scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing Elucidates Epidemiology of Nosocomial Clusters of Acinetobacter baumannii

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2391-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Willems ◽  
Stefanie Kampmeier ◽  
Stefan Bletz ◽  
Annelene Kossow ◽  
Robin Köck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clonal Spread

We characterized two epidemiologically similarAcinetobacter baumanniiclusters from two separate intensive care units (ICU) using core genome multilocus sequence typing. Clonal spread was confirmed in ICU-1 (12 of 14 isolates shared genotypes); in ICU-2, all genotypes (13 isolates) were diverse, thus excluding transmissions and enabling adequate infection control measures.

Completely Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Mahgoub ◽  
Jimi Ahmed ◽  
Aaron E. Glatt
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Abstract Nosocomially acquired completely resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are a major clinical concern. We identified completely resistant A. baumannii in 6 (4.9%) of 122 A. baumannii isolates in a retrospective chart review at two teaching hospitals. All of these patients had received broad-spectrum antibiotics and had severe underlying comorbid illnesses, long hospitalizations, or recent surgical procedures; 3 had been in the intensive care unit. Five (83%) of the 6 patients were older than 70 years. Only one death occurred. Strict infection control measures may limit further spread.

scholarly journals 1255. First Outbreak Due to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Epidemic Clone ST796 in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S382-S383
Author(s):  
Nasstasja Wassilew ◽  
Eveline Rolli ◽  
Yvonne Fietze ◽  
Carlo Casanova ◽  
Helena Seth-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Group

Abstract Background A large outbreak with different clones of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) affected the Bern University Hospital group for several months. The aim of this study was to describe the extent of the outbreak, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods Triggered by two cases of VRE bloodstream infections on our hemato-oncology ward, an outbreak investigation was started. Microbiological diagnosis of VRE was obtained by culture and PCR. Epidemiological links were assessed by meticulous chart review and supplemented with WGS analyses. Multiple infection control measures were implemented to avoid further transmissions. Results Between December 2017 and April 2018, 2,877 screening samples were obtained from 1,200 patients. Three out of six hospitals within the Bern University Hospital group were affected. Eighty-three patients (6.9%) were colonized with VR Enterococcus faecium. Of those, 76 (91.6%) had a strain carrying vanB, with 70 (84%) isolates virtually identical (separated by up to two alleles) by cgMLST and identified as MLST type ST796 (figure). The remaining seven patients (8.4%) were colonized with vanA carrying strains from five different STs. Five patients (7%) developed an invasive infection with VRE ST796. Temporo-spatial links were found in most patients carrying the outbreak strain. In order to control the outbreak, extensive infection control measures were implemented. By April 2018 the outbreak was contained with these specific measures. Conclusion This VRE outbreak was characterized by a rapid intra- and inter-institutional spread of the emergent clone ST796. This clone was recently described in Australia and New Zealand but never before in Europe.1,2 A multi-faceted infection control led to the containment of the outbreak. References 1. Mahony AA, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sequence type 796—rapid international dissemination of a new epidemic clone. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018:7:44. 2. Leong KWC, et al. Emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium at an Australian Hospital: a whole genome sequencing analysis. Sci Rep. 2018:8(1):6274. 3. de Been M, et al. Core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for high- resolution typing of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 2015:53(12):3788–97. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Hospital transmission of borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus evaluated by whole-genome sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Konstantinovski ◽  
Karin Ellen Veldkamp ◽  
Adriana P. M. Lavrijsen ◽  
Thijs Bosch ◽  
Margriet E. M. Kraakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Risk Patients

Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital infections worldwide. Awareness towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections is high but attention towards borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA) is limited, possibly due to an underestimated clinical relevance, presumption of low incidence and diagnostic limitations. Gap statement. BORSA surveillance has not been routinely implemented, and thus consensus with regard to a definition and infection control measures is lacking. Aim. Our goals were to investigate the occurrence, molecular characteristics and clinical manifestations of BORSA infections in the hospital setting. Methodology. Following an increased incidence in 2016, BORSA cases in 2014/2016 (in our institution) were more specifically evaluated. Medical records were reviewed to investigate epidemiological links, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Resistance and virulence markers were assessed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Conventional methods: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ; multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were compared with core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis to confirm genetic clusters. Results. From 2009 to 2013, BORSA comprised 0.1 % of all clinical S. aureus strains. In 2016, the incidence was six-fold higher in comparison to the baseline. Whole-genome SNP and cgMLST confirmed two BORSA clusters among patients with dermatological conditions. Patients with BORSA presented with skin infections, and one case developed a severe invasive infection with a fatal outcome. Infection control measures successfully prevented further transmission in both clusters. WGS findings showed that BORSA strains carried multiple resistance and virulence genes with increased pathogenic potential. Conclusion. WGS and cgMLST effectively characterized and confirmed BORSA clusters among at-risk patients with clinical manifestations ranging from mild skin infections to life-threatening bacteraemia. Clinical awareness and active monitoring are therefore warranted for the timely implementation of infection control measures to prevent BORSA transmission in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing Allows for Improved Identification of Persistent Listeria monocytogenes in Food-Associated Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 6024-6037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Stasiewicz ◽  
Haley F. Oliver ◽  
Martin Wiedmann ◽  
Henk C. den Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Clonal Spread

ABSTRACTWhile the food-borne pathogenListeria monocytogenescan persist in food associated environments, there are no whole-genome sequence (WGS) based methods to differentiate persistent from sporadic strains. Whole-genome sequencing of 188 isolates from a longitudinal study ofL. monocytogenesin retail delis was used to (i) apply single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetics for subtyping ofL. monocytogenes, (ii) use SNP counts to differentiate persistent from repeatedly reintroduced strains, and (iii) identify genetic determinants ofL. monocytogenespersistence. WGS analysis revealed three prophage regions that explained differences between three pairs of phylogenetically similar populations with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types that differed by ≤3 bands. WGS-SNP-based phylogenetics found that putatively persistentL. monocytogenesrepresent SNP patterns (i) unique to a single retail deli, supporting persistence within the deli (11 clades), (ii) unique to a single state, supporting clonal spread within a state (7 clades), or (iii) spanning multiple states (5 clades). Isolates that formed one of 11 deli-specific clades differed by a median of 10 SNPs or fewer. Isolates from 12 putative persistence events had significantly fewer SNPs (median, 2 to 22 SNPs) than between isolates of the same subtype from other delis (median up to 77 SNPs), supporting persistence of the strain. In 13 events, nearly indistinguishable isolates (0 to 1 SNP) were found across multiple delis. No individual genes were enriched among persistent isolates compared to sporadic isolates. Our data show that WGS analysis improves food-borne pathogen subtyping and identification of persistent bacterial pathogens in food associated environments.

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care units in northern Italy: a genomic approach to characterize new sequence types

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lorenzin ◽  
Erika Scaltriti ◽  
Franco Gargiulo ◽  
Francesca Caccuri ◽  
Giorgio Piccinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Types

Aim: This study aims to characterize clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii with an extensively drug-resistant phenotype. Methods: VITEK® 2, Etest® method and broth microdilution method for colistin were used. PCR analysis and multilocus sequence typing Pasteur scheme were performed to identify bla-OXA genes and genetic relatedness, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing analysis was used to characterize three isolates. Results: All the isolates were susceptible only to polymyxins. blaOXA-23-like gene was the only acquired carbapenemase gene in 88.2% of the isolates. Multilocus sequence typing identified various sequence types: ST2, ST19, ST195, ST577 and ST632. Two new sequence types, namely, ST1279 and ST1280, were detected by whole-genome sequencing. Conclusion: This study showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates causing infections in intensive care units almost exclusively produce OXA-23, underlining their frequent spread in Italy.

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