scholarly journals Nine-Year Longitudinal Study of Antibodies to Variant Antigens on the Surface of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 4092-4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider A. Giha ◽  
Trine Staalsoe ◽  
Daniel Dodoo ◽  
Ibrahim M. Elhassan ◽  
Cally Roper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Erythrocyte Surface ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Eastern Sudan

ABSTRACT PfEMP1 is an antigenically variable molecule which mediates the adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes to a variety of cell types and which is believed to constitute an important target for naturally acquired protective immune responses in malaria. For 9 years we have monitored individuals living in an area of low-intensity, seasonal, and unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan, and we have used this database to study the acquisition, specificity, and duration of the antibody response to variant parasitized erythrocyte surface antigens. Both the levels and the spectrum of reactivity of these antibodies varied considerably among individuals, ranging from low levels of antibodies recognizing only few parasitized erythrocyte surface antigens to high levels of broad-specificity antibodies. In general, episodes of clinical malaria were associated with increases in the levels of parasitized erythrocyte surface-specific antibodies that subsided within months of the attack. This response was often, but not always, specific for the antigenic variants expressed by the parasite isolate causing disease. Our study provides evidence thatPalciparum falciparum malaria is associated with a short-lived, variant-specific antibody response to PfEMP1-like antigens exposed on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes. Furthermore, our data suggest that the antigenic repertoires of variant antigens expressed by different parasite isolates show considerable overlapping, at least under Sahelian conditions of low-intensity, seasonal, and unstable malaria transmission. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of persistent differences among individuals in the capacity to mount antibody responses to variant surface antigens.

scholarly journals Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors of Plasmodium falciparum

2000 ◽  
Vol 192 (11) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandra S. Naik ◽  
OraLee H. Branch ◽  
Amina S. Woods ◽  
Matam Vijaykumar ◽  
Douglas J. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Induction of proinflammatory cytokine responses by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum is believed to contribute to malaria pathogenesis. In this study, we purified the GPIs of P. falciparum to homogeneity and determined their structures by biochemical degradations and mass spectrometry. The parasite GPIs differ from those of the host in that they contain palmitic (major) and myristic (minor) acids at C-2 of inositol, predominantly C18:0 and C18:1 at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively, and do not contain additional phosphoethanolamine substitution in their core glycan structures. The purified parasite GPIs can induce tumor necrosis factor α release from macrophages. We also report a new finding that adults who have resistance to clinical malaria contain high levels of persistent anti-GPI antibodies, whereas susceptible children lack or have low levels of short-lived antibody response. Individuals who were not exposed to the malaria parasite completely lack anti-GPI antibodies. Absence of a persistent anti-GPI antibody response correlated with malaria-specific anemia and fever, suggesting that anti-GPI antibodies provide protection against clinical malaria. The antibodies are mainly directed against the acylated phosphoinositol portion of GPIs. These results are likely to be valuable in studies aimed at the evaluation of chemically defined structures for toxicity versus immunogenicity with implications for the development of GPI-based therapies or vaccines.

scholarly journals The antibody response to specific immune complexes is under genetic control and correlates with the expression of a recurrent idiotype.

1986 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Caulfield ◽  
K J Luce ◽  
D Shaffer ◽  
J P Lake
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Responders

The primary antigen-specific antibody response of various strains of mice to TEPC-15/PnC immune complexes has been examined. We found that both BALB/c and C3H mice were good responders to the PnC antigen; however, C3H mice were low responders, whereas BALB/c mice were high responders to the TEPC-15/PnC complexes. Using congenic strains on the C3H and BALB/c background, we have shown that the response to the complexes is not restricted by gene products of the H-2 complex or by the Igh (allotype) locus. However, responsiveness may be controlled by genes linked to the Igh locus, since we have shown that strains that are Ighj, Ighd, and Ighf are low responders, whereas strains that are Igha, Ighb, and Ighe are high responders to the immune complex. Moreover, responsiveness correlates with the expression of the T15 Id as measured using the anti-T15 monoclonal antibody, AB1-2. Thus, strains such as BALB/c, BALB.B, BALB.K, and CB-20, which express high levels of T15 (AB1-2) Id in their PFC response to PnC are relatively high responders to TEPC-15/PnC complexes, whereas C3H, C3H.SW, and C3H-OH, which express low levels of the T15 (AB1-2) Id, are low responders to the complexes. Finally, we found that BALB/c mice are high responders to complexes formed with T15+ antibodies, whereas they are low responders to complexes formed using T15- antibodies. The results suggest that the antigen-specific response to these immune complexes is Id-restricted.

scholarly journals Restricted or absent immune responses in human populations to Plasmodium falciparum gamete antigens that are targets of malaria transmission-blocking antibodies.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Carter ◽  
P M Graves ◽  
I A Quakyi ◽  
M F Good
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

We have studied the antibodies to sexual stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in human sera from Papua New Guinea where intense transmission of P. falciparum occurs as well as the less prevalent P. malariae and P. vivax. In extracts of gametes of P. falciparum we have studied the reactivity of serum antibodies with antigens labeled with 125I on the surface of the gametes as well as intracellular gamete antigens. A prominent 27-kD sexual stage-specific intracellular protein was recognized more or less in proportion to the general antibody response to gamete proteins. The response to the gamete surface proteins, however, was quite unrepresentative of the general antibody response to the intracellular gamete proteins. No antibodies were detected against Pfs25, a 21-kD protein expressed on zygotes and ookinetes of P. falciparum and known to be a sensitive target of malaria transmission-blocking antibodies. The antibody response to two other target antigens of transmission-blocking antibodies on the surface of gametes of P. falciparum, a 230- and a 48- and 45-kD protein doublet, was very variable and independent of the response to the internal protein antigens. Several possibilities are discussed that may account for the variable response to these gamete surface antigens in individuals with otherwise good antibody responses to internal sexual stage proteins. Among these is the possibility that there is MHC restriction of the immune response to the gamete surface antigens in the human population. This interpretation accords well with evidence for MHC-restricted immune response to the same P. falciparum gamete surface antigens in studies with H-2 congenic mice (24).

