scholarly journals Cell Wall Carbohydrate Compositions of Strains from the Bacillus cereus Group of Species Correlate with Phylogenetic Relatedness

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Leoff ◽  
Elke Saile ◽  
David Sue ◽  
Patricia Wilkins ◽  
Conrad P. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates ◽  
Clade 1

ABSTRACT Members of the Bacillus cereus group contain cell wall carbohydrates that vary in their glycosyl compositions. Recent multilocus sequence typing (MLST) refined the relatedness of B. cereus group members by separating them into clades and lineages. Based on MLST, we selected several B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis strains and compared their cell wall carbohydrates. The cell walls of different B. anthracis strains (clade 1/Anthracis) were composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), N-acetyl mannosamine (ManNAc), and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). In contrast, the cell walls from clade 2 strains (B. cereus type strain ATCC 14579 and B. thuringiensis strains) lacked Gal and contained N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). The B. cereus clade 1 strains had cell walls that were similar in composition to B. anthracis in that they all contained Gal. However, the cell walls from some clade 1 strains also contained GalNAc, which was not present in B. anthracis cell walls. Three recently identified clade 1 strains of B. cereus that caused severe pneumonia, i.e., strains 03BB102, 03BB87, and G9241, had cell wall compositions that closely resembled those of the B. anthracis strains. It was also observed that B. anthracis strains cell wall glycosyl compositions differed from one another in a plasmid-dependent manner. When plasmid pXO2 was absent, the ManNAc/Gal ratio decreased, while the Glc/Gal ratio increased. Also, deletion of atxA, a global regulatory gene, from a pXO2− strain resulted in cell walls with an even greater level of Glc.

scholarly journals Characterization of PlyB221 and PlyP32, Two Novel Endolysins Encoded by Phages Preying on the Bacillus cereus Group

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Audrey Leprince ◽  
Manon Nuytten ◽  
Annika Gillis ◽  
Jacques Mahillon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Cell Wall Binding ◽  
Wide Range

Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes implicated in the breaching of the bacterial cell wall at the end of the viral cycle. This study focuses on the endolysins of Deep-Blue (PlyB221) and Deep-Purple (PlyP32), two phages preying on the Bacillus cereus group. Both enzymes exhibit a typical modular organization with an enzymatically active domain (EAD) located in the N-terminal and a cell wall binding domain (CBD) in the C-terminal part of the protein. In silico analysis indicated that the EAD domains of PlyB221 and PlyP32 are endowed with peptidase and muramidase activities, respectively, whereas in both proteins SH3 domains are involved in the CBD. To evaluate their antimicrobial properties and binding specificity, both endolysins were expressed and purified. PlyB221 and PlyP32 efficiently recognized and lysed all the tested strains from the B. cereus group. Biochemical characterization showed that PlyB221 activity was stable under a wide range of pHs (5–9), NaCl concentrations (up to 200 mM), and temperature treatments (up to 50 °C). Although PlyP32 activity was less stable than that of PlyB221, the endolysin displayed high activity at pH 6–7, NaCl concentration up to 100 mM and the temperature treatment up to 45 °C. Overall, PlyB221 and PlyP32 display suitable characteristics for the development of biocontrol and detection tools.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Host Range of Tectiviruses among Members of the Bacillus cereus Group

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 4138-4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Gillis ◽  
Jacques Mahillon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group Members

ABSTRACTGIL01, Bam35, GIL16, AP50, and Wip1 are tectiviruses preying on theBacillus cereusgroup. Despite the significant contributions of phages in different biological processes, little is known about the dealings taking place between tectiviruses and their Gram-positive bacterial hosts. Therefore, this work focuses on characterizing the interactions between tectiviruses and theB. cereusgroup by assessing their occurrence and genetic diversity and evaluating their host range. To study the occurrence of tectiviruses in theB. cereusgroup, 2,000 isolates were evaluated using primers designed to be specific to two variable regions detected in previously described elements. PCR and propagation tests revealed that tectivirus-like elements occurred in less than 3% of the isolates. Regardless of this limited distribution, several novel tectiviruses were found, and partial DNA sequencing indicated that a greater diversity exists within the familyTectiviridae. Analyses of the selected variable regions, along with their host range, showed that tectiviruses in theB. cereusgroup can be clustered mainly into two different groups: the ones infectingB. anthracisand those isolated from otherB. cereusgroup members. In order to address the host range of some novel tectiviruses, 120 strains were tested for sensitivity. The results showed that all the tested tectiviruses produced lysis in at least oneB. cereus sensu latostrain. Moreover, no simple relationship between the infection patterns of the tectiviruses and their diversity was found.

CELL WALL CARBOHYDRATES OF ARTHROBACTER GLOBIFORMIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates ◽  
Pleomorphic Cells ◽  
Galactose Content

A quantitative study was undertaken to characterize the cell walls of Arthrobacter globiformis. Varying amounts of galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and muramic acid were found, depending on the strain of the organism, the growth medium, and the stage of growth of the cells. The data indicated that walls obtained from pleomorphic cells are less highly polymerized than are those obtained from coccoid cells. Examination of isolated wall polysaccharide showed a wide variation in the galactose content.

scholarly journals Discrimination of the Bacillus cereus Group Members by Pattern Analysis of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITSUKO KUWANA ◽  
DAISUKE IMAMURA ◽  
HIROMU TAKAMATSU ◽  
KAZUHITO WATABE
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Dna Pcr

scholarly journals A study of the carbohydrates in the cell walls of some species of the Entomophthorales

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoddinott ◽  
O. A. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates

The cell walls of some members of the Entomophthorales were isolated and analyzed for their carbohydrate composition. Genera were found to differ qualitatively, while the species of Entomophthora differed only quantitatively. Among the differences, the glucose–mannose ratio emerged as the most useful taxonomic criterion. Differences in cell wall carbohydrate composition paralleled differences in lipid composition previously reported in species of Entomophthora. Because of the absence of chitosan, the Entomophthorales should not be grouped with the Mucorales on the basis of their cell wall carbohydrates, but should form a new group of chitin–glucan fungi.

Germination and outgrowth of spores of Bacillus cereus group members: Diversity and role of germinant receptors

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjakko Abee ◽  
Masja Nierop Groot ◽  
Marcel Tempelaars ◽  
Marcel Zwietering ◽  
Roy Moezelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Group Members

Thickened cell walls of Bacillus cereus grown in the presence of chloramphenicol: their fate during cell growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Thickened Wall

Bacillus cereus incubated for 4 h in a synthetic medium containing chloramphenicol was observed to form cell walls 2 to 3 times as thick as those from control cells growing in the same medium containing no antibiotic. Then the cells were washed and reincubated in fresh synthetic medium and the ultra-structural changes in the thickened walls during cell growth and elongation were examined by electron microscopy. After incubation for 20 min, multiple ruptured sites and internal fractures appeared randomly on the surface of the thickened cell wall. Large and small pieces of thickened wall fragments soon "peeled off" from the surface, leaving behind a deeper layer of wall material. Normal cell growth and elongation resumed after partial removal of the thickened cell wall. After several generations, thickened wall fragments were not observed on the surface of daughter cells.

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