Evaluation of urethrotropic clade meningococcal infection by urine metagenomic shotgun sequencing.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Retchless ◽  
Mark Itsko ◽  
Jose A. Bazan ◽  
Abigail Norris Turner ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
The U.S

Background Urethral infections caused by an emerging nongroupable (NG) urethrotropic clade of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) were first reported in the United States in 2015 (the “U.S. NmNG urethritis clade”). Here we evaluate for the presence of other urethral pathogens in men with U.S. NmNG urethritis clade infection. Methods: We evaluated 129 urine specimens collected from men at a sexual health clinic, including 33 from patients with culture-confirmed or suspected urethral Nm infection and 96 specimens in which nucleic acid amplification test detected Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng), Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), both pathogens, or neither pathogen. Nm was detected first by real-time PCR, followed by metagenomic shotgun sequencing of 91 specimens to identify coinfections. Nm genomes were sequenced following selective whole genome amplification when possible. Results: Metagenomic sequencing detected Nm in 16 of 17 specimens from culture-confirmed Nm cases, with no coinfection by other conventional urethral pathogens. Metagenomic sequencing also detected Nm in three Ct positive specimens, one specimen positive for both Ng and Ct, and nine specimens with negative Ng and Ct results, eight of which had suspected Neisseria infections. Nm from culture-confirmed Nm cases belonged to the U.S. NmNG urethritis clade, while Nm identified in other specimens belonged to multiple clonal complexes. Additional urethral pathogens were predominant in non-Nm specimens, including Ng, Ct, Mycoplasma genitalium , Ureaplasma urealyticum , and herpes simplex virus type-2. Conclusions: Coinfection with other conventional urethral pathogens is rare in men with culture-confirmed U.S. NmNG urethritis clade infection and points to the strong association of this clade with disease.

Urethral inflammatory response to ureaplasma is significantly lower than to Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Moi ◽  
Nils Reinton ◽  
Ivana Randjelovic ◽  
Elina J Reponen ◽  
Line Syvertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Micro Organisms

A non-syndromic approach to treatment of people with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) requires identification of pathogens and understanding of the role of those pathogens in causing disease. The most commonly detected and isolated micro-organisms in the male urethral tract are bacteria belonging to the family of Mycoplasmataceae, in particular Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. To better understand the role of these Ureaplasma species in NGU, we have performed a prospective analysis of male patients voluntarily attending a drop in STI clinic in Oslo. Of 362 male patients who were tested for NGU using microscopy of urethral smears, we found the following sexually transmissible micro-organisms: 16% Chlamydia trachomatis, 5% Mycoplasma genitalium, 14% U. urealyticum, 14% U. parvum and 5% Mycoplasma hominis. We found a high concordance in detecting in turn U. urealyticum and U. parvum using 16s rRNA gene and ureD gene as targets for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Whilst there was a strong association between microscopic signs of NGU and C. trachomatis infection, association of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum infections in turn were found only in patients with severe NGU (>30 polymorphonuclear leucocytes, PMNL/high powered fields, HPF). U. parvum was found to colonise a high percentage of patients with no or mild signs of NGU (0–9 PMNL/HPF). We conclude that urethral inflammatory response to ureaplasmas is less severe than to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium in most patients and that testing and treatment of ureaplasma-positive patients should only be considered when other STIs have been ruled out.

scholarly journals High prevalence of coinfection of azithromycin-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium with other STIs: a prospective observational study of London-based symptomatic and STI-contact clinic attendees

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2019-054356
Author(s):  
Claire E Broad ◽  
Martina Furegato ◽  
Mark A Harrison ◽  
Marcus J Pond ◽  
NgeeKeong Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesAzithromycin treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) may not be adequate to treat concomitant Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection, and particularly if MG has macrolide resistance-associated mutations (MG-MRAMs). We estimated prevalence of coinfections of CT with MG carrying MRAM, and risk factors for MG-MRAM among a sexual health clinic population.Study design and settingAmong symptomatic and STI-contact clinic attendees in London, prevalence of CT-MG coinfection and MG-MRAM were estimated using nucleic acid amplification testing and Sanger sequencing, respectively, and their associated risk factors analysed using logistic regression.ResultsMG prevalence was 7.5% (23/307), 17.3% (30/173), and 11.4% (8/70) in females, men who have sex with women (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively; MG coinfection in CT-infected participants represented 28.0% (7/25), 13.5% (5/37), 0.0% (0/0), respectively. Presence of MG-MRAM was 39.1% (9/23) in female swabs, 70.0% (21/30) in MSW urine and 83.3% (5/6) in MSM rectal swabs. In multivariate analyses, coinfection with another STI was strongly associated with MG-MRAM (OR: 7.19; 95% CI: 2.4 to 21.5).ConclusionA significant proportion of participants in our study of symptomatic patients and STI contacts were infected with macrolide-resistant MG, suggesting that testing for MG and MRAM, for MG positives, might be clinically useful. The findings also suggest services explore potential benefits of testing CT positive samples for MG in these patient groups. Where MG testing is not available, potential high rates of MG coinfection should be borne in mind when considering azithromycin in the treatment of CT among STI contacts and symptomatic patients.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium Urogenital Infections in a Diverse Patient Sample from the United States: Results from the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium Evaluation Study (AMES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Manhart ◽  
Charlotte A. Gaydos ◽  
Stephanie N. Taylor ◽  
Rebecca A. Lillis ◽  
Edward W. Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Urogenital Symptoms