Processing Immunoperoxidase Labeled Cell Monolayers and Cryostat Sesctions For Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 714-715
Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
R. Van de Velde ◽  
I.P. Shintaku ◽  
A.F. Sassoon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Reaction Step ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Glass Slides

Immunoelectron microscopy of neoplastic lymphoma cells is valuable for precise localization of surface antigens and identification of cell types. We have developed a new approach in which the immunohistochemical staining can be evaluated prior to embedding for EM and desired area subsequently selected for ultrathin sectioning.A freshly prepared lymphoma cell suspension is spun onto polylysine hydrobromide- coated glass slides by cytocentrifugation and immediately fixed without air drying in polylysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative. After rinsing in PBS, slides are stained by a 3-step immunoperoxidase method. Cell monolayer is then fixed in buffered 3% glutaraldehyde prior to DAB reaction. After the DAB reaction step, wet monolayers can be examined under LM for presence of brown reaction product and selected monolayers then processed by routine methods for EM and embedded with the Chien Re-embedding Mold. After the polymerization, the epoxy blocks are easily separated from the glass slides by heatingon a 100°C hot plate for 20 seconds.

scholarly journals Platelet and Erythrocyte Extravasation across Inflamed Corneal Venules Depend on CD18, Neutrophils and Mast Cell Degranulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7360
Author(s):  
Angie De La Cruz ◽  
Aubrey Hargrave ◽  
Sri Magadi ◽  
Justin A. Courson ◽  
Paul T. Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Corneal Abrasion ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Endothelial Pores

Platelet extravasation during inflammation is under-appreciated. In wild-type (WT) mice, a central corneal epithelial abrasion initiates neutrophil (PMN) and platelet extravasation from peripheral limbal venules. The same injury in mice expressing low levels of the β2-integrin, CD18 (CD18hypo mice) shows reduced platelet extravasation with PMN extravasation apparently unaffected. To better define the role of CD18 on platelet extravasation, we focused on two relevant cell types expressing CD18: PMNs and mast cells. Following corneal abrasion in WT mice, we observed not only extravasated PMNs and platelets but also extravasated erythrocytes (RBCs). Ultrastructural observations of engorged limbal venules showed platelets and RBCs passing through endothelial pores. In contrast, injured CD18hypo mice showed significantly less venule engorgement and markedly reduced platelet and RBC extravasation; mast cell degranulation was also reduced compared to WT mice. Corneal abrasion in mast cell-deficient (KitW-sh/W-sh) mice showed less venule engorgement, delayed PMN extravasation, reduced platelet and RBC extravasation and delayed wound healing compared to WT mice. Finally, antibody-induced depletion of circulating PMNs prior to corneal abrasion reduced mast cell degranulation, venule engorgement, and extravasation of PMNs, platelets, and RBCs. In summary, in the injured cornea, platelet and RBC extravasation depends on CD18, PMNs, and mast cell degranulation.

Low Levels of Antibodies to Surface Antigens of Group B Streptococci in Commercial IgG Preparations

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viveka Lindén ◽  
Karen Kvist Christensen ◽  
Poul Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Whole Transcriptome Profiling Identifies CD93 and Other Plasma Cell Survival Factor Genes Associated with Measles-Specific Antibody Response after Vaccination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0160970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana H. Haralambieva ◽  
Michael T. Zimmermann ◽  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Diane E. Grill ◽  
Ann L. Oberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Cell Survival Factor

Temporal Dynamics of Malaria Transmission in Two Rural Areas of Burkina Faso With Two Ecological Differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilboudo-Sanogo Edith ◽  
Tiono B. Alfred ◽  
Sagnon N′falé ◽  
Cuzin Ouattara Nadine ◽  
Nébié Issa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Malaria Transmission Intensity

Abstract To determine the relationship between malaria transmission intensity, clinical malaria, immune response, plasmodic index, and to furthermore characterize a malaria vaccine trial site for potential malaria vaccines candidate testing, a study was conducted in Tensobtenga and Balonguen, two villages in Burkina Faso characterized by different malaria transmission levels. The study villages are located in a Sudan savanna area. Malaria transmission is seasonal and peaks in September in these villages. Tensobtenga and Balonguen are comparables in all aspects, except the presence of an artificial lake and wetlands in Tensobtenga. The mosquitoes sampling sites were randomly selected, taking into consideration the number of potential breeding sites, and the number of households in each village. Three times a week during 12 mo mosquitoes were collected by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention light traps in sentinel sites. To assess the infectivity the mosquitoes double ELISAs tests were performed on thoraces of female Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Giles) and Anopheles funestus. A total of 54,392 female Anopheles, representing 92.71% of the total mosquitoes, were collected. The peaks of aggressiveness because of either An. gambiae s.l. or An. funestus were observed in September in each of the villages. However, these peaks were lower in Balonguen compared with Tensobtenga. Malaria cumulative aggressiveness and transmission intensity because of both species peaked in September in each of the two villages, with lower values in Balonguen in comparison to Tensobtenga. From February to May, malaria transmission intensity is negligible in Balonguen and <1 bite/person/mo is observed in Tensobtenga. These results have confirmed the marked seasonality of malaria transmission in the study area.

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