scholarly journals Complete Biosynthetic Pathway of the C50Carotenoid Bacterioruberin from Lycopene in the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula japonica

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yang ◽  
Rie Yatsunami ◽  
Ai Ando ◽  
Nobuhiro Miyoko ◽  
Toshiaki Fukui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Haloarcula Japonica ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTHaloarcula japonica, an extremely halophilic archaeon that requires high concentrations of NaCl for growth, accumulates the C50carotenoid bacterioruberin (BR). By homology analysis, a gene cluster, includingc0507,c0506, andc0505, was found and predicted to be involved in the synthesis of bacterioruberin. To elucidate the function of the encoded enzymes, we constructedHa. japonicamutants of these genes and analyzed carotenoids produced by the mutants. Our research showed thatc0507,c0506, andc0505encoded a carotenoid 3,4-desaturase (CrtD), a bifunctional lycopene elongase and 1,2-hydratase (LyeJ), and a C50carotenoid 2″,3″-hydratase (CruF), respectively. The above three carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes catalyze the reactions that convert lycopene to bacterioruberin inHa. japonica. This is the first identification of functional CrtD and CruF in archaea and elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of bacterioruberin from lycopene.IMPORTANCEHaloarcula japonica, an extremely halophilic archaeon, accumulates the C50carotenoid bacterioruberin (BR). In this study, we have identified three BR biosynthetic enzymes and have elucidated their functions. Among them, two enzymes were found in an archaeon for the first time. Our results revealed the biosynthetic pathway responsible for production of BR inHa. japonicaand provide a basis for investigating carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in other extremely halophilic archaea. Elucidation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway inHa. japonicamay also prove useful for producing the C50carotenoid BR efficiently by employing genetically modified haloarchaeal strains.

Halopiger salifodinae sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt mine

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3563-3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
Xu-Fen Zhu ◽  
Min Wu
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Sulfated Glycolipid ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

A novel extremely halophilic archaeon KCY07-B2T was isolated from a salt mine in Kuche county, Xinjiang province, China. Colonies were cream-pigmented and cells were pleomorphic rod-shaped. Strain KCY07-B2T was able to grow at 25–50 °C (optimum 37–45 °C) and pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0). The strain required at least 1.9 M NaCl for growth. MgCl2 was not required. Cells lysed in distilled water. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, derived from both C20C20 and C20C25 glycerol diethers, together with five glyolipids. The bis-sulfated glycolipid S2-DGD-1 was present. The DNA G+C content was 62.5 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KCY07-B2T was closely related to Halopiger xanaduensis SH-6T and Halopiger aswanensis 56T (95.8 % and 95.5 % similarity, respectively). On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain KCY07-B2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halopiger , for which the name Halopiger salifodinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KCY07-B2T ( = JCM 18547T = CGMCC 1.12284T).

scholarly journals Methylomes of Two Extremely Halophilic Archaea Species, Haloarcula marismortui and Haloferax mediterranei

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiladitya DasSarma ◽  
Alexey Fomenkov ◽  
Satyajit L. DasSarma ◽  
Tamas Vincze ◽  
Priya DasSarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Haloarcula Marismortui ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Large Plasmids ◽  
Methyl Cytosine

ABSTRACT The genomes of two extremely halophilic Archaea species, Haloarcula marismortui and Haloferax mediterranei, were sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The ∼4-Mbp genomes are GC rich with multiple large plasmids and two 4-methyl-cytosine patterns. Methyl transferases were incorporated into the Restriction Enzymes Database (REBASE), and gene annotation was incorporated into the Haloarchaeal Genomes Database (HaloWeb).

Halopenitus malekzadehii sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3232-3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Amoozegar ◽  
Ali Makhdoumi-Kakhki ◽  
Maliheh Mehrshad ◽  
Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli ◽  
Antonio Ventosa
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Brine Sample ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon

Strain CC65T, a novel extremely halophilic archaeon, was isolated from a brine sample of a salt lake in Iran. The novel strain was light yellow-pigmented, non-motile, pleomorphic and required at least 1.7 M NaCl and 0.02 M MgCl2 for growth. Optimal growth was achieved at 3.5 M NaCl and 0.4 M MgCl2. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.5 and 40 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over a pH and a temperature range of pH 6.5–9.0 and 30–50 °C, respectively. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CC65T clustered with the sole member of the genus Halopenitus , Halopenitus persicus DC30T with a sequence similarity of 98.0 %. The polar lipid profile of strain CC65T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. An unidentified glycolipid and two minor phospholipids were also observed. The only quinone present was MK-8(II-H2). The DNA G+C content of strain CC65T was 63.8 mol%. On the basis of the biochemical and physiological characteristics, as well as DNA–DNA hybridization (44 % with Halopenitus persicus IBRC 10041T), strain CC65T is classified as a novel species of the genus Halopenitus , for which the name Halopenitus malekzadehii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC65T ( = IBRC-M 10418T = KCTC 4045T).

scholarly journals Genome Sequences and Methylation Patterns of Natrinema versiforme BOL5-4 and Natrinema pallidum BOL6-1, Two Extremely Halophilic Archaea from a Bolivian Salt Mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya DasSarma ◽  
Brian P. Anton ◽  
Satyajit L. DasSarma ◽  
Fabiana L. Martinez ◽  
Daniel Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genome Annotation ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Two extremely halophilic archaea, namely, Natrinema versiforme BOL5-4 and Natrinema pallidum BOL6-1, were isolated from a Bolivian salt mine and their genomes sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The GC-rich genomes of BOL5-4 and BOL6-1 were 4.6 and 3.8 Mbp, respectively, with large chromosomes and multiple megaplasmids. Genome annotation was incorporated into HaloWeb and methylation patterns incorporated into REBASE.

scholarly journals Identification of carotenoids from the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Yatsunami ◽  
Ai Ando ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shinichi Takaichi ◽  
Masahiro Kohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Haloarcula Japonica ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon

scholarly journals Novel Aminoglycoside-Tolerant Phoenix Colony Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Sindeldecker ◽  
Kelly Moore ◽  
Anthony Li ◽  
Daniel J. Wozniak ◽  
Matthew Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen and is known to produce biofilms. We previously showed the emergence of colony variants in the presence of tobramycin-loaded calcium sulfate beads. In this study, we characterized the variant colonies, which survived the antibiotic treatment, and identified three distinct phenotypes—classically resistant colonies, viable but nonculturable colonies (VBNC), and phoenix colonies. Phoenix colonies, described here for the first time, grow out of the zone of clearance of antibiotic-loaded beads from lawn biofilms while there are still very high concentrations of antibiotic present, suggesting an antibiotic-resistant phenotype. However, upon subculturing of these isolates, phoenix colonies return to wild-type levels of antibiotic susceptibility. Compared with the wild type, phoenix colonies are morphologically similar aside from a deficiency in green pigmentation. Phoenix colonies do not recapitulate the phenotype of any previously described mechanisms of resistance, tolerance, or persistence and, thus, form a novel group with their own phenotype. Growth under anaerobic conditions suggests that an alternative metabolism could lead to the formation of phoenix colonies. These findings suggest that phoenix colonies could emerge in response to antibiotic therapies and lead to recurrent or persistent infections, particularly within biofilms where microaerobic or anaerobic environments are present.

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