ABSTRACT Data from a large prospective multicenter clinical validation study of a nucleic acid amplification in vitro diagnostic test for Mycoplasma genitalium were analyzed to describe the prevalence of M. genitalium infection, risk factors, and disease associations in female and male patients seeking care in diverse geographic regions of the United States. Among 1,737 female and 1,563 male participants, the overall prevalence of M. genitalium infection was 10.3% and was significantly higher in persons ages 15 to 24 years than in persons ages 35 to 39 years (for females, 19.8% versus 4.7% [odds ratio {OR} = 5.05; 95% confidence interval {CI} = 3.01 to 8.46]; for males, 16.5% versus 9.4% [OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.20 to 3.02]). The risk for M. genitalium infection was higher in black than in white participants (for females, 12.0% versus 6.8% [OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.72]; for males, 12.9% versus 6.9% [OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.38 to 2.96]) and higher in non-Hispanic than in Hispanic participants (for females, 11.2% versus 6.0% [OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.25 to 3.10]; for males, 11.6% versus 6.8% [OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.85]). Participants reporting urogenital symptoms had a significantly elevated risk of M. genitalium infection compared to that for asymptomatic individuals (for females, OR = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.09 to 2.14]; for males, OR = 1.42 [95% CI = 1.02 to 1.99]). Women diagnosed with vaginitis and cervicitis had a higher prevalence of M. genitalium infection than women without those diagnoses, although this was statistically significant only for vaginitis (for vaginitis, OR = 1.88 [95% CI = 1.37 to 2.58]; for cervicitis, OR = 1.42 [95% CI = 0.61 to 2.96]). A diagnosis of urethritis in men was also significantly associated with M. genitalium infection (OR = 2.97; 95% CI = 2.14 to 4.13). Few characteristics distinguished asymptomatic from symptomatic M. genitalium infections. These results from persons seeking care in the United States suggest that M. genitalium infection should be considered in young persons presenting with urogenital symptoms.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

Horror and Death: Rethinking Coco's Border Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Orquidea Morales
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Walt Disney Company ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Walt Disney ◽  
Day Of The Dead ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Border Politics ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The U.S

In 2013, the Walt Disney Company submitted an application to trademark “Día de los muertos” (Day of the Dead) as they prepared to launch a holiday themed movie. Almost immediately after this became public Disney faced such strong criticism and backlash they withdrew their petition. By October of 2017 Disney/Pixar released the animated film Coco. Audiences in Mexico and the U.S. praised it's accurate and authentic representation of the celebration of Day of the Dead. In this essay, I argue that despite its generic framing, Coco mobilizes many elements of horror in its account of Miguel's trespassing into the forbidden space of the dead and his transformation into a liminal figure, both dead and alive. Specifically, with its horror so deftly deployed through tropes and images of borders, whether between life and death or the United States and Mexico, Coco falls within a new genre, the border horror film.

Palestine Unbound

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

The French Way

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kuisel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Language ◽  
French Cinema ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The U.S

There are over 1,000 McDonald's on French soil. Two Disney theme parks have opened near Paris in the last two decades. And American-inspired vocabulary such as “le weekend” has been absorbed into the French language. But as former French president Jacques Chirac put it: “The U.S. finds France unbearably pretentious. And we find the U.S. unbearably hegemonic.” Are the French fascinated or threatened by America? They Americanize yet are notorious for expressions of anti-Americanism. From McDonald's and Coca-Cola to free markets and foreign policy, this book looks closely at the conflicts and contradictions of France's relationship to American politics and culture. The book shows how the French have used America as both yardstick and foil to measure their own distinct national identity. France has charted its own path: it has welcomed America's products but rejected American policies; assailed Americ's “jungle capitalism” while liberalizing its own economy; attacked “Reaganomics” while defending French social security; and protected French cinema, television, food, and language even while ingesting American pop culture. The book examines France's role as an independent ally of the United States, but he also considers the country's failures in influencing the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Whether investigating France's successful information technology sector or its spurning of American expertise during the AIDS epidemic, the book asks if this insistence on a French way represents a growing distance between Europe and the United States or a reaction to American globalization. Exploring cultural trends, values, public opinion, and political reality, this book delves into the complex relationship between two modern nations.

Latino Catholicism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The U.S

Most histories of Catholicism in the United States focus on the experience of Euro-American Catholics, whose views on social issues have dominated public debates. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Latino Catholic experience in America from the sixteenth century to today, and offers the most in-depth examination to date of the important ways the U.S. Catholic Church, its evolving Latino majority, and American culture are mutually transforming one another. This book highlights the vital contributions of Latinos to American religious and social life, demonstrating in particular how their engagement with the U.S. cultural milieu is the most significant factor behind their ecclesial and societal impact.

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