using direct, indirect and competition ELISA. We found a very high prevalence of antibody responses (89 to 96%) in the studied population. The results indicate for Pf83/AMA-1, that naturally occurring antibodies bind to protective epitopes in a competition ELISA with a parasite inhibiting monoclonal antibody. The data and samples analysed here were collected during the rainy season 1994 and the following dry season 1994/1995.

Serum Antibody Titers in Rats Receiving Repeated Small Subcutaneous Injections of Hemoglobin or Polyhemoglobin: A Preliminary Report

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Hertzman ◽  
P.E. Keipert ◽  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antibody Titers

Cross-linking hemoglobin (Hb) into Polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) for use as an artificial blood substitute may affect its antigenicity. To investigate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats are immunized with one of the following: rat stroma-free Hb (rSFHb), rat PolyHb (rPolyHb), human stroma-free Hb (hSFHb), and human PolyHb (hPolyHb). Antibody titers are quantified using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. These results show that more antibodies are produced to hPolyHb than to hSFHb, whereas rSFHB and rPolyHb are relatively non-antigenic. Thus, under homologous conditions, cross-linking hemoglobin does not significantly increase its antigenicity, whereas under heterologous conditions the molecule becomes more antigenic.

scholarly journals CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MICE

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
G. Cudkowicz ◽  
Mary St. James Connell ◽  
R. L. Priore
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Antibody Class

Spleen cell suspensions of unprimed donor mice containing precursors of immunocytes have been transplanted into X-irradiated recipient mice. In the presence of antigen (sheep erythrocytes) these precursors, called antigen-sensitive units, gave rise to progeny cells secreting specific antibody. We studied quantitatively the production of cells releasing IgM hemolysins (direct plaque-forming cells), IgG hemolysins (indirect plaque-forming cells), and hemagglutinins (cluster-forming cells). We found that each of these immunocyte populations was distinct, i.e., that cells releasing agglutinins did not, as a rule, release hemolysins, and vice versa. We also found that cell populations secreting IgM hemolysins did not shift, under certain experimental conditions, to the production of IgG hemolysins during the primary immune response. By transplanting graded numbers of spleen cells, we succeeded in limiting to one or a few the number of antigen-sensitive units that reached the recipient spleen. We estimated thereby the frequency of antigen-sensitive units in donor cell suspensions and tested their potential for production of immunocytes of more than one type. Our results indicated that antigen-sensitive units were unipotent for they displayed in the spleens of unprimed donors the same restrictions of function and heterogeneity (antibody-specificity differentiation, antibody-class differentiation) found among antibody-forming cells. Furthermore, antigen-sensitive precursors for direct plaque-forming cells, indirect plaque-forming cells, and cluster-forming cells were detected in the spleens of unprimed mice in different frequencies, i.e., 1 in ∼ 106, 1 in ∼ 7 x 106, and 1 in ∼ 19 x 106 spleen cells, respectively. We concluded that relatively advanced differentiation of potentially competent cells occurs before sheep erythrocyte administration. The relevance of this finding for the broad spectrum of immunologic reactivities and for the heterogeneity of antibody responses to given antigens was discussed.

Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Cisplatin in Rats Using SOS Chromotest

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sang-Jun Lee ◽  
Jang-Hyun Hur ◽  
Byung-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Sos Response ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biomarker Of Exposure ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Current Screening

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a potent antitumor drug used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. The purpose of the present study was to establish screening biomarker of exposure to CDDP using SOS chromotest. The ultimate goal of this screen is to facilitate the choice of an effective drug and the prognosis of the therapy. In the current screening protocol, the SOS chromotests were performed on the urine of Sprague-Dawley rats administered intravenously with CDDP. Urine samples were collected individually in the metabolic cage at 6 (U0–6) and 12 hours (U6–12) after treatment and were tested their DNA damaging effects. The urine samples obtained from the rats administered with 1 mg/kg CDDP did not induce SOS response in our experimental conditions. At a dose of 5 mg/kg, two out of five rat showed more than 50% increase in the DNA damaging effect compared to that of the control. The genotoxic effect was observed only in the U0–6, whereas the U6–12 were not genotoxic but cytotoxic to the test strain. Similar results were obtained at a dose of 10 mg/kg: 5 out of 10 rats showed SOS response and the U6–12 were also proven to be cytotoxic. These results suggest that the method presented in this study could be used as a biomarker of exposure to CDDP.

scholarly journals Genotoxic Effects of Aluminum Chloride and Their Relationship with N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU)-Induced Breast Cancer in Sprague Dawley Rats

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alejandro Monserrat García-Alegría ◽  
Agustín Gómez-Álvarez ◽  
Iván Anduro-Corona ◽  
Armando Burgos-Hernández ◽  
Eduardo Ruíz-Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Recently, soluble forms of aluminum for human use or consumption have been determined to be potentially toxic due to their association with hepatic, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, and bone conditions. This study aims to assess the genotoxic effect of aluminum chloride on genomic instability associated with the onset of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced breast cancer in Sprague Dawley rats. The dietary behavior of the rats was assessed, and the concentration of aluminum in the mammary glands was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Genomic instability was determined in the histological sections of mammary glands stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Moreover, micronucleus in peripheral blood and comet assays were performed. The results of dietary behavior evaluation indicated no significant differences between the experimental treatments. However, aluminum concentration in breast tissues was high in the +2000Al/−NMU treatment. This experimental treatment caused moderate intraductal cell proliferation, lymph node hyperplasia, and serous gland adenoma. Furthermore, micronucleus and comet test results revealed that +2000Al/−NMU led to a genotoxic effect after a 10-day exposure and the damage was more evident after a 15-day exposure. Therefore, in conclusion, genomic instability is present and the experimental conditions assessed are not associated with breast cancer.

Methyl-Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) — a Gasoline Additive — Causes Testicular and Lympho Haematopoietic Cancers in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Belpoggi ◽  
Morando Soffritti ◽  
Cesare Maltoni
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In the framework of a series of experiments conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of oxygenated gasoline additives, MTBE was analyzed in an oral lifetime carcinogenicity study using 8-week-old male and female Sprague- Dawley rats. These experiments were part of a large research project on gasoline carcinogenicity performed at the Bentivoglio (BT) Castle Cancer Research Center of the Ramazzini Foundation and of the Bologna Institute of Oncology. MTBE, dissolved in oil, was administered by stomach tube at the doses of 1000, 250, or 0 mg/kg b.w., once daily, four days weekly, for 104 weeks. The animals were maintained until natural death. The last animal died 166 weeks after the start of the experiment, i.e., at 174 weeks of age. Under the tested experimental conditions, MTBE was shown to cause an increase in Leydig interstitial cell tumors of the testes and a dose-related increase in lymphomas and leukemias in female rats.

